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专题十三　社会文化类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

（2018安徽合肥二模）

Intoday’ssociety,languageplaysakeyroleindefininggender（性别）byvocabulary,andalsotheirnon-verbal（非语言的）vocabulary.Eachoneofthesedifferenttypesofwaysofcommunicatingisobviouslydifferentbetweenmenandwomen.

Manydifferentstudiesshowthatmentendtotalkmuchmorethanwomen.Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen;thisisduetothefactthatwomentendtobeinterruptedmoreoftenthanmenare,andalsohavetheabilitytospeakmoreclearly,precisely,andmorequicklythanmen.Inonestudyitwasfoundthatwomenspokeforanaverageofthreeminutesdescribingapainting,asopposedtothethirteen-minuteaverageittookmentodescribeit.

Menandwomenalsotendtohaveaverydifferentnon-verbalwayofcommunicating,whichcanalsomakeitveryhardforoneanothertounderstandwhattheoppositesexistryingtosay.Men’sbodylanguageismuchmorereservedwhentalkingtowomen.Mentendnottomakeasmucheyecontactandtheygenerallystayfartherawayfromwomenwhentalkingtothem.Menavoidotherpeople’sbodyspacewhiletalking,andtheyalsotendtositbackwhentalking.Allofthesehavegivenofftheimpressionofdisinterestorboredom.Womenarebyfarbetterlistenersandmuchmoreenjoyabletotalkwithandtheytendtoraisemoretopicsforconversation.

Womenalsomakeitclearerwhetherornottheconversationisgoingsomewhereorjuststuckinneutral.Afterlearningaboutourstylesofcommunicatingwitheachother,Ihavedecidedthatalthoughmenhavenotquitemasteredcommunicating,whatfunwoulditbeifweallspokethesame“language”?

Thelittlegamesmenandwomenplaywitheachotherwhileconversingwouldbelost.Thequestioneveryoneaskshimselforherselfaftertalkingwithsomeoneoftheoppositesex,“Iwonderifthere’ssomethingthere?

”wouldnolongerexist.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,讲述的是“相反的性别,不同的语言”。

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?

A.Thedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’slanguages.

B.Thedifferentspeedofmen’sandwomen’sspeech.

C.Theabilityofmen’sandwomen’sspokenlanguage.

D.Thenon-verbalvocabularyofmenandwomen.

答案B

解析词义指代题。

根据第二段第一、二句“Manydifferentstudiesshowthatmentendtotalkmuchmorethanwomen.Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen...”可知许多不同的研究表明,男人比女人更爱说话。

事实证明,女性说话速度比男性快。

再根据第二段下文“...thisisduetothefactthatwomentendtobeinterruptedmoreoftenthanmenare,andalsohavetheabilitytospeakmoreclearly,precisely,andmorequicklythanmen.”可知这是由于女性比男性更容易被打断,而且她们比男性更清楚、更准确、更迅速地说话。

由此推知,此处this指的是男人和女人说话的速度不同。

故选B项。

2.Inwhatwaydomenandwomendifferaccordingtothethirdparagraph?

A.Speedofunderstanding.

B.Understandingofspeechroles.

C.Politenessofcommunication.

D.Applicationofbodylanguage.

答案D

解析细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句“Menandwomenalsotendtohaveaverydifferentnon-verbalwayofcommunicating...”可知男人和女人也有一种非常不同的非语言交流方式,故选D项。

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’scommunication?

A.Cautious.B.Favorable.

C.Ambiguous.D.Skeptical.

答案B

解析推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Afterlearningaboutourstylesofcommunicatingwitheachother,Ihavedecidedthatalthoughmenhavenotquitemasteredcommunicating,whatfunwoulditbeifweallspokethesame‘language’?

”可知,作者对男女之间的沟通差异是赞同的。

故选B项。

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Women,bornexcellenttalkers

B.Men’sandwomen’ssocialroles

C.Vocabularyandcommunication

D.Oppositegender,differentlanguage

答案D

解析主旨大意题。

根据第一段“Intoday’ssociety,languageplaysakeyroleindefininggender（性别）byvocabulary,andalsotheirnon-verbal（非语言的）vocabulary.Eachoneofthesedifferenttypesofwaysofcommunicatingisobviouslydifferentbetweenmenandwomen.”和最后一段最后一句“Thequestioneveryoneaskshimselforherselfaftertalkingwithsomeoneoftheoppositesex,‘Iwonderifthere’ssomethingthere?

’wouldnolongerexist.”可知,本文的主题是“相反的性别,不同的语言”。

故选D项。

B

（2018安徽安庆二模）

OnFriday,Germany’stelecomregulator（电信业管理者）,theFederalNetworkAgency,announcedthatanumberofchildren’ssmartwatches,designedforages5to12,canallowsomeonetoremotelytapintothewatch’smicrophoneandsecretlyspyfromremoteplaces.Theregulatorisn’tjustworriedaboutthepotentialofpeoplespyingonchildren—it’sworriedthedevices（设备）canbeusedtospyonanyone.

AndinGermany,it’sillegaltorecordprivateconversationswithoutpermission.Accordingtoourinvestigations,parentswereusingthewatches,forexample,tolisteninontheirchildrenduringclass,saidFederalNetworkAgencyPresidentJochenHomanninastatement.

Smartwatchesthatmakephonecalls,liketheAppleWatch,arelegalinGermany.Theproblemwithmanyofthechildren’ssmartwatches,however,isthatthedeviceshaveaclassicspyingfunction,similartoababymonitor,whichcanbeeasilyactivated（激活）justbyusinganapp.

TheGermanregulatorissoseriousaboutdestroyingthesedevices.It’saskingcitizenstodocumentthewatches’destructionandfileevidenceonline.Oncethewatchesaredestroyed,theregulatorwillprovidea“certificateofdestruction,”confirmingthedeedwasdone.

Thisisn’tthefirsttimetheFederalNetworkAgencytoldGermancitizenstodestroyaconsumerdevice.Theregulatoronceprohibitedthedoll“MyFriendCayla”,whichwasfittedwithradiotransformingtechnologythatcouldallowchildrentobespiedon.

Remindtechproducers:

TheGermangovernmentwon’tjustbandevicesthatcanspyonanyone.They’lldemandthedevicesbedestroyedwithhammers（orwhatevermeansofdestructiononeprefers）—evenifthey’redolls.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。

德国政府要求家长“毁掉”孩子的智能手表。

就在中国父母们还在为孩子选择哪种智能手表而纠结时,德国政府已经全面封杀儿童智能手表,并要求国人毁掉已有的智能手表。

在德国联邦网络局看来,儿童智能手表和智能娃娃都是“间谍设备”。

5.WhyistheFederalNetworkAgencyconcernedaboutchildren’ssmartwatches?

A.Theyaretooexpensivetoafford.

B.Theycan’tbeusedinremoteplaces.

C.Theyareharmfultochildren’shealth.

D.Theycanbeusedtowatchanyoneinsecret.

答案D

解析细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句“OnFriday,Germany’stelecomregulator（电信业管理者）,theFederalNetworkAgency,announcedthatanumberofchildren’ssmartwatches,designedforages5to12,canallowsomeonetoremotelytapintothewatch’smicrophoneandsecretlyspyfromremoteplaces.”可知,它们可以被用来秘密监视任何人。

故答案为D项。

6.Howcanasmartwatch’sspyingfunctionbeperformed?

A.Byusinganapp.B.Byusingababymonitor.

C.Byfixingadevice.D.Bydownloadingsoftware.

答案A

解析细节理解题。

根据第三段中“whichcanbeeasilyactivated（激活）justbyusinganapp.”可知,智能手表的监视功能可以通过应用程序来实现。

故选A项。

7.Whatwillcitizensgetafterdestroyingthewatches?

A.Adocument.B.Adoll.

C.Acertificate.D.Aprize.

答案C

解析细节理解题。

根据第四段中“Oncethewatchesaredestroyed,theregulatorwillprovidea‘certificateofdestruction’...”可知,在毁坏了这些手表之后,人们会得到一个证书。

可知答案为C项。

8.WhatcanweinferabouttheGermangovernment’sattitudetochildren’ssmartwatches?

A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.

C.Acceptable.D.Unbearable.

答案D

解析推理判断题。

根据最后一段“TheGermangovernmentwon’tjustbandevicesthatcanspyonanyone.They’lldemandthedevicesbedestroyedwithhammers（orwhatevermeansofdestructiononeprefers）—evenifthey’redolls.”德国政府不仅会禁用那些给监视监听打开方便之门的设备,他们还会要求人们用锤子（或随便其他什么破坏工具）砸烂这些设备——就算是玩具娃娃也不会放过。

由此可知,德国政府对智能手表的态度是不能容忍的。

故选D项。

C

（2018安徽江淮十校第二次联考）

ThelastthingCaitlinHippwouldhaveexpectedasshepreparedtoturn28yearsoldwastobelivingathomewithherparents.Allshe’severwantedtodoistobecomeanelementaryschoolteacher.However,Hipphasrackedup（累计）$100,000（about0.67millionyuan）instudentloandebtandisn’tabletoearnenoughthroughworkingasapart-timeskatinginstructorandrestaurantservertoliveanywhereotherthanhome. 

Tosomedegree,multigenerationalhouseholdshavealwaysbeenapartofAmericanlife.However,thenumberofadultswhohavebeenmovingbackinwiththeirparentsorneverleavinghomeinthefirstplacehasbeengrowingsteadily.

ThePewResearchCenterrecentlyreportedthat2016wasamilestoneintheevolvinglivingarrangementsofyoungadultsintheUS.Until2016,themostcommonlivingarrangementforyoungadultswastobelivingintheirownpropertyaspartofacouple.UBSFinancialServices,aSