英语词汇学课后答案张维友编.docx

1、英语词汇学课后答案张维友编【Chapter 1】7 tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth =

2、said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid12. DenizensAliensTranslation loansSemantic loanskettlediewallskirthusbandconfrerepro patriaWunderkindmikadoparvenuchopsticktyphoonblack humourlong time no seedream【Chapter 4】Affixation5. non-smoker incapable impractical disobey insecurity irrele

3、vant immature inability/disability unofficially unwillingness illegal disagreement illogical disloyal inconvenient non-athletic6. harden horrify modernize memorize falsify apologize deepen glorify sterilize lengthen intensify beautify fatten sympathize a. apologized b. beautify c. lengthening d. sym

4、pathized e. fatten f. falsify g. memorizing h. Sterilize7. a. employee b. politician c. participant d. waitress e. conductor f. teacher g. pianist h. examinee/examiner8. trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-worldmono- = one: monorail, monoculturesuper- = over, above: superstructure, supernatural

5、auto- = self: autobiography, automobilesub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutritionmini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwarpre- = before: prehistorical, preelectionex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmer Compounding heartbeat S + V brainwashing V + O movie-goer place + V baking powder V +adv far- reac

6、hing V + Adv dog-tired adv + a lion-hearted adv + a love-sick adv + a boyfriend S + complement peace-loving V +O snap decision V + O easy chair a + n on-coming V +adv tax-free adv +a light-blue a + a goings-on V +adv4. well-bred/well-behaved culture-bound/homebound needle work/homework praiseworthy/

7、respectworthy bar-woman/sportswoman nation-wide/college-wide clear-minded/strong-minded military-style/newstyle self-control/self-respect budget-related/politics-related water-proof/fire-proof once-fashionable/once-powerful news-film/news-letter mock-attack/mock-sadness sister-in-law/father-in-law h

8、ome-baked/home-produced half-way/half-done ever-lasting/ever-green age-conscious/status-conscious campus-based/market-basedConversion7. a. stomach n v b. room n v c. wolf n v d. come/go v n e. familiar a n f. innocent a n g. flat a n h. ah/ ouch int v i. warm a n j. has-been/might-have-been finite v

9、 n k. Hamlet proper n v l. buy v n m. smooth a vBlendingmotel (motor + hotel) humint (human + intelligence)advertisetics (advertisement + statistics) psywarrior (psychological warrior)hoverport (hovercraft + port) chunnel (channel + tunnel) hi-fi (high + fidelity) cinemactress (cinema + actress)Clip

10、pingcopter (helicopter) dorm (dormitory)lab (laboratory) prefab (prefabricated house)gas (gasoline) prof (professor) scope (telescope) champ (champion) sarge (sergeant) mike (microphone) ad (advertisement) tec (detective)Acronymy2. kg = kilogram ft = foot cf = confercm = centimeter $ = dollar ibid =

11、 ibidem etc. = et cetera VIP = very important personOPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesTOEFL = teaching of English as a foreign language3. a. SALT b. radar c. AIDS d. BASICe. Laser f. WHO g. sonar h. G-manBackformation2. lase (laser)escalate (escalator)babysit (babysitter)peeve (pee

12、vish)orate (orator)commute (commuter)Commonization of Proper Namesa. tantalizeTantalus b. Argus-eyedArgus c. narcissismNarcissus d. sabotagesabotse. martinetMartinetf. yahooYahoo g. ShylockShylock h. hooveringHooveri. utopiaUtopia j. Uncle TommismUncle Tom 【Chapter 5】6. apesb birdsa cattlem cricketn

13、 dovesc foxesj geesek sheepf wolvesg monkeyse pigsl hyenash turkeysd swansi 9. a. A scientist working in a project to develop industrial uses for nuclear power might have all the positive associations with “atomic”, such as “benefit, energy”, etc. b. A Japanese resident of Hiroshima, victim of the a

14、tomic explosion at the end of World War II, might have all the negative associations with “atomic”, such as “suffering, killing, death, horror, etc. c. To a student of nuclear physics, “atomic” might be associated with “mystery, science, knowledge”, etc. 10. talkative: implying a fondness for talkin

15、g frequently and at length (neutral) articulate: expressing oneself easily and clearly (positive) gossip: indulging in idle talk or rumours about others (negative) rambling: talking aimlessly without connection of ideas (negative) fluent: speaking easily, smoothly, and expressively (positive) mouthy

