历年英语专业八级改错真题.docx

历年英语专业八级改错真题.docx

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历年英语专业八级改错真题

2020年真题

Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequallycompleteandperfect

asinstrumentsofcommunication:

thatis,everylanguageappearstobewell1

equippedasanyothertosaythethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.2

Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitivepeoplesor3

cultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notallgroupsofpeopleare

equallycompetentinnuclearphysicsorpsychologyorthecultivationofriceor

theengravingofBenaresbrass.Whereasthisisnotthefaultoftheirlanguage.4

TheEskimoscanspeakaboutsnowwithagreatdealfurtherprecisionand5

subtletythanwecaninEnglish,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage

（oneofthosesometimesmiscalled'primitive'）isinherentlymorepreciseand

subtlethanEnglish.ThisexampledoesnotcometolightadefectinEnglish,6

ashowofunexpected'primitiveness'.Thepositionissimplyandobviously

thattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilarenvironments.TheEnglish7

languagewillbejustasrichintermsfordifferentkindsofsnow,8

presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhichEnglishwashabituallyusedmade

suchdistinctionasimportant.9

Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguagecouldbe

aspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufactureorcricketifthese

topicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'life.Forobvioushistoricalreasons,10

Englishmeninthenineteenthcenturycouldnottalkaboutmotorcarswiththe

minutediscriminationwhichispossibletoday:

carswerenotapartoftheir

culture.Buttheyhadahostoftermsforhorse-drawnvehicleswhichsendus,

puzzled,toahistoricaldictionarywhenwearereadingScottorDickens.How

manyofuscoulddistinguishbetweenachaise,alandau,avictoria,abrougham,

acoupe,agig,adiligence,awhisky,acalash,atilbury,acarriole,aphaeton,

andaclarence?

2020年真题

　　Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses

　　fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference

（1）_____

　　betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,learnt

　　inearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthelittlelistener

（2）__

　　hasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,orevengrandchildren.（3）_____

　　Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeandtransmitting

　　Itmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.Withtheplayground（4）_____

　　lore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassedonwhtintheveryhour（5）_____

　　itislearnt;andinthegeneral,itpassesbetweenchildrenofthe（6）_____

　　sameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommonforthedifferenceinage

　　betweenplaymatestobemorethanfiveyears.Iftherefore,aplayground

　　rhymecanbeshowntohavebeencurrentlyforahundredyears,or（7）_____

　　evenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatithasbeenretransmittingover

　　andover;verypossiblyithaspassedalongachainoftwoorthree（8）_____

　　hundredyounghearersandtellers,andthewonderisthatitremainslive（9）____

　　aftersomuchhandling,toletalonethatitbearsresemblancetothe（10）____

　　originalwording.

2020年真题

Thedesiretouselanguageasasignofnationalidentityisa

verynaturalone,andinresultlanguagehasplayedaprominent

（1）__________

partinnationalmoves.Menhaveoftenfelttheneedtocultivate

（2）__________

agivenlanguagetoshowthattheyaredistinctivefromanother（3）__________

racewhosehegemonytheyresent.AtthetimetheUnitedStates（4）___________

splitofffromBritain,forexample,therewereproposalsthat

independenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedbytheuseofa（5）__________

differentlanguagefromthoseofBritain.Therewasevenone（6）__________

proposalthatAmericansshouldadoptHebrew.Othersfavoured

theadoptionofGreek,thought,asonemanputit,thingswould

certainlybesimplerforAmericansiftheystuckontoEnglish（7）__________

andmadetheBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryone（8）__________

know,thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactory

solutionofcarryingwiththesamelanguageasbefore.（9）__________

Sincenearlytwohundredyearsnow,theyhaveshowntheworld（10）_________

Thatpoliticalindependenceandnationalidentitycanbecomplete

Withoutsacrificingtheenormousmutualadvantagesofacommon

language.

2007年真题

Fromwhathasbeensaid,itmustbeclearthatnoonecan

makeverypositivestatementsabouthowlanguageoriginated.

Thereisnomaterialinanylanguagetodayandintheearliest

（1）_____________

recordsofancientlanguagesshowuslanguageinanewand

（2）_____________

emergingstate.Itisoftensaid,ofcourse,thatthelanguage（3）_____________

originatedincriesofanger,fear,painandpleasure,andthe（4）_____________

necessaryevidenceisentirelylacking:

therearenoremote

tribes,noancientrecords,providingevidenceofalanguagewitha

largeproportionofsuchcriesthanwefindinEnglish.Tiistruethatthe（5）__________

absenceofsuchevidencedoesnotdisprovethetheory,butin（6）____________

othergroundstoothetheoryisnotveryattractive.

Peopleofallracesandlanguagesmakerathersimilar

noisesinreturntopainorpleasure.Thefactthatsuchnoisesare（7）____________

similaronthelipsofFrenchmenandMalaysianswhoselanguages

areutterlydifferent,servestoemphasizeonthefundamental（8）___________

differencebetweenthesenoisesandlanguageproper.Wemay

saythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargely

reflexactions,instinctivetolargeextent,whereaslanguage（9）___________

properdoesnotconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearnt（10）___________

andthatarewhollyconventional.

2006年真题

Weuselanguageprimarilyasmeansofcommunicationwith

otherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhich

weliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconven-

（1）___________

tionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedtoconveya

（2）____________

particularmessage;theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposalavocabu-（3）____________

laryandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichinableshimtocommuni-（4）___________

catehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyles,totheother（5）____________

Englishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichhe

usesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesinsizeashe

growsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.（6）___________

But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,

thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindi-

vidual,unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobe

seenbyanothermemberofhislinguisticcommunity;hehastogive（7）__________

thesystemaconcretetransmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthe（8）____________

twomostcommonformsoftransmission—bymeansofsoundspro-

ducedbyourvocalorgans（speech）orbyvisualsigns（writing）.And（9）____________

theseareamongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.（10）___________

2005年真题

Anumberofcollegesanduniversitieshaveannouncedsteeptu-

itionincreasesfornextyear—muchsteeperthanthecurrent,

verylow,rateofinflation.Theysaytheincreasesareneededbe-

causeofalossinvalueofuniversityendowmentsheavilyinvesting

（1）__________

incommonstock.Iamskeptical.Abusinessfirmchoosestheprice

thatmaximizesitsnetrevenues,irrespectivefluctuationsinin-

（2）__________

come;andincreasinglytiheoutlookofuniversitiesintheUnited

Statesisindistinguishablefromthoseofbusinessfirms.Therisein（3）__________

tuitionsmayreflectthefacteconomicuncertaintyincreasesthede-（4）__________

mandforeducation.Thebiggestcostofbeingintheschoolisfore-（5）___________

goingincomefromajob（thisprimarilyafactoringraduate—and

professional—schooltuition）:

thepoorone’sjobprospects,themore（6）__________

senseitmakestoreallocatetimefromthejobmarkettoeducation,

inordertomakeoneselfmoremarketable.

Thewayswhichuniversitiesmakethemselvesattractiveto（7）_________

studentsincludesoftmajors,studentevaluationsofteachers,giving

studentsagovernancerole,andeliminaterequiredcourses,Sky-（8）__________

hightuitionshavecauseduniversitiestoregardtheirstudentsas

customers.Justasbusinessfirmssometimescolludetoshortenthe（9）_________

rigorsofcompetition,universitiescolludetominimizethecostto

themoftheathleteswhomtheyrecruitinordertostimulatealumni

donations,sothebestathletesnowoftenbypasshighereducationin

ordertoobtainsalariesearlierfromprofessionalteams.Anduntil

theywerestoppedbytheantitrustauthorities,theIvyLeague

schoolscolludedtolimitcompetitionforthebeststudents,by

agreeingnottoawardscholarshipsonthebasisofmeritratherthan

purelyofneed—justlikebusinessfirmsagreeingnottogivedis-

countsontheirbestcustomer.（10）________

2004年真题

Oneofthemostimportantnon-legislativefunctionsoftheU.S.

Congressisthepowertoinvestigate.Thispowerisusuallydelegated

tocommittees—eitherstandingcommittees,specialcommitteesset

（1）_________

foraspecificpurpose,orjointcommitteesconsistedofmembersof

（2）_________

bothhouses.

Investigationsareheldtogatherinformationontheneedfor

futurelegislation,totesttheeffectivenessoflawsalreadypassed,

toinquireintothequalificationsandperformanceofmembersand

officialsoftheotherbranches,andinrareoccasions,tolaythe（3）_________

groundworkforimpeachmentproceedings.Frequently,committees

relyoutsideexpertstoassistinconductinginvestigativehearings（4）_____