定语从句时态各句型详解.docx

定语从句时态各句型详解.docx

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定语从句时态各句型详解

初中定语从句讲解及练习

一、定义：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

如：

1）Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.

2）YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who（宾格who,所有格whose）和关系副词where,when、why

关系词常有三个作用：

1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

（1）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

（2）YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.

2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

（1）Mr.Liuistheperson（whom）youtalkedabout.

注意：

关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

（3）Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.

3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

（1）Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.（which在句子中做主语）

（2）Thisisthepen（which）heboughtyesterday.（which在句子中做宾语）

4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

（5）Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.（在句子中做主语）

（6）Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

（在句子中做宾语）

5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

（1）Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

（2）Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

（3）Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

（5）Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

――――附练习

（一）

定语从句练习

练习

（一）

请分析一下定语从句：

（请划出定语从句，并标出先行词）

1.CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.

2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.

3.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.

4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.

5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.

6.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?

8.HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.

9.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.

10.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?

12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.

13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.

14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.

15.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.

二、用关系代词填空：

that、which、who、whom、whose

1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.

2.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.

3.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.

4.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.

5.Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.

6.Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.

7.Theperson______________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.

8.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.

9.Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.

10.Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.

11.Thestorybook____________Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.

12.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.

13.Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.

14.Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.

15.Thebook¬¬¬¬¬____________isonthetableismine.

16.Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.

17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.

18.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?

19.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.

20.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.

三、单项选择

（）1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.

A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose

（）2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.

A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningto

C.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening

（）3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.

A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything

（）4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.

A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which

（）5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.

A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat

（）6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who

（）7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?

A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalk

C.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk

（）8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.

A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its

（）9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?

A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit

（）10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.

A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that

练习

（一）

一、注：

（划了线的是定语从句）方框里的词是先行词

1.CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.（

2.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.

3.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.

4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.

5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.

6.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?

8.HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.

9.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.

10.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?

12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.

13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.

14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.

15.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.

二、用关系代词填空：

that、which、who、whom、whose

1.Thisistheman__that\who______wantstoseeyou.

2.Thestudent____that\who_______answeredthequestionisZhangHua.

3.Theman_____that\who_____youwenttoseehascome.

4.Theman_____that\who_\whom_____Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.

5.Thewoman______that\who\whom_________yousawisourgeographyteacher.

6.Therunner_______that\who\whom_________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.

7.Theperson_____that\who\whom_________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.

8.Theman_____that\who______waspassingbysawwhathappened.

9.Hereisthepen___that\which______youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.

10.Thesebooks____that\which_________youlentmewereveryuseful.

11.Thestorybook_______that\which______Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.

12.Aclockisamachine____that\which___tellspeoplethetime.

13.Thisisshirt_______that\which_________Iboughtyesterday.

14.Adictionaryisabook___that\which___________givesthemeaningtotheword.

15.Thebook¬¬¬¬¬_____that\which________isonthetableismine.

16.Thefilm_______that\which______theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.

17.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces__that___Ihaveevervisited.

18.Isthereanyone______whose______familyisinBeijing?

19.Showmetheboy_____whose_________motherisawell-knownsinger.

20.Theboy____whose__fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.

三选择

1-5ADACC

6-10ACABB

1.构成

表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。

动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。

规则动词的过去式变化如下：

（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：

　　workedplayedwantedacted　　

（2）以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：

　　livedmoveddecideddeclinedhopedjudgedraisedwiped　　

（3）以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：

　　studiedtriedcopiedjustifiedcriedcarriedembodiedemptied　　

（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：

　　stoppedbeggedfretteddraggeddroppedplanneddotteddripped　　

（5）注：

不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。

　　go-went，make-made，get-got，buy-bought，come-came，fly-flew，is/am-was，are-were，see-saw，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught,think-thought,say-said,sit-sat.read-read,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,fell-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,

　　put-put,grow-grew,take,took,catch-caught,come-camebecome-became,swim-swam

2.读法：

　　规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：

　　1.在清辅音后读作[t]。

如：

asked,helped,watched,stopped

　　2.在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。

如：

enjoyed,studied,moved,called

　　3.在t/d后读作[id]。

如：

wanted,needed

　　不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：

　　1.以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。

如：

put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat

　　2.以d结尾的词，把d变成t。

如:

build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent

　　3.以n结尾的词，在词后加t。

如：

mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt

　　4.以ow/aw结尾的词，把ow/aw变成ew。

如：

blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew

　　5.含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。

如：

keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt

　　6.含有元音字母o/i的词，将o/i变成a。

如：

sing—sang,give—gave,sit—sat,drink—drank

一般现在时定义

一般现在时。

表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。

（很拗口，但是要学会就必须深刻体会）

基本结构构成表

肯定式疑问式否定式否定疑问式

Iwork.DoIwork?

Idonotwork.DoInotwork?

Youwork.Doyouwork?

Youdonotwork.Doyounotwork?

Wework.Dowework?

Wedonotwork.Dowenotwork?

Theywork.Dotheywork?

Theydonotwork.Dotheynotwork?

He（She,It）works.Doeshe（she,it）work?

He（She,It）doesnotwork.Doeshe（she,it）notwork?

口诀

当主语是第三人称单数时

肯定句主语+动词三单+其他

否定句主语+doesn't+动词原形+其他

一般疑问句Does+主语+动词原形+其他

肯定回答Yes，主语+does

否定回答No，主语+doesn't

特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

当主语不是第三人称单数时

肯定句主语+动词原形+其他

否定句主语+don't+动词原形+其他

一般疑问句Do+主语+动词原形+其他

用错结构全句都错，一定要注意。

第三人称单数变化规律

情况构成方法?

读音?

例词?

一般情况加-s清辅音后读/s/

浊辅音和元音后读/z/swim-swims；

help-helps；like-likes

以o结尾的词加-s或-es读/z/tomatoes；potatoes；photos

以ce,se,ze,ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/prices；cases；oranges

以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/teach-teaches；bus-buses

以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加es读/z/study-studies

以f或fe结尾的词去f或fe该加ves读/iz/wife-wivesknife-knivesleaf-leaves

具体用法

表示

1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。

时间状语：

always,usually,regularly,everymorning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,fromtimetotime,twiceaweek,rarely,seldom,onceamonth,hardly,ever,never.

e.g.Ileavehomeforschoolat7:

00everymorning.

.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。

e.g.Idon'twantsomuch.

AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.

比较：

NowIputthesugarinthecup.

Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.

3.表示客观事实和普遍真理。

e.gTheearthmovesaround