定语从句时态各句型详解.docx

1、定语从句时态各句型详解初中定语从句讲解及练习一、 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系

2、代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. whic

3、h指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where

4、 is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will

5、soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?附练习（一） 定 语 从 句 练 习练习(一)请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldnt unders

6、tand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didnt like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are some o

7、f the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do was travelin

8、g. 二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man _ wants to see you.2. The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _ you went to see has come.4. The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _ you are asking ab

9、out is over there.7. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man _was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books _ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook _ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machin

10、e _ tells people the time.13. This is shirt _I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book _ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book _ is on the table is mine.16. The film _ they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places _ I have ever visited.18. Is t

11、here anyone _ family is in Beijing?19. Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.20. The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.三、单项选择( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 2. Whats the name of the program_. A. which are lis

12、tening B. you are listening to C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening( ) 3. The students were all interested _ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything( ) 4. He was the only person in his office_ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which(

13、 ) 5. This is the museum_ we visited last year. A. where B. in which C. which D. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all_ had happened. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 7. Do you know the student_? A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk( ) 8. I li

14、ke the house_ windows face south. A. whose B. whos C. its D. its( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _? A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it( )10. The young woman_ I spoke just now is a young doctor. A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that 练习(一)一、注：（划了线的是定语从句） 方框里的词

15、是先行词 1. Check the ways you study for an English test. （2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didnt like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently

16、?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 13. Standing very close to the person you are talking w

17、ith is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling. 二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man _that who _ wants to see you.2. The student _ that who _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. T

18、he man _ that who _ you went to see has come.4. The man _ that who _whom_I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman _ that who whom_ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _ that who whom_ you are asking about is over there.7. The person _ that who whom_ you should write to is Mr. Ball

19、.8. The man _ that who _was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen _that which_ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books _that which_ you lent me were very useful.11. The storybook _ that which_ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine _ that which_ tell

20、s people the time.13. This is shirt _ that which_I bought yesterday.14. A dictionary is a book _ that which_ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book _ that which_ is on the table is mine.16. The film _ that which_ they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and t

21、he places _that_ I have ever visited.18. Is there anyone _whose_ family is in Beijing?19. Show me the boy _whose_ mother is a well-known singer.20. The boy_whose_ father is a teacher is good at English.三选择1-5 ADACC6-10 ACABB1.构成表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过

22、去式变化如下：（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： worked played wanted acted （2）以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped （3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied （4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 -ed，如： stopped begged fretted

23、 dragged dropped planned dotted dripped （5）注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。 go - went，make - made，get - got ，buy - bought ，come - came ，fly-flew ，is/am-was，are-were ，see-saw ，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught, think-thought, say-said,sit-sat. read-read, spend-spent, eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,writ

24、e-wrote,fell-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,put-put,grow-grew,take,took,catch-caught,come-camebecome-became,swim-swam 2.读法：规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：1. 在清辅音后读作t。如：asked, helped, watched, stopped2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作d。如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called3. 在t / d后读作id。如：wanted, needed不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：1. 以t结尾的

25、词，过去式与原形相同。如：putput, letlet, cutcut, beatbeat2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:buildbuilt, lendlent, sendsent, spendspent3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：meanmeant, burnburnt, learnlearnt4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blowblew, drawdrew, knowknew, growgrew5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keepkept, sleepslept, feelfelt, smellsmelt6. 含有

26、元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：singsang, givegave, sitsat, drinkdrank 一般现在时定义 一般现在时。表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。（很拗口，但是要学会就必须深刻体会） 基本结构构成表 肯定式 疑问式 否定式 否定疑问式I work. Do I work? I do not work. Do I not work?You work. Do you work? You do not work. Do you not work?We work. Do we work? We do not work

27、. Do we not work?They work. Do they work? They do not work. Do they not work?He(She,It) works. Does he(she,it) work? He(She,It) does not work. Does he(she,it) not work?口诀 当主语是第三人称单数时 肯定句 主语+动词三单+其他 否定句 主语+doesnt+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 Does+主语+动词原形+其他 肯定回答 Yes，主语+does 否定回答 No，主语+doesnt 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 当主语不是

28、第三人称单数时 肯定句 主语+动词原形+其他 否定句 主语+dont+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其他 用错结构全句都错，一定要注意。 第三人称单数变化规律 情况 构成方法? 读音? 例词?一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后读/z/ swim-swims； help-helps；like-likes 以o结尾的词 加-s或-es 读/z/ tomatoes；potatoes；photos以ce,se,ze,ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读/iz/ prices；cases；oranges以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 加 -es 读/iz/ teach-te

29、aches；bus-buses以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y 为i再加es 读/z/ study-studies 以f或fe结尾的词 去f或fe该加ves 读/iz/ wife-wives knife-knives leaf -leaves 具体用法表示 1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语： always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month, hardly, ever,never. e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. .表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。 e.g. I dont want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 3.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 e.g The earth moves around