英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx
《英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英语词汇学课后答案张维友编
【Chapter1】
7．tart:
loosewomanbloke:
fellow
gat:
pistolswell:
great
chicken:
cowardblue:
fight
smoky:
policefull:
drunk
dame:
womanbeaver:
girl
8.haply=perhapsalbeit=although
methinks=itseemstomeeke=also
sooth=truthmorn=morning
troth=pledgeere=before
quoth=saidhallowed=holy
billow=wave/theseabade=bid
12.
Denizens
Aliens
Translationloans
Semanticloans
kettle
die
wall
skirt
husband
confrere
propatria
Wunderkind
mikado
parvenu
chopstick
typhoon
blackhumour
longtimenosee
dream
【Chapter4】
Affixation
5.non-smokerincapableimpractical
disobeyinsecurityirrelevant
immatureinability/disabilityunofficially
unwillingnessillegaldisagreement
illogicaldisloyalinconvenient
non-athletic
6.hardenhorrifymodernize
memorizefalsifyapologize
deepenglorifysterilize
lengthenintensifybeautify
fattensympathize
a.apologizedb.beautifyc.lengthening
d.sympathizede.fattenf.falsify
g.memorizingh.Sterilize
7.a.employeeb.politicianc.participant
d.waitresse.conductorf.teacher
g.pianisth.examinee/examiner
8.
trans-=across:
transcontinental,trans-world
mono-=one:
monorail,monoculture
super-=over,above:
superstructure,supernatural
auto-=self:
autobiography,automobile
sub-=bad,badly:
malpractice,malnutrition
mini-=little,small:
minicrisis,miniwar
pre-=before:
prehistorical,preelection
ex-=former:
ex-teacher,ex-filmer
Compounding
heartbeat[S+V]brainwashing[V+O]
movie-goer[place+V]bakingpowder[V+adv]
far-reaching[V+Adv]dog-tired[adv+a]
lion-hearted[adv+a]love-sick[adv+a]
boyfriend[S+complement]peace-loving[V+O]
snapdecision[V+O]easychair[a+n]
on-coming[V+adv]tax-free[adv+a]
light-blue[a+a]goings-on[V+adv]
4.well-bred/well-behavedculture-bound/homebound
needlework/homeworkpraiseworthy/respectworthy
bar-woman/sportswomannation-wide/college-wide
clear-minded/strong-mindedmilitary-style/newstyle
self-control/self-respectbudget-related/politics-related
water-proof/fire-proofonce-fashionable/once-powerful
news-film/news-lettermock-attack/mock-sadness
sister-in-law/father-in-lawhome-baked/home-produced
half-way/half-doneever-lasting/ever-green
age-conscious/status-consciouscampus-based/market-based
Conversion
7.a.stomach[n→v]b.room[n→v]
c.wolf[n→v]d.come/go[v→n]
e.familiar[a→n]f.innocent[a→n]
g.flat[a→n]h.ah/ouch[int→v]
i.warm[a→n]j.has-been/might-have-been[finitev→n]
k.Hamlet[propern→v]l.buy[v→n]
m.smooth[a→v]
Blending
motel（motor+hotel） humint（human+intelligence）
advertisetics（advertisement+statistics）psywarrior（psychologicalwarrior）
hoverport（hovercraft+port）chunnel（channel+tunnel）
hi-fi（high+fidelity）cinemactress（cinema+actress）
Clipping
copter（helicopter）dorm（dormitory）
lab（laboratory）prefab（prefabricatedhouse）
gas（gasoline）prof（professor）
scope（telescope）champ（champion）
sarge（sergeant）mike（microphone）
ad（advertisement）tec（detective）
Acronymy
2.kg=kilogramft=footcf=confer
cm=centimeter$=dollar
ibid=ibidemetc.=etcetera
VIP=veryimportantperson
OPEC=OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries
TOEFL=teachingofEnglishasaforeignlanguage
3.a.SALTb.radarc.AIDSd.BASIC
e.Laserf.WHOg.sonarh.G-man
Backformation
2.lase（laser）
escalate（escalator）
babysit（babysitter）
peeve（peevish）
orate（orator）
commute（commuter）
CommonizationofProperNames
a.tantalize—Tantalus
b.Argus-eyed—Argus
c.narcissism—Narcissus
d.sabotage—sabots
e.martinet—Martinet
f.yahoo—Yahoo
g.Shylock—Shylock
h.hoovering—Hoover
i.utopia—Utopia
j.UncleTommism—UncleTom
【Chapter5】
6.apes—bbirds—a
cattle—mcricket—n
doves—cfoxes—j
geese—ksheep—f
wolves—gmonkeys—e
pigs—lhyenas—h
turkeys—dswans—i
9.a.Ascientistworkinginaprojecttodevelopindustrialusesfornuclearpowermighthaveall
thepositiveassociationswith“atomic”,suchas“benefit,energy”,etc.
b.AJapaneseresidentofHiroshima,victimoftheatomicexplosionattheendofWorldWarII,mighthaveallthenegativeassociationswith“atomic”,suchas“suffering,killing,death,horror",etc.
c.Toastudentofnuclearphysics,“atomic”mightbeassociatedwith“mystery,science,
knowledge”,etc.
10.talkative:
implyingafondnessfortalkingfrequentlyandatlength（neutral）
articulate:
expressingoneselfeasilyandclearly（positive）
gossip:
indulginginidletalkorrumoursaboutothers（negative）
rambling:
talkingaimlesslywithoutconnectionofideas（negative）
fluent:
speakingeasily,smoothly,andexpressively（positive）
mouthy:
overtlytalkative,especiallyinarudeway（nagative）
11.
No
Appreciative
Neutral
Pejorative
1
particular
fastidious/fussy
2
critical
fault-finding/picky
3
style/vogue
fad
4
artful
cunning/sly
5
unstable
fickle/capricious
6
developing
underdeveloped/backward
7
encourage/promote
instigate
8
group
clique/gang
14.bull[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]
cow[-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]
calf[-HUMAN+MALE-ADULT+BOVINE]
rooster[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]
hen[-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]
chicken[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]
-HUMAN
bull
cow
calf
+BOVINE
rooster
hen
chicken
+GALLINE
+MALE
-MALE
+ADULT
【Chapter6】
Polysemy
4.
Homonymy
4.1）Makebothendsmeatisaparodyofmakebothendsmeetwhichmeans“haveenoughmoneyforone’sneeds”.Herethebutchercleverlyusesthepairofhomonymsmeatandmeettomakeapun.Itmakesaproperanswertothelady’squestion.
（1）Butcherscannotmakebothendsmeat（makewholesausageswithallmeat）becausetheycannotmakebothendsmeet（Iftheymadesausageswithallmeat,whichismorecostly,theywouldnotearnenoughmoneytosurvive.）
（2）Don’tcomplain.Allthebutchersdothesame.Iamnottheonlyonewhoismakingsausageswithbread.
2）Swallowisabirdwhichisseeninsummer.Butbyoneswallowwesee,wecannotdeducethatitisalreadysummertime.Swallowcanalsomeanamouthfulofwine.Onacoldwinterday,ifonehasaswallowofwine,onemayfeelwarm.
3）armshastwomeanings:
weapons;thehumanupperlimbs.Since“acannonballtookoffhislegs”,thesoldierwasnotabletofighton,sohe“laiddownhisarms”,whichmeans“surrender”.Itcanalsomeanhelaiddownhisupperlimbs.
Synonymy
3.avaricious:
greedy
courteously:
politely
emancipate:
setfree
customary:
usual
width:
breadth
adversary:
opponent
gullible:
deceived
remainder:
residue
innocent:
sinless
obstacle:
obstruction
vexation:
annoyance
5.a.identifiableb.safety
c.motivatesd.delicate
e.surroundingsf.artificial
g.prestigeh.perspire
i.accomplishmentj.silent
k.impressivel.evaporate
6.runmovespin
turnwhirlroll
7.a.steadb.gee-geec.ripe
d.maturee.effectivef.efficient
g.fatigued,childrenh.tired,kids
i.declinedj.refusedk.rancid
l.addledm.Penaltiesn.fines
o.rebukedp.accused
Antonymy
5.a.similar/sameb.safe
c.sharp/smartd.send
e.stingy/selfishh.simple
f.significant/sensiblei.sure
g.skeptical/suspiciousl.smooth
j.slipshod/slovenly/sloppy
k.sleepiness/sleep/slumber
m.subjective
n.sob/scowl
6.a.old-fashionedb.completely
c.moistured.special
e.essentialf.similarity
g.innocenth.rigid
i.loosenj.clarity
k.desertedl.fruitful
m.peremptoryn.depressed
o.indifferent
7.a.feed—starve,cold-feverb.wisdom—follies
c.haste—leisured.penny—pound,wise—foolish
e.speech—silencef.absence—presence
g.admonish—praisei.wisemen—fools
h.young—oldprivate—publicsaint—devil
j.mind—bodyk.foul—fair
l.danger—securitym.deliberate--prompt
n.children—parentso.bully—coward
p.head—tail
8.right—wrongsingle—return
dry—sweethard—easy
strong—faintrough—calm
light—darkcold—warm
high—low/deep
Hyponymy
3.furniture:
desk,chair,table,bed
matter:
liquid,gas,solid
meat:
pork,beef,mutton
go:
run,fly,walk
4.professionworkplace
surgeon:
clinic,hospital
plumber:
house,building
lawyer:
office,lawcourts
mechanic:
garage
photographer:
studio
foreman:
worksite,factory
5.
6.InSentence1,got,furniture,recentlyaresuperordinatesbecausetheyaregeneralandconveyaveryvagueideawhereasinSentence2,thethreewordsarereplacedrespectivelybybought,cupboard,threedaysago,whicharesubordinates,conveyingadefiniteandclearidea.SoSentence2isbetterthanSentence1.
In3,itissaid,magnificentbuilding,destroyed,yesterdayaresuperordinateterms,whicharecomparativelymuchmoregeneralthanthenewssays,RoyalHotel,burntdown,lastnightrespectivelyin4,whichcanbedescribedassubordinates.Since4isclearerthan3inmeaning,itisbetter.
Semanticfield
3.Group1issynonymouslysemanticfieldandGroup2issemanticfiled.Thedifferencelies:
In1thewordsaresynonyms,noneofthemcoversthemeaningofanother,andtheydifferonlyinstyleandemotivevalues.In2thewordsarenotsynonyms,but
升级会员 