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状语从句用
第六讲状语从句
一、定义:
在句中作状语的从句是状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。
状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用,状语从句放在句首时,要用逗号,放在句尾时不用。
二、分类
根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为:
①时间状语从句②地点状语从句③原因状语从句
④目的状语从句⑤条件状语从句⑥结果状语从句
⑦让步状语从句⑧方式状语从句⑨比较状语从句
状语从句是一较大的语法项目,也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。
高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句,这些从句仍是今后高考热点,应作充分准备。
同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。
(一)时间状语从句
常用引导词:
when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until
特殊引导词:
theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant,immediately,directly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when
e.g.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.
Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.
Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.
Ididn’trealizehowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.
WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.
Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园)themomenttheysawtheguard.
NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.
EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.
注意:
1)“while”主、从句动作或状态同时发生。
用while引导的从句用延续性动词,常表示较长的时间或一个过程。
记忆:
While后用进行时。
Whilewewerehavingsupper,allthelightswentout.
Pleasekeepquietwhileothersarestudying.
WhileIwaswritingletterslastnight,hewaswatchingTV.
2)When表示“就在……的时候”,while意为反而,可是,表示转折。
OneeveningBeethovenwaswalkinginastreet,whenhesuddenlystoppedoutsidealittlehouse.
3)Whenever无论什么时候,随时
Wheneversomeonethrowsinsomerubbish,thetruckproducesapieceofmusic.
每当有人扔进一些垃圾时,它(汽车)就放一段音乐。
Wheneverwe’reintrouble,theywillhelpus.
Igotothetheatre,wheneverIamfree.
Comeandseemewheneveryouwantto.你随时来看我。
4)till和until(表示“直到……”)句首多用until
1、在肯定句中表示“直到……为止”,主句谓语动词要用延续性动词。
Iwaswaitinguntil/tillhearrived.
2、在否定句中表示“直到……才”主句谓语动词常用终止性动词。
Ididn'tleavetill/untilshecameback.
5)since:
主句用完成时,从句用一般过去时。
ItistwoyearssinceIhavestudiedEnglish.
1.Wehaveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.
2.Wehavebeenfriends(eversince)sincewemetatschool.
3.Itis……(一段时间)+since+一般过去时态句子。
Itistwoyearssincemysistermarried.
……(一段时间)have/haspassedsince+一般过去时态句子
Twosistershave/haspassedsincemysistermarried.
Since+时间点
1.Ihavebeenathomesincethreeo'clockthisafternoon.
2.MariahasbeeninChinasincetwoyearsago.
6)Everytime,eachtime,nexttime
Everytimeyougetbackatnight,youdropyourbootsonthefloor.
EverytimeIcatchcold,Ihavepaininmyback.
NexttimeIgothere,Iwillvisitthem.
7)once一旦…就
Onceyoubegin,youmustgoon.你一开了头,就应该继续下去。
(二)原因状语从句
常用引导词:
because,since,as
特殊引导词:
seeingthat,nowthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat
e.g.Heisdisappointedbecausehedidn'tgettheposition.
Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.
Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremember.
注意:
1、由why提问必须用because回答。
Since,as不回答why的提问,而且从句一般放在句首,because一般放在主句之后。
2、becauseof+名词
Becauseoftherain,wedidn'tgotothepark.
3、because和so不可连用,只能选其一。
(另有although,but)
Whydidn'thecometoschool?
Becausehewasill.
SinceImustdie,Imust.既然我一定要死,我一定这样做。
Sincealotofpeoplemakemistakesinlife,MrSmithwantedtogiveJohnaChance.
4、for并列连词,不能放在句首,主要放在两个并列句之间。
For所提供的理由为一个补充说明,而且前面常有逗号隔开。
Thedaysareshort,foritisDecembernow.
(三)地点状语从句
常用引导词:
where
特殊引导词:
wherever,anywhere,everywhere
e.g.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.
Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard.
(四)目的状语从句
常用引导词:
sothat,inorderthat
特殊引导词:
lest,forfearthat,inthehopethat,forthepurposethat
e.g.Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.
ShehasboughtthebookinorderthatshecouldfollowtheTVlessons.
Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.
(五)结果状语从句
常用引导词:
sothat,so…that,such…that,
特殊引导词:
suchthat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,tosuchadegreethat,
e.g.Shewasill,sothatshedidn’tattendthemeeting.
Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.
Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.
Tosuchandegreewasheexcitedthathecouldn’tsleeplastnight.
注意:
too…to,enoughto可以引导结果状语从句与so…that替换,so…that结构可以用too…to替换必须具备两个条件,一是主句和结果状语从句的主语必须一致,二是从句中的谓语部分必须含有can(could)not.
Sheisyoungthatshecan’tgotoschool.
Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.
Sheisn'toldenoughtogotoschool.
(六)条件状语从句
条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。
注意:
条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。
常用引导词:
if,unless,
特殊引导词:
as/solongas,onlyif,providing/providedthat,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthat
e.g.Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.
Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.
Youcangoswimmingonconditionthat(=if)youdon’tgotoofarawayfromtheriverbank.
Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere.
Ifhehadcomeafewminutesearlier,hecouldhaveseenher.
(七)让步状语从句
常用引导词:
as,though,although,evenif,eventhough
特殊引导词:
while(一般用在句首),nomatter…,inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever
注意:
as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),
MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.
尽管我很尊敬他,我却不同意他的建议。
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
Theoldmanalwaysenjoysswimmingeventhoughtheweatherisrough.
Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.
Hewon’tlistenwhateveryoumaysay.
(八)方式状语从句
常用引导词:
as,asif,asthough,how
特殊引导词:
theway,ratherthan
WheninRome,doastheRomando.
Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.
Sometimesweteachourchildrenthewayourparentshavetaughtus.
注意:
asif(though)两者意义相同,从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气,但实现可能性较大,则用陈述语气。
Itseemsasif/thoughit’sgoingtorain.
Theyaretalkingasif/thoughtheywereoldfriends.
ShetreatsmeasifIwereherbrother.
(九)比较状语从句
常用引导词:
as(同级比较),than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词:
themore…themore…;justas…,AistoBwhat/asXistoY;no…morethan;
e.g.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.
Sheisasbad-temperedashermother.
Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.
Themoreyouexercise,thehealthieryouwillbe.
Foodistomenwhatoilistomachine.食物之于人,犹如油之于机器。
(十)使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
1、在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g.We’llgooutingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.
I’llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.
2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句,如果从句的主语与主句主语一致(或虽不一致,是it),从句的谓语又包含动词be,就可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。
e.g.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.
If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.
If(itis)necessaryI’llexplaintoyouagain.
3、注意区分不同从句:
引导的是什么从句,不仅要根据连词,还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。
以where为例,能引导多种从句。
e.g.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.(地点状语从句)
Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.(定语从句,句中有先行词)
Idon’tknowwherehecamefrom.(宾语从句)
Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.(主语从句)
Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.(表语从句)
状语从句2012年高考题:
1.(2012全国卷I)25.Idon'tbelievewe'vemetbefore,_______Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar.
A.thereforeB.althoughC.sinceD.unless
2.(2012全国卷I)29.Thisrestaurantwasn't_______thatotherrestaurantwewentto.
A.halfasgoodasB.ashalfgoodas
C.asgoodashalfD.goodashalfas
3.(2012全国卷II)11.Ihadhardlygottotheoffice___mywifephonemetogobackhomeatonce.
A.whenB.thanC.untilD.after
4.(2012北京卷)21.—Lookatthoseclouds!
—Don’tworry.______itrains,we’llstillhaveagreattime.
A.EvenifB.AsthoughC.IncaseD.Ifonly
5.(2012上海卷)32.Ihaveatightbudgetforthetrip,soI'mnotgoingtoflytheairlineslowerticketprices.
A.onceB.ifC.afterD.unless
6.(2012上海卷)40.Themapisoneofthebesttoolsamanhashegoestoanewplace.
A.wheneverB.whateverC.whereverD.however
7.(2012天津卷)14.Everythingwasplacedexactly___________hewanteditforthegraduationceremony.
A.whileB.whenC.whereD.though
8.(2012江苏卷)30.One’slifehasvalue________onebringsvaluetothelifeofothers.
A.sothatB.nomatterhowC.aslongasD.exceptthat
9.(2012湖南卷)28.________IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.
A.WhileB.OnceC.IfD.Until
10.2012湖南卷)32.________hardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.
A.HoweverB.WhateverC.WhicheverD.Whenever
11.(2012福建卷)30.ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties____itgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.
A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.since
12.(2012陕西卷)18.Hot_______thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.
A.althoughB.asC.whileD.however
13.(2012陕西卷)25.Allthephotographsinthisbook,_______statedotherwise,datefromthe1950s.
A.unlessB.untilC.onceD.if
14.(2012山东卷)27.Hesmiledpolitely______Maryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.
A.asB.ifC.unlessD.though
15.(2012山东卷)32.Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisen_______therewasnothingayearagobutruins.
A.whenB.whereC.beforeD.until
16.(2012重庆卷)30.—Coach,canIcontinuewiththetraining?
—Sorry,youcan’t________youhaven’trecoveredfromthekneeinjure.
A.untilB.beforeC.becauseD.unless
17.(2012四川卷)4.Atschool,somestudentsareactive________someareshy,yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.
A.whileB.althoughC.soD.as
18.(2012四川卷)10.Ifyouhappentogetlostinthewild,you’dbetterstay________youareandwaitforhelp.
A.whyB.whereC.whoD.what
19.(2012江西卷)31.Youcanborrowmycaryoupromisenottodrivetoofast.
A.unlessB.evenifC.incaseD.aslongas
20(2012浙江卷)18.Mikewasusuallysocareful,______thistimehemadeasmallmistake.
A.yetB.stillC.evenD.thus
21.(2012辽宁卷)30.Leaveyourkeywithyourneigh