16、: overtly talkative, especially in a rude way (nagative)11.NoAppreciativeNeutralPejorative1particularfastidious/fussy2criticalfault-finding/picky3style/voguefad4artful cunning/sly5unstablefickle/capricious6developingunderdeveloped/ backward7encourage/ promoteinstigate8groupclique/gang14. bull -HUMAN

17、 +MALE +ADULT +BOVINE cow -HUMAN -MALE +ADULT +BOVINE calf -HUMAN +MALE -ADULT +BOVINE rooster -HUMAN +MALE +ADULT +GALLINE hen -HUMAN -MALE +ADULT +GALLINE chicken -HUMAN +MALE +ADULT +GALLINE -HUMANbullcowcalf+BOVINEroosterhenchicken+GALLINE+MALE-MALE+ADULT【Chapter 6】Polysemy4.Homonymy4. 1) Make b

18、oth ends meat is a parody of make both ends meet which means “have enough money for ones needs”. Here the butcher cleverly uses the pair of homonyms meat and meet to make a pun. It makes a proper answer to the ladys question. (1) Butchers cannot make both ends meat (make whole sausages with all meat

19、) because they cannot make both ends meet (If they made sausages with all meat, which is more costly, they would not earn enough money to survive.)( 2) Dont complain. All the butchers do the same. I am not the only one who is making sausages with bread. 2) Swallow is a bird which is seen in summer.

20、But by one swallow we see, we cannot deduce that it is already summer time. Swallow can also mean a mouthful of wine. On a cold winter day, if one has a swallow of wine, one may feel warm. 3) arms has two meanings: weapons; the human upper limbs. Since “a cannon ball took off his legs”, the soldier

21、was not able to fight on, so he “laid down his arms”, which means “surrender”. It can also mean he laid down his upper limbs.Synonymy3. avaricious: greedy courteously: politely emancipate: set free customary: usual width: breadth adversary: opponent gullible: deceived remainder: residue innocent: si

22、nless obstacle: obstruction vexation: annoyance5. a. identifiable b. safety c. motivates d. delicate e. surroundings f. artificial g. prestige h. perspire i. accomplishment j. silent k. impressive l. evaporate6. run move spin turn whirl roll7. a. stead b. gee-gee c. ripe d. mature e. effective f. ef

23、ficient g. fatigued, children h. tired, kids i. declined j. refused k. rancid l. addled m. Penalties n. fines o. rebuked p. accusedAntonymy5. a. similar/same b. safe c. sharp/ smart d. send e. stingy/ selfish h. simple f. significant/sensible i. sure g. skeptical/ suspicious l. smooth j. slipshod/ s

24、lovenly/ sloppy k. sleepiness/ sleep / slumber m. subjective n. sob/ scowl6. a. old-fashioned b. completely c. moisture d. special e. essential f. similarity g. innocent h. rigid i. loosen j. clarity k. deserted l. fruitful m. peremptory n. depressed o. indifferent 7. a. feedstarve, cold-fever b. wi

25、sdomfollies c. hasteleisure d. pennypound, wisefoolish e. speechsilence f. absencepresence g. admonishpraise i. wise menfools h. youngold privatepublic saintdevil j. mindbody k. foulfair l. dangersecurity m. deliberate-prompt n. childrenparents o. bullycoward p. headtail 8. rightwrong singlereturn d

26、rysweet hardeasy strongfaint roughcalm lightdark coldwarm highlow/deep Hyponymy3. furniture: desk, chair, table, bed matter: liquid, gas, solid meat: pork, beef, mutton go: run, fly, walk4. profession workplace surgeon: clinic, hospital plumber: house, building lawyer: office, law courts mechanic: g

27、arage photographer: studio foreman: worksite, factory5. 6. In Sentence 1, got, furniture, recently are superordinates because they are general and convey a very vague idea whereas in Sentence 2, the three words are replaced respectively by bought, cupboard, three days ago, which are subordinates, co

28、nveying a definite and clear idea. So Sentence 2 is better than Sentence 1. In 3, it is said, magnificent building, destroyed, yesterday are superordinate terms, which are comparatively much more general than the news says, Royal Hotel, burnt down, last night respectively in 4, which can be describe

29、d as subordinates. Since 4 is clearer than 3 in meaning, it is better.Semantic field3. Group 1 is synonymously semantic field and Group 2 is semantic filed. The difference lies: In 1 the words are synonyms, none of them covers the meaning of another, and they differ only in style and emotive values. In 2 the words are not synonyms, but