Unit4.docx

Unit4.docx

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Unit4

Textcomprehension

I.BII.1.T;2.F;3.T;4.T;5.T.

III.

1.“snailmail”.

2.“anessentialsteppingstoneontheroadtosuccess”.

3.“theprofoundrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturethatliesattheheartofsociety”.

4.“themeanstoshapeourviewsoftheworld”.

5.“tonegotiatetheboundariesbetweenlanguagesandtocompromiseintranslation”.

6.“touselinguisticskills,tothinkdifferently,toenterintoanotherculture’smentalityandtoshapelanguageaccordingly”.

IV.

1.withconvenientwaystoreachanypartoftheworld.

2.Itseemsthateveryoneisabletoalwaysgetintouchwithanyoneelseifheorshecanaffordto.

3.isthemostimportanttosociety.

4.afundamentalskillintoday’sworld,wheredifferentculturesinteract.

5.arefindingwaystointerrelatedifferentcultures.

Structuralanalysisofthetext

1.Thelastsentenceofthe3rdparagraph:

“Mostfundamentalistheprofoundrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturethatliesattheheartofsocietyandonethatweoverlookatourperil.”

2.Paragraph4:

ThelackofanexactcounterpartoftheEnglishword“homesickness”inotherlanguagessuchasItalian,Portuguese,andGerman.

Paragraph5:

TheproblemofuntranslatabilitywhichtheearlyBibletranslatorsencountered.

Paragraph6:

EnglishandWelshspeakersmakeadjustmentsregardingthecolorspectruminthegrey/green/blue/brownrange;Theword“democracy”meanscompletelydifferentthingsindifferentcontexts;theflatbreadsofCentralAsiaarealongwayawayfromMother’sPridewhiteslicedtoasties,yettheword“bread”hastoserveforboth.

PartOne.VocabularyAnalysis

I.Phrasepractice

1.provided=aslongas假如，倘若

needneverbeoutoftouch=canneverfailtobereached从不会失去联系

2.regardlessof=nomatter不管，不顾

3.overlookatourperil=failtonoticeatgreatrisk忽视……的危险或风险

4.hoverssomewhereinandaroundallthosewords=maybedescribedbythesewordstovaryingdegrees

5.hittheproblemofuntranslatabilityhead-on=weredirectlyconfrontedwiththeproblemthatsomethinginonelanguagecannotberenderedintoanother

II.

1.steppingstone;2.attheirperil;3.serve;4.mentality;5.staple;6.facilitating;7.messaging;8.hybrid.

III.Wordderivation

Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsofthegivenwords.

1.Thecountryistryingtomovefromacentrallyplannedeconomy（economic）toonebasicallygearedtotheneedsofthemarket.

2.Therearenogoodroadsinthearea,somostoftheranchesareonlyaccessible（access）byjeeporotheroff-roadvehicles.

3.Thetwoapproachesaresofundamentally（fundamental）differentthatitissurprisingthattheyhavebothbeensuccessful.

4.Theyspentmuchtimecomfortingthehomesick（homesickness）childrenatthebeginningofthesummercamp.

5.Wearelookingforanexperiencedjournalisttojointhenewsteams.Thesalaryisnegotiable（negotiate）.

6.Theamountofanyoftheseingredientscanbeadjusted（adjustment）accordingtoyourtaste.

7.Theremoteness（remote）ofthehousewastheonlythingthatmadethemhesitateaboutbuyingit.

8.Heparkedthecarandsmiledather,complacently（complacent）assuminghehadpassedthetest.

1.economica.经济学的；经济的；有利可图的

economicala.节俭的；经济的，合算的

economicsn.经济学

economistn.经济学家

economyn.节约；经济

2.accessn.通道，入口

accessiblea.可得到的；易接近的，可进入的

accessibilityn.可以得到；易接近

3.fundamentala.基本的，根本的；重要的

fundamentalismn.原教旨主义

fundamentalistn.信奉正统派基督教的人

fundamentallyad.从根本上；基本地

4.homesicka.想家的

homesicknessn.乡愁，思乡病

5.negotiatev.谈判，协商，交涉

negotiablea.可磋商的，可协商的

negotiationn.谈判，协商

negotiatorn.磋商者，交涉者

6.adjustv.调整，调节；使适应

adjustablea.可调整的

adjustmentn.调整

7.remotea.偏僻的，遥远的，远程的

remotenessn.远离，远隔，偏僻

8.complacenta.满足的，自满的，得意的

complacentlyad.满足地，自满地，沾沾自喜地

complacencyn.自满，沾沾自喜

IV.

1.D;2.C;3.A;4.D;5.B;6.A;7.B;8.C.

V.Synonym/Antonym

Giveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.

1.Weliveinanageofeasyaccesstotherestoftheworld.

Synonym:

time,era,epoch

2.ConferencesandbusinessmeetingsaroundtheglobeareheldinEnglish,regardlessofwhetheranyonepresentisanativeEnglishspeaker.

Synonym:

meetings

3.Englishhassimplybecomethelanguagethatfacilitatescommunication,andformanypeoplelearningEnglishisanessentialsteppingstoneontheroadtosuccess.

Synonym:

basic,fundamental

4.Differentculturesarenotsimplygroupsofpeoplewholabeltheworlddifferently;languagesgiveusthemeanstoshapeourviewsoftheworldandlanguagesaredifferentfromoneanother.

Antonym:

misshape

5.Inevitably,thespreadofEnglishmeansthatmillionsofpeopleareaddinganotherlanguagetotheirownandarelearninghowtonegotiateculturalandlinguisticdifferences.

Synonym:

unavoidably

6.WhydoestheriseofEnglishasagloballanguagecausefeelingsofuneasinessforsomeofus?

Synonym:

worry,concern,anxiety

7.Butevenasmorepeoplebecomemultilingual,sonativeEnglishspeakersarelosingout,fortheyarebecomingevermoremonolingual,andhenceincreasinglyunawareofthedifferencesbetweenculturesthatlanguagesreveal.

Antonym:

hide,conceal

4Prefix

Writeineachspaceonewordthathasthesameprefixasunderlinedinthegivenword.

1.unreliableunbelievable

2.impatientimperfect

3.disapprovaldisagreement

4.mistakemisplace

5.maltreatmalfunction

6.enrichenable

7.surmountsurpass

8.subordinatesubmarine

1.Explanation:

un-:

notortheoppositeof

e.g.unable,unhappy,unknown

2.Explanation:

in-/il-/im-/ir-:

notortheoppositeof

e.g.impolite,infinite,illogical,irrelevance

3.Explanation:

dis-:

notortheoppositeof

e.g.dishonest,disadvantage,disappear

4.Explanation:

mis-:

badorwrong

e.g.misinterpret,misbehavior,mischance,misconceive

5.Explanation:

mal-:

badornotcorrect

e.g.malpractice,malodorous,malformation

6.Explanation:

en-/em-:

tocausetobe;toputintothethingorconditionmentioned

e.g.encase,empower,enlarge,embolden,enchant

7.Explanation:

sur-:

beyond

e.g.surcharge,surplus,surprise,surmise

8.Explanation:

sub-:

lessthan;underorbelow

e.g.subdivision,subconscious,subcontinent,subculture

PartTwo.GrammarExercises

1.thesimplepresentandthepresentprogressive

Simplepresentisusedforactivitiesthatarelong-lastinghabits.

Presentprogressiveisusedforactivitiesthatoccuratthemomentofspeakingactivities.

Thepresentcontinuouswithwordssuchas“always”or“constantly”expressestheideathatsomethingirritatingorshockingoftenhappens.

e.g.Sheisalwayscomingtoclasslate.

Heisconstantlytalking.Iwishhewouldshutup.

Speakersusethepresentcontinuoustoindicatethatsomethingwillorwillnothappeninthenearfuture.

e.g.Iamnotgoingtothepartytonight.

Ishevisitinghisparentsnextweekend?

I.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththecorrectverbforms.

1.She’sadietician—she__helps__（help）peopletochoosetherightfood.

2.hope;areenjoying;sunbathe;go;aregoing.

3.isbeing.

4.Theprofessor____istyping____（type）hisownletterswhilehissecretaryisill.

5.amnoteating.

6.I__amreading___（read）aninterestingbookatthemoment.I’lllendittoyouwhenI’vefinishedit.

7.arealwaysleaving.

8.go;belongs;wants;isusing.

9.isboiling.

10.isputting;isrewiring;isbuilding.

II.

1.ispassing=passes;isshooting=shoots.

2.OK.

3.arecrying.

4.OK.

5.amknowing=know.

6.amgathering=gather.

7.work=amworking.

8.do=are;sneeze=sneezing.

III.

thank;aredispatching;regret;have;arecontacting;hear;enclose/areenclosing;decide;have;arelisted;regret;hope;enclose/areenclosing.

IV.

1.a.Thespeakeriscomplaining;b.Thespeakergivesafact.

2.a.amconsidering;b.havetheopinion.

3.a.Itsuggestsapermanentnature;b.Itsuggestsatemporarybehaviour.

4.a.istakingcareof;b.havenoobjectionto.

5.a.amwaitingfor;b.believe.

6.a.amwaitingfor;b.believe.

2.Positionofadjectives

Unlikeadverbs,whichoftenseemcapableofpoppingupalmostanywhereinasentence,adjectivesnearlyalwaysappearimmediatelybeforethenounornounphrasethattheymodify.Sometimestheyappearinastringofadjectives,andwhentheydo,theyappearinasetorderaccordingtocategory.

Thecategoriesinthefollowingtablecanbedescribedasfollows:

A.Determiners—articlesandotherlimiters.

B.Observation—postdeterminersandlimiteradjectives（e.g.arealhero,aperfectidiot）andadjectivessubjecttosubjectivemeasure（e.g.beautiful,interesting）

C.SizeandShape—adjectivessubjecttoobjectivemeasure（e.g.wealthy,large,round）

D.Age—adjectivesdenotingage（e.g.young,old,new,ancient）

E.Color—adjectivesdenotingcolor（e.g.red,black,pale）

F.Origin—denominaladjectivesdenotingsourceofnoun（e.g.French,American,Canadian）

G.Material—denominaladjectivesdenotingwhatsomethingismadeof（e.g.woolen,metallic,wooden）

F.Qualifier—finallimiter,oftenregardedaspartofthenoun（e.g.rockingchair,huntingcabin,passengercar,bookcover）

Rewritethefollowingdescriptionsputtingtheadjectivesinthecorrectorder.

1.alargepairofredwoolensocks

2.awhitecarGermannewpowerful

apowerfulnewwhiteGermancar

3.asmallgreyrectangularJapaneseradio

4.aconcretemodernofficebuildingbig

abigmodernconcreteofficebuilding

5.amediumsizeFrenchstainlesssteelsaucepan

6.