佛山一模英语.docx

佛山一模英语.docx

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佛山一模英语

2018年佛山市普通高中高三教学质量检测

（一）

英语2018.1

本试卷共9页,满分120分,考试用时120分钟。

注意事项:

1、本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。

答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。

用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。

将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。

因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。

2、答选择题时,选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上对于应题目选项的答题信息点涂黑；如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

答案不能答在试卷上。

3、非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上，如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案，不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答无效。

4、老生必须保证答题卡的整洁。

考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第二部分阅读理解（共两节,满分40分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分）

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项,并在

答题卡上将该项涂黑

A

HerearefourhomesforsalearoundtheU.S.withlinkstopast,presentandfuturepresidents,aswellastheirclosefamilies.

JohnF.KennedysWeekendRetreat

AmodestfarmnearMiddleburg,Virginia,wasbuiltbyJohnFKennedyandhiswifeintheearly1960s.Theformerfirstladydesigneditherself.Thefour-bedroompropertyiscurrentlybackonthemarketfor$5.95million,decreasedby$2millioncomparedwith2015.Itwas$10.99millionwhenitfirstwasputupforsalein2013.

JackieKennedysSummerHouse

AnotherKennedy-linkedpropertyforsaleisthe"Lasata"estateintheHamptons,designedbyarchitectArthurC.Jacksonandbuiltin1917.Setonmorethansevenacresoflandneartheocean,itincludesa10-bedroomhousethatwasrestoredin2007,includingathree-cargaragebuilding.It'sonthemarketfor$38.9million,alittlebithigherthanlastyear.

ChesterA.Arthur'sSummerWhiteHouse

ChesterA.Arthur,whobecamethe21stpresidentin1881,spentsomeofhisdowntimehere.Thethree-story,six-bedroomVictorianmansion,whichwasbuiltin1796andhasbeenrecentlyrestored,isforsalewitha$14.2millionpricetag,downfrom$20millionin2015.Featuresincludealibrarywithfireplace,aformaldiningandlivingroomandafamilyroomoverlookingthegardenandtheswimmingpool.

PresidentObama'sSummerRental

ThisMartha'sVineyardhomeservedasthesummerWhiteHousetoPresidentObama.ItiscurrentlyforsaleforS19.1million,downfromS22.5millioninJuly2015.Setonnineacresoflandandwithitsownprivateroad,thispropertynodoubtactedasaperfectsummerhideawayforthosewhodidn’twanttheireverymovementseen.Inadditiontoprivacy,otherfeaturesincludeaheatedpool,half-basketballcourt,outdoorterracesandatwo-bedroomguestcottage

21.Whichhousehasthelongesthistory?

A.PresidentObama’sSummerRental

B.JackieKennedy’sSummerHouse

C.ChesterA.Arthur’sSummerWhiteHouse

D.JohnF.Kennedy’sWeekendRetreat

22.WhatisthefeatureofPresidentObama’sSummerRental?

A.PrivacyB.ArchitectureC.LocationD.Price.

23.Whatdothefourhouseshaveincommon?

A.Theirpricesaregoingdowntheseyears.

B.TheyhaveconnectionswithUSpresidents.

C.Theyhaveahistoryofmorethanacentury.

D.Theyhavemorethan5bedroomsinthehouse.

B

Itwasjustonewordinoneemail,butitcausedhugefinanciallossesforamultinationalcompany.Themessage,writteninEnglish,wassentbyanativespeakertoacolleagueforwhomEnglishwasasecondlanguage.Unsureoftheword.thereceiverfoundtwocontradictorymeaningsinhisdictionary.Heactedonthewrongone.Monthslater,seniormanagementinvestigatedwhytheprojecthadfailed,costinghundredsofthousandsofdollars.

Whensuchmisunderstandingshappen,it'susuallythenativespeakerswhoaretoblame.Ironically,theyareworseatdeliveringtheirmessagethanpeoplewhospeakEnglishasasecondorthirdlanguage.

AlotofnativespeakersarehappythatEnglishhasbecometheworld'sgloballanguage.Theydon'tfeeltheneedtoaccommodateoradapttoothers.Theyoftentalktoofastforotherstofollowandusejokes,slang,shortformsandreferencesspecifictotheirownculture."ThefirsttimeIworkedinaninternationalinstitution,somebodysaid‘ETA16:

53’andIthought‘WhatthehellisETA?

’",saysMichaelBlatter,anexecutiveinaninternationalcompany.

Andthenthere'sculturalstyle.WhenaBritishreactstoaproposalbysaying"that'sinteresting",afellowBritishmightrecognizethisas"that'srubbish"Butothernationalitieswouldtaketheword"interesting"onfacevalue.

Also,lotsoftheinformationisnotfullyunderstoodbecauseofthecomplexlanguagenativespeakersuse.Toomanynon-nativespeakers,especiallytheAsiansandtheFrench,aretooconcernedaboutnot“losingface”andnodapprovinglywhilenotgettingthemessageatall,becauseofwhich,thenativespeakerscontinuedeliveringinformationthatmakeslittlesensetothem.Theinformationgapisunnoticedandkeepswidening.

Nativespeakersshouldcommunicateefficientlywithsimplelanguage.WhentryingtocommunicateinEnglishwithagroupofpeoplewithdifferentlevelsoffluency,it'simportantfornativespeakerstomakethesamepointinacoupleofdifferentwaysandaskforsomeacknowledgement,reactionandaction,toknowwhetherthey'vebeenunderstoodornot.

24.Thefirstparagraphofthepassageiswrittento_____.

A.tellreadersaninterestingstory

B.introducethetopicofthepassage

C.statetheimportanceofEnglish

D.showanexampleofcommunication

25.WhatcanwelearnaboutMichael?

A.HethinksBritishpeopletalktoofast

B.Hefeelsnoneedtoadapttoothers

C.He'snotanativeEnglishspeaker.

D.HefindsBritishculturehardtounderstand

26.WhatmightcausetheAsiansandtheFrenchto“loseface”accordingtothepassage?

A.Beingunabletousecomplexlanguage

B.Beingnon-nativeEnglishspeakers

C.Failingtounderstandnativespeakers

D.Noddingapprovinglywhilelistening

27.Nativespeakersareadvisedtoaskforlistenersacknowledgementinorderto____.

A.talktoagroupofpeopleatthesametime

B.learnaboutlisteners'levelsoffluency

C.getsuggestionsfromlisteners

D.checklisteners'understanding

C

Scientistshaveidentifiedtheorderofthegeneofthegiraffeforthefirsttimetohelpexplainhowthetallestanimalsonearthdevelopedtheirremarkablylongnecks.

Beingagiraffeisnoteasy.Topumpbloodtwometersupfromthechesttothebraincallsforapowerfulheartandtwicethebloodpressureofothermammals.Giraffesalsoneedspecialsafetysystemtoletthembenddownforadrinkandraisetheirheadsagainwithoutfeelingdizzy.

Theanimals'uniquebodystructurehaslongbeenapuzzleforbiologists,includingCharlesDarwin.Now,bycomparingthegeneofthegiraffewithitsclosestrelative,theshort-neckedokapi,scientistshavesolvedpartofthepuzzlebystudyingchangesinasmallnumberofgenesresponsiblebothforregulatingbodyshapeandcirculation.Thissuggeststhatthedevelopmentofalongneckandapowerfulheartwenthandinhand,drivenbyarelativelysmallnumberofgeneticchanges.

Theinterpretationofthegeneticfactorsbehindthegiraffe'sremarkableheartsystemcouldalsobeinstructiveforhumanhealth,sincetheanimalsappeartoavoidthekindoforgandamageoftenfoundinpeoplewithhighbloodpressure.

Themorefundamentalquestionofwhygiraffesdevelopedtheirlongnecksremainsopen,however.Theapparentlyself-evidentideathatitwastoreachever-higherfoodsupplieshasbeenchallengedinthepast20yearsbyacompetingbeliefthatitisactuallyduetocompetitionamongfightingmalesforfemales.

Unlikelong-neckedbirds,whichhaveadditionalvertebrae（椎骨）,giraffeshavethesamesevenvertebraefoundinallmammals,althoughtheirsaregreatlyextended.

28.Astrongheartisveryimportantforagiraffebecauseit____.

A.pumpsbloodtothebrainhighaboveitsbody

B.keepsthebloodpressureatanormallevel

C.helpsthegiraffefindadrinkatlowerplaces

D.keepsthegiraffesafeindifferentenvironments

29.Scientistscomparethegeneofthegiraffeandtheshort-neckedokapibecausethelatter___.

A.hasaquitespecialbodystructure

B.isapuzzleworthfurtherstudy

C.isinthesamefamilyasthegiraffe

D.hasgonethroughfewgeneticchanges

30.Whichpossiblycausedthegiraffetodevelopalongneck?

A.Itsfavoritefoodathighplaces

B.Itsattemptstoattractfemales

C.Itsneedtoavoidorgandamage.

D.Itsgreatly-extendedvertebrae

31.What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Tointroduceanewfindingofscience.

B.Toexplaingeneticchangesinanimals.

C.Todescribegiraffesbodystructure.

D.Tochallengeabeliefoftwentyyears.

D

Bettysmith'sfirstnovel,ATreeGrowsinBrooklyn,becameimmediatelypopularwhenitwaspublishedin1943.Thestoryissetintheyearsof1900to1920.IttellsofFrancieNolanandherparents,whowereborntoimmigrants,andtheirstruggletoprovidefortheirfamily.SmithsaysshebasedthestoryonherownexperiencesgrowingupintheneighborhoodofWilliamsburginBrooklyn,aboroughofNewYorkCity.It'swidelybelievedthatthecharacterofFrancieisbasedonSmith.

Thetreeofthebook'stitlereferstothebigTreeofHeavenwhichgrowsnearthefamily'sapartmentbuilding,despiteattemptstogetridofit.It'sasymbolforFrancieherself.Francieisdeterminedtosurviveandimproveherlife,despitethingsthatgetinherway:

herfatherisanalcoholicanddies,hermotherdoesn'tcareaboutFrancie’sdreamsandherfamilyisalmostconstantlypoor.

ThenoveltellsthestoryofhowFrancie’sparents,JohnnyandKatieNolan,metasteenagers.Katielaterbecamepregnant,andtheymarriedbeforeeitherofthemhadturned20.Despitehischarmandgoodnature,Johnnyisanalcoholicwhocan'tholdajob.Katiesupportsthefamilybycleaningapartmentbuildings.Thiswentagainsttradition,asthemanwasusuallytheonewiththejobwhoprovidedforthefamily.Francieenjoyslearning,andidolizesherfather,whosharesherdreamynatureandvividimagination