急诊医学复习题.docx

急诊医学复习题.docx

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急诊医学复习题

急诊医学复习题

一．A型题，每题1分  

  （7）.西医急诊治疗中院前急救时，下列哪项是正确的    （  ）    

A．救护触电人员时，应尽快直接用手拉开病员，以脱离电源                  

B．在毒气现场，戴好口罩即可进入现场救人                            

C．院前急救应尽量多借助于先进的医疗设备                            

D．发现急症病人，立即送往医院，然后诊治                            

E．快速掌握伤员的生命体征及伤情                                

（8）.下列病人中优先处理的是（）                                

A．上臂骨折                                              

B．头皮挫伤                                              

C．开放性（或张力性）气胸                                      

D．尿道损伤                                              

E．轻度脑外伤                                         

（2）.下列关于心源性休克的治疗，哪项不正确   （  ）                        

A．严重低血压应用多巴酚酊胺，还可能需要其他缩血管药                    

B．去甲肾上腺素的主要作用是使血流再分配到心和脑                      

C．多巴胺是降低心源性休克死亡率的最有效药物                        

D．心肌病心力衰竭时，氨力农可增加心输出量                          

E．右室梗塞所致休克，应补充血容量                                

（3）.氰化物中毒的解毒药是  （  ）                              

A．阿托品                                                

B．亚甲蓝                                                

C．亚硝酸钠                                              

D．巯基络合剂                                            

E．解磷定                                                

（1）.请问药品西地兰属于哪一类（）                                

A．中枢神经兴奋剂           

B．强心药物                                              

C．血管扩张剂

D．抗心律失常药                                              

E．抗胆碱药     

（4）.冰水浸浴降温后，肛温回升到多少度以上时，应再行浸浴（）              

A．38℃                                                

B．38．5℃                                              

C．39℃                                                

D．39．5℃                                              

E．40℃                                                

（5）.关于鼻插管的说法，错误的是  （  ）                          

A．易于放置                                              

B．适用于病性稳定的成人和儿童                                  

C．重量轻，不易耐受                                        

D．不易牢固固定，易脱出                                      

E．鼻粘膜水肿时影响氧释放                                    

（6）.成人首次胸内房颤电击的功率为                                

A．2ws                                                

B．5ws                                                

C．7ws                                                  

D．10ws                                                

E．15ws                                                

（9）.心脏复跳后的后续处理哪项最正确 （  ）                              

A．稳定循环功能                                            

B．调整酸碱平衡                                            

C．防治脑水肿                                            

D．防治MSOF                                              

E．以上均是                                              

（10）.下列减慢心率的药物中，哪一项不刺激迷走神经反射 （  ）                    

A．地高辛                                                

B．新斯的明                                              

C．腾喜龙                                                

D．甲氧明                                                

E．维拉帕米                                              

（11）.重度有机磷农药中毒时，胆碱酯酶活性在  （  ）                    

A．15％以下                                              

B．30％以下                                              

C．40％以下                                              

D．50％以下                                              

E．60％以下                                              

（12）.病人在烈日下进行体力活动2小时，大量出汗，口渴，并出现胸闷、心悸、 恶心、呕吐等症，腋温38℃，脉搏105次／分，血压12．0／6．7kPa（90／50mmHg）。

此时最佳抢救措施为（）                              

A．转移至通风、阴凉处                                        

B．口服大量清凉饮料                                        

C．冰水浸浴                                              

D．5％葡萄糖盐水500ml快速静脉滴人                                

E．5％碳酸氢钠200—250ml静滴                                  

（13）.婴儿控制性氧疗最好用  （  ）   

A．简单面罩                                              

B．塑料头帽                                              

C．空气稀释喷雾面罩                                        

D．氧帐                                                

E．早产儿保育器                                            

（14）.下列哪部书开创了急诊辨证论治的先河，并创造性地提出应用人工呼吸的方法抢救自缢病人?

  （  ）                                    

A．春秋战国时期的《黄帝内经》                                  

B．汉代的《神农本草经》                                      

C．东汉张仲景的《伤寒杂病论》                                  

D．东晋葛洪的《肘后备急方》                                    

E．唐朝孙思邈的《备急千金要方》                                

（15）.我国急救医学起步于 （  ）                                      

A．20世纪80年代                                            

B．20世纪60年代                                            

C．20世纪50年代                                            

D．19世纪50年代                                            

E．19世纪40年代                                            

（16）.判断心跳呼吸骤停简便可靠的依据是  （  ）                      

A．突然意识丧失，颈动脉无搏动                                  

B．无心音                                                

C．瞳孔散大                                              

D．无血压                                                

E．呼吸变慢                                              

（17）.关于ARDS诊断依据，下列哪项不正确 （  ）                            

A．在基础疾病过程中发生进行性呼吸窘迫                            

B．PaO2／FiO2＜2000mmHg                                      

C．肺泡气与动脉氧分压差（PA-aDO2）及肺内分流量增加                    

D．呼吸频率开始快，后来逐渐减慢                                

E．X线示两肺边缘模糊或斑片状阴影                                

（18）.下列哪项不是急性乙醇中毒患者血液透析指征  （  ）                       

A．血中乙醇含量大于500mg／dl                                  

B．伴酸中毒                                              

C．同时服用甲醇                                            

D．同时服用安眠药                                          

E．病人昏睡，颜面苍白，瞳孔扩大                                

（19）.对重症中暑患者进行降温治疗时，体温宜控制在（  ）                       

A．35℃左右     

B．36℃左右                                              

C．37℃左右                                              

D．38℃左右                                              

E．39℃左右                                              

（20）.关于电除颤，哪一项是错误的   （  ）                              

A．是目前治疗室颤惟一有效的方法                                

B．若不能将细颤转为粗颤，治疗效果则不佳                            

C．异丙肾上腺素可将多数细颤转为粗颤                              

D．成人胸外电除颤所需电压为200J                                

E．若一次除颤不成功，应加大电流再试                              

（21）.院前急救首先应（）                                      

A．建立有效的循环和呼吸                                      

B．向急救中心通报患者情况                                    

C．握搬运技术把患者运上救护车                                  

D．在途中连续监护                                          

E．以上均是                                              

（22）.突发性的人员伤亡应立即组织人员赶赴现场，紧急救护首先应做好（）        

A．寻找并救护伤员                                          

B．检伤分类                                              

C．现场急救                                              

D．运输和疏散伤员                                          

E．以上均是                                              

（23）.对全脑缺血的脑保护效应最确切的措施是   （  ）                        

A．氧自由基清除剂                                          

B．钙通道阻滞剂                                            

C．低温                                                

D．巴比妥酸盐                                            

E．兴奋性氨基酸桔抗剂