《诗经小雅采薇》的汉英翻译.docx

《诗经小雅采薇》的汉英翻译.docx

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《诗经小雅采薇》的汉英翻译

英汉翻译学期论文

《诗经·小雅·采薇》的

汉英翻译

学期论文题目:

__

学院外国语学院

专业英语专业

班级___XXXXXXXXXXX_______

学号XXXXXXXXXX

姓名XXXXXX

指导教师XXXX

教务处制

二Ｏ一三年一月七日

C-ETranslationof

shijing·xiaoya·caiwei

By

XXX

UndertheSupervisionof

XXX

SubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements

fortheTermPaper

ForEnglish-ChineseTranslation

SchoolofForeignStudies

Jan.7,2013

ABSTRACT

C-ETranslationof

shijing·xiaoya·caiwei

XXX

shijingistheearliestcollectionofpoemsintheworld;caiweiisselectedfromxiaoya,andisanaulicsong.TheC-Etranslationofshijingcanbetracedbacktothe18thcentury,anduntilnow,therehasbeenmanytranslatorsbothfromChinaandabroadtranslatingit.

Thethesisisdividedintothreechapters.Chapteroneanalyzesthepoetrythroughitstheme,styleandartistry.Chaptertwodiscussesitstranslationsbypredecessors,andanalyzestheirdifferences.Chapterthreeistheauthor’spersonalopinionsonitstranslation.

Keywords:

caiwei;translation;differentversions;personalopinions

摘要

《诗经·小雅·采薇》的汉英翻译

XXX

《诗经》是世界上最早的诗集，《采薇》选自《诗经》中的“小雅”，是宫廷乐歌。

其中的“昔我往矣，杨柳依依。

今我来思，雨雪霏霏”被称为《三百篇》中最佳诗句之一。

而《诗经》的汉英翻译，可追溯到18世纪，至今已有中外数名翻译学家对其进行翻译。

本文分为三个章节。

第一个章节通过《采薇》的主题，艺术手法等对其进行分析。

第二章探讨了前辈们对其的翻译，分析不同译本的不同之处。

第三个章节是作者个人的翻译观点。

关键词：

采薇；汉英翻译；不同译本；个人观点

Introduction

Shijinghas305poems,andcanbedividedintothreeparts,feng,ya,and,song.caiweiisselectedfromxiaoya,butitalsouseoverlappingsyntacticalstructureandbixingtechniquelikeguofeng.Thispoemmainlyshowsfrontiersoldiers’livesandemotions,andexpressesdissatisfactionforthewarandlongingforhome.Thefirstthreepartssetoffthelongtimeawayhomeandthedesireforhomebythegrowthofwei,whichisveryvividandappropriate.Theforthpartshowsthesoldiers’disciplinethroughfullbloomofchangdi.Thesentence“昔我往矣，杨柳依依。

今我来思，雨雪霏霏。

行道迟迟，载渴载饥。

我心伤悲，莫知我哀！

”（“WhenIlefthere,willowsshedtear.Icomebacknow,snowbendsthebough.Long,longtheway;Hard,hardtheday.Mygriefoverflows.Whoknows?

Whoknows?

”）inthelastpartrespectivelyshowsthesceneryandtheemotionwhengoingtowarthoseyearsandwhensurvivingatpresent.Thissentenceisconsideredtobethebest-knownoneinshijingever.

TheoriginofEnglishversionsofBookofPoetrycandatebacktothe18thcentury.TheEnglishversionshavebeenapartofinternationalcommunication.TheresearchonthevariousversionsstudieshowBookofPoetryspreadintheworldaswellastheirdevelopment.（Han12）

Thereareseveralversionsofthetranslationofpredecessors,andtheyallhavetheirownstrongpoints,soitishardtojudgewhichoneisthebest.Theauthorcanonlyexpresssomesuperficialviewsbytheirformsofexpression,aromaandstyles.ThethesisdiscussesdifferenttranslationsofXuYuanchong,WangRongpei,JamesLegge,andArthurWaley.ProfessorXucalledhimselfas“书销中外六十本，诗译英法唯一人”,andhecreatedatheoryof“threebeauties”,namely,“meaningbeauty,soundbeauty,formbeauty”.Foreignscholarsandreadersallspeakhighlyofhispoetrytranslations.ProfessorWanghasmadebreakthroughprogressintermsofC-EtranslationofChineseclassicalliteratureandcomparisonbetweenChineseandWesternculturesandsoon.Heiswellupinpoetrytranslation,andholdsanideaof“要给人原诗的生动逼真的印象，需要尽可能保持原诗的风貌，也就是通常所说的以诗译诗”（Togivevividexpressionoftheoriginalpoem,andasmuchaspossibletomaintaintheoriginalstyleofpoetry,whichiscommonlyreferredtoaspoetrytopoetrytranslation）.JamesLeggeisafamoussinologistinmodernEngland,andisthefirstpeoplewhostudiesandtranslatesChineseclassicssystematically.HehasmadeagreatcontributionforthediffusionofChineseConfucianclassics.ArthurWaleyisalsoafamoussinologistinUnitedKingdom.TheEncyclopediaBritannicadescribeshimlikethis:

"hewasthemostoutstandingorientalistinthefirsthalfofthe20thcentury,andalsothemostoutstandingtranslatorwhotranslatedorientallanguagesintoEnglish.........Hewasapoetandainnovatorofpoetry.Thankstohistranslations,itbecameeasierforWesternreaderstounderstandChineseliterature.”

Thisthesisisonlyatrytoexpresssomeideasoftranslatingcaiwei,andcannotbecomparablewiththemasters’work.Theauthorgivessomeviewsonthepoem’srhetoricaldevices,techniqueofexpressionanditsrhythm.Intheendofthethesis,theauthorattemptstotranslatethispoemusingthepredecessors’versionsforreference.

ChapterOne

AnalysisofCaiwei

Caiweiisapoemselectedfromshijing·xiaoya·lumingzhishi.Therearevariousversionsaboutitscreativeage.Butaccordingtoitscontentandotherhistoricalrecords,itisprobablytheworkduringtheageofZhouxuanking.Xianyun（theHuns）hadbeenverypowerful,andtheyofteninvadedtheCentralPlains,whichbroughtdisastertothepeoplelivingintheNorth.Intermsofthecontentofcaiwei,itshouldbewrittenwhensoldierscamebackfromthebattleground.Thepoemexpressessoldiers’hardlifeandtheirnostalgia.Thepoemisreproducedbelow.

采薇采薇，薇亦作止。

曰归曰归，岁亦莫止。

靡室靡家，玁狁之故。

不遑启居，玁狁之故。

采薇采薇，薇亦柔止。

曰归曰归，心亦忧止。

忧心烈烈，载饥载渴。

我戍未定，靡使归聘。

采薇采薇，薇亦刚止。

曰归曰归，岁亦阳止。

王事靡盬，不遑启处。

忧心孔疚，我行不来！

彼尔维何？

维常之华。

彼路斯何？

君子之车。

戎车既驾，四牡业业。

岂敢定居？

一月三捷。

驾彼四牡，四牡骙骙。

君子所依，小人所腓。

四牡翼翼，象弭鱼服。

岂不日戒？

玁狁孔棘！

昔我往矣，杨柳依依。

今我来思，雨雪霏霏。

行道迟迟，载渴载饥。

我心伤悲，莫知我哀！

Wegatherfernwhichspringsuphere.Whynotreturnnowendstheyear?

WeleftdearonestofighttheHuns.Wewakeallnight;theHunscausefright.Wegatherfernsotenderhere.Whynotreturn?

Myheartfeelsdrear.Hardpressedbythirstyandhungerworst.MyheartisburningforhomeI’myearning.Farfromhome,howtosendwordnow?

Wegatherfernwhichgrowstoughhere.Whynotreturn?

Thetenthmonth’snear.Thewarnotwon,wecannotrest.Consoledbynone,wefeeldistressed.Howgorgeousarethecherryflowers!

Howgreatthecaroflordofours!

It’sdrivenbyfourhorsesnice.Wecan’tbuthieinonemonththrice.Drivenbyfourhorsesalined,ourlordbefore,wemarchedbehind.Fourhorsesneigh,quiverandbowreadyeachdaytofightthefoe.WhenIlefthere,willowsshedtear.Icomebacknow,snowbendsthebough.Long,longtheway;Hard,hardtheday.Mygriefoverflows.Whoknows?

Whoknows?

（Xu182）

ThispoemiswrittenduringWesternZhoudynasty,andisthethoughtofasoldierwhoisonhiswayhomejustfromthebattleground.Anditalsoexpresseshispassionforthecountry.Thispoemdescribessuchscenery:

itwasacoldsleetingwinter,asoldierwhojustcamebackfromthebattlegroundwalkedaloneonthewayhome.Theroadwasbumpy,andthepersonwashungryandthirsty.However,homewasclose.Herecollectedthedaysofguardingfrontiers.Atthismoment,allsortsoffeelingswelledupinhismind,socameoutthispoem.

Thewholepoemhassixsections,andcouldbedividedintothreelevels.Theprecedingthreesectionsarethefirstlevel,whichisarecollectionofhisnostalgiaandanarrationofreasonsforwhycannotgohome.Theprecedingfoursentencesexpresshomesickfeelingsbyclarifyingmeaningsusingrepetitionofreduplicatedwordsandbyadvancinginregularorder.Thissentencereflectsthehardlivesoffrontiersoldiers.“Fernwhichspringsuphere”,“tenderhere”,“toughhere”depictvividlythegrowthofWei.Theyshowthelapseoftimeandthelongyearsofgarrison,aswellas“Whynotreturnnowendstheyear?

”and“Thetenthmonth’snear.”Theyhaveastrongdesireforhome,butforthereasonofgarrison,theycouldnotgohome.Thisreallymakesasoldierwithalimitedlifeworried.Thelastfoursentencesgiveareasonforwhyhecannotgohome,andthefundamentalreasonisXianYun.Thus,onehandisthelongingforhome;anotherhandistheconsciousnessforfighting.Theyaretwocontradictoryfeelingswhichconstitutethemainkeyofthepoem.

Theforthandthefifthsectionsdescribethenervouslifeofmarchingandfighting.Andtheemotionalsochangesfromdistresstoexcitement.Thepreviousfoursentencesintheforthsectionshowthesenseofpridespecifictosoldiers.Andthefollowingsentencesdescribethesceneoffightingfocusingonthechariots,andthendepictthesceneoffightingindetailfocusingonsoldiers.

Wecanseefromthecontradictoryemotionsthroughoutthepoemthatthesoldierhasastrongresponsibilityaswellasalongingforhome.Soitisverynaturaltorecallthegarrisonlifeonthelongwayhome.Themainemotionsenvelopingthewholepoemarenostalgia.Thesnowcomingunexpectedlyawakesthesoldierfromhismemoryandthentoadeepersadness.“昔我往矣，杨柳依依。

今我来思，雨雪霏霏。

”（“WhenIlefthere,willowsshedtear.Icomebacknow,snowbendsthebough.Long,longtheway;Hard,hardtheday.Mygriefoverflows.Whoknows?

Whoknows?

”）isadescriptionofscenery,andalsoanexpressionofthesoldier’snostalgia.Duringthechangesof“today”and“yesterday”,“come”and“go”,thesoldierfeelsthelapseoftime,andthenegateoflifemadebywar,thuscreatesanatmosphereofsadnessforus.“Mygriefoverflows.Whoknows?

Whoknows?

”Thewholepoemendsupwithasighoverlonelyandhelpless.

Intermsofarts,“WhenIlefthere,willowsshedtear.Icomebacknow,snowbendsthebough.Long,longtheway;Hard,hardtheday.Mygriefoverflows.Whoknows?

Whoknows?

”isconsideredtobethebestsentenceinthreehundredpoems.Thethemeissober.Thepoemislinedwithimpressivenaturalscenerydescription:

thegrowthofwei,thetenderofwei,thestrongofwei,theblossomofchangdi,thewillow,andthesnow.Herearethetruethoughtsofsoldiers,andthedistressedemotionsdonotdiminishitsvalueasapatrioticpoem.Onthecontrary,thisreflectstheplainnessofpeoplewithunderstandablethoughts.Itisthispur