初中英语被动语态讲解与练习.docx
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初中英语被动语态讲解与练习
初中被动语态语法讲解
(一)语态分类
英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:
Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)
Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)
汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
不同时态的被动语态,列表如下:
一般现在时:
am/is/are+done一般过去时:
was/were+done一般将来时:
shall/will+bedone一般过去将来时:
should/would+bedone现在进行时:
am/is/are+being+done过去进行时:
was/were+being+done现在完成时:
have/has+been+done过去完成时:
had+been+done将来完成时:
shall/will+havebeen+done过去将来完成时:
should/would+havebeen+done
注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态
1.一般现在时:
(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.
Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.
(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.
Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.
2.一般过去时:
(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.
Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.
(2)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.
Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten
3.一般将来时:
(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.
Carswillbesentabroadbysea.
(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.
Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.
4.过去将来时:
(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.
Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.
(2)Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.
Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.
5.现在进行时:
(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.
Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.
(2)Wearepaintingtherooms.
Theroomsarebeingpainted.
6.过去进行时:
(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.
Theroadwasbeingmended.
(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.
Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.
7.现在完成时:
(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.
Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.
(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.
Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.
8.过去完成时:
(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.
(2)Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.
Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader
(四)含有情态动词的被动语态:
含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
(1)Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.
Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.
(2)Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.
Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.
(五)被动语态的使用
1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by短语。
“Mr.White,thecupwasbrokenafterclass.”
2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by短语。
TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.
ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.
3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in+名词作状语,而代替by短语。
ThesecarsweremadeinChina.
(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)Myauntinvitedmetoherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
fIwasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.
主语谓语宾语
(2)Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.
fAspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.
1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be+过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。
如果原句主语是地名词作状语。
(七)语态转换时所注意的问题
1.把主动语态变为被动语态点名词,在被动语态中用in+地点时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.
Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)
Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)
2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.
Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:
Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.
、I•d:
注意:
1.一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:
bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。
(1)Thebookwasshowedtotheclass.
(2)Mybikewaslenttoher.
2.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:
build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。
(1)Anewskirtwasmadeforme.
(2)Themeatwascookedforus.
(3)Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.
3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
这类动词有:
不及物动词+介词,如:
agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。
(1)Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.
(2)Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物动词+副词:
如:
bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。
(1)Hisrequestwasturneddown.
(2)Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather
4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。
如:
(1)Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.
tTheclassroomisalwayskeptclean