浙江省选考 英语写作指导与模拟训练 概要写作.docx
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浙江省选考英语写作指导与模拟训练概要写作
第二节 概要写作
概要写作属于限制性写作，它是阅读理解和写作的有机结合。
所给短文的文体以说明文、议论文为主。
概要写作旨在考查考生的阅读理解能力和概括运用英语语言知识的能力。
该题型主要考查考生对大段阅读文字的概括能力，如考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力。
同时，考查考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
进行概要写作时，考生要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词或句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心。
考生要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表达出来。
（一）写作步骤
1．细读原文。
首先要仔细阅读所给短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。
2．弄清要求。
概要写作是写全文的概要，不是写某一部分的概要，也不是单独就某些问题写出要点。
3．列出原文要点。
分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。
在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
（二）写作方法
1．速读语言材料，弄清文章寓意。
快速阅读所给文章，弄清文章体裁、明确文章主旨大意，采集分层信息点。
2．整合分层信息，确定写作要点。
运用构词法、上下文措辞技巧对文章信息整合再造，分层概括表述。
采用适当的词法、句法等语言知识确定写作任务的点睛句，把握写作任务要点。
3．牢记词数要求，使用地道表达。
明确写作词数的上下限，采用高级或精简句式浓缩多个信息点于一句中，高度概括所给文章内容。
弄清写作任务中的人称和时态，准确、地道地表达，充分展示语言的表现力。
（三）注意事项
1．概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
2．安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
3．注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地罗列一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
4．尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。
多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。
不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子作一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
5．计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
以40－80词为宜。
1
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Inmanysocieties，thereisoftengreateracceptanceoflightskinthandarkskinmaybeseenasamarkofbeauty，intelligenceandbeliefscanleadtosocialpressureevenwithinthesameracialorethnicgroup，ifsomemembersaredarkerskinnedthanothers.
TheresultisthatskinlighteninghasbecomeacommonactivityacrossAfrica，Asiaandotherareasoftheandmorepeoplewithdarkskinareusingskin-lighteningproducts，eveniftheymayfacehealthrisks.
Theybelievethathavingwhiterskinwillimprovetheirpeoplethinktheywillhaveabetterchanceofgettingajobormarryingintoabettertheywanttolooklikewhattheirsocietygenerallyconsidersbeautiful.
Somebeautycareproductsandsoapscontainchemicalsthatmakeskinprocessisalsocalledbleaching（漂白）．Butsomeofthechemicalsareextremelyofthechemicalshasbeenlinkedtokidney（肾）damageandsomekindsofalsocauseslowbirthweightinbabieswhenmothersuseitduringpregnancy.
Atfirst，bleachingproductsmaketheskincolorafterlong-termusetheycancausecanevenmakesomeskinchemicalsintheproductsblockandbreakdownthenaturalprocessthatgivescolortoskinlosesitsnaturalbarriertoprotectagainsttheskincanbecomethickandthepersonwillusemoreoftheproductinanefforttocorrecttheproblem，butthisonlymakesitworse.
DoctorLy，whoworksinahospital，saysthechemicalsarenowmoredangerousbecausetheyarecaseshaveresultedinblackenedfingernails，infectionsandpermanentskinthesearenottheonlysaysomepeoplewhochangetheirskincolorsufferemotionalfeelregretandfeelthatinsteadofriskingtheirhealth，theyshouldhavelearnedtoloveandaccepttheirskincolorasitwas.
2
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Areyoushy？
Ifyouare，youarenotfact，closeto50percentofpeopleare80percentofpeoplefeelshyatsomepointintheirdays，shynessisbecomingmoreandmore，scientistsaretryingtounderstandhavesomeinterestingideasaboutwhypeopleareshy.
Isitpossibletobebornshy？
Manyscientistssaysay15to20percentofbabiesbehavebabiesarealittlequieterandmorewatchfulthanothershybabiesusuallyhaveshyaresult，scientiststhinkthatsomeshynessisgenetic.
FamilysizemightcausepeopletobeshyasatHarvardUniversitystudiedshyfoundthat66percentofthemhadolderbrothersandaresult，theybecamethesametime，childrenwithnobrothersandsistersmaybeshyasupalone，theyoftenplaybyarenotabletolearnthesamesocialskillsaschildrenfrombigfamilies.
Youmayalsobeshybecauseofwhereyouwerescientistsstudiedshynessindifferentcountries，theyfoundsurprisingJapan，mostpeoplesaidtheywereinIsrael，onlyoneofthreepeoplesaidexplainsthedifference？
OnescientistsaystheJapaneseandIsraelishavedifferentopinionsofJapan，whenpeopledonotsucceed，theyfeelbadaboutblamethemselvesfortheirIsrael，theoppositeisoftenblamefailureonoutsidereasons，suchasfamily，teachers，friends，orbadIsrael，freedomofopinionandrisktakingarestronglymaybewhyIsraelisworrylessaboutfailureandarelessshy.
Forshypeople，itcanbedifficulttomakefriends，speakinclass，andevengetagoodscientistssayyoucangetoveryoursuggesttryingnewthingsandpracticingdon’tforget—ifyouareshy，youarenottheonlyone.
3
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Thesedaysoursocietydevelopsrapidlyandforcespeopletoappearsthatpeoplehavegotusedtobeingina，itisbetterforpeopletotaketheirtimeandlivetheirlifeataslowerpacethantohurrytogetthingsdone.
Themainreasonthatconvincesustoopposedoingworkinahurryisthepossibilityofdoingwrongsinapeopledotheirjobsortakeactioninahurry，theycannotmakeasounddecisionandprobablyregretthesayinggoes，“Hastemakeswaste.”Weshouldthinkcarefullybeforemakingadecisionanddoourworklessshouldnotmakemistakesbydoingworkhurriedly.
Slowingdownthepaceoflifehelpspeopleenjoytheirlifeexample，takingatraintosomeplacecertainlywilltakemoretimethantakinga，takingatrainmakespeoplehaveenoughtimetogettoknowalotofnew，itallowspeopletofullyenjoythebeautifulsceneryalongthethecontrary，beinginahurrywillmakeuslosechancesofenjoyingourlife.
Finally，slowerlifepaceprovidesbetterhealthyconditionsforisknowntoall，takingactioninahurrybotherspeopleandraisestheirthinkiftheyarenotinhurry，theywillbecomealoserandthatannoysinahurrycanhurtpeoplebothphysicallyandtosomestudies，peoplewhohaveaslowerpacesufferfewerdiseases，tendtobehappierandlivemuchlongerthanthosewhoselifeistense，eveniftheformerfinishjobsmoreslowlythanthelatter.
Inshort，workingquicklywillbringaboutmorematerialbenefitstomakeoursocietymore，muchstresscan’tbringenjoyment，friendsandhealth，whicharemuchmoreimportantthanmoneyandothermaterial，takeyourtimeandliveyourlifeataslowerpace.
4
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Cyberspace（网络空间）hasgivenrisetoanewsocialchangewherepeoplemakefriendsfromacrosstheworld，butknowlittleabouttheirnext-doorworriescritics（批评家）．TakeBobforthinkshisneighbordoesn’tknowanythingaboutgardening，buthisnetfriendGr33nThum，Gr33nThumdoesn’tdothatannoyingsoundwhenhepeoplelikeBobhavelongbeencriticizedfortheirlackofnecessarysocialthinkpeoplealmostforgethowtonaturallycommunicatewiththeirneighbors，creatingasocialnetworkofstrangers.
However，areportentitled“TheStrengthofInternetTies”providesadifferentsuggeststhattheInternethelpsdevelopsocialnetworksandmakeuseofthemwhenitmattersmost.
Friendsoftenkids，ourfriends’parentsmoveadults，wemoveawaytocollegeorfortoolshavemadepeoplelosetouchwitheachotherasaresultoflaziness，notdistance.“Thelargerandthemorediverse（多样的）aperson’snetwork，themoreimportante-mailis，”arguesJeffreyBoase，whoco-authoredthereport.“Youcan’tmakephonecallsorpersonalvisitstoallyourfriendsveryoften，butyoucankeepintouchwiththemregularlywiththehelpoftheturnsouttobeveryimportant.”
Inadditiontoexpandingandstrengtheningthesocialtiespeoplekeepintheofflineworld，Internetande-mailprovideasocialandinformationalsupportgroupthathelpspeoplemakedifficultdecisionsandfacechallenges.“Internetuseprovidesonlineuserswithapathtoresources，suchasaccesstopeoplewhomayhavetherightinformationtohelpdealwithfamilyhealthproblemsorfindanewjob，”saysJohnHorrigan，authorofthereport.“TheInternetcreatesanewbasisforthanrelyingonasinglecommunityforsocialsupport，peopleoftenmustactivelyseekoutavarietyofappropriatepeopleandresourcesfordifferentsituations，”saysco-authorBarryWellman.
5
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Formostofus，socialmedia，likeTwitterandFacebook，isapartofoureverydaylives—atwork，homeoralotofpeoplearestillfiguringoutwhentouseitandisespeciallytrueinhighschool，wheremanyteachersareunsureofhowitfitsintheclassroom.
DanKrutka，ahighschoolteacher，isanadvocateforusingsocialmediaintheclassroom，andisanenthusiasticuserofTwittersaysit’sagreatwaytocommunicatewithhisstudentsduringnon-classhours.“Youcancontinuetolearntogetheroutsidetheclassroom，”saysKrutka.“SowhenstudentsarepostingonTwitter—saytheypostsomethinginaccuratelyortheymakeareallygoodpoint—Icangoaheadandrespondtothembeforeclass.”
Krutkasaystweetingwithhisstudentsisn’tjustaboutconvenience，it’sasaysstudentsneedtolearnhowtousesocialmediaproperly.“Peopleusesocialmediairresponsiblyandschoolshouldbeaplacewherewe’retalkingaboutthatandhowtouseitresponsibly，”hesays.“Asateacher，Ithinkpartofmyjobistohelpstudentsunderstandhowtomakebestuseofitasthoughtfullearners.”
ButKrutkaisamongthefeweducatorswhofeelthisschools，includingthoseinWesternMassachusetts，arestillstrugglingwithwhetherornotTwitterorFacebookshouldbeusedasteachingteachersbelievethatsocialmediaingeneralcaneasilydistractKavanagh，aninthgradeworldhistoryteacher，triedusingTwitterinclass，butwasdistractedbyallofthenon-classrelated“noise”．
Besides，itseemsthatsomestudentsdon’tfeellikethiswayLynnisinKavanagh’shistoryclass.“I’dratherkeepmyschoolandmypersonalsocialmedialifealittlemoreseparate，”shesays.“I’drathernothavemyteacheronmyTwitterorFacebook.”
6
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutvalueit
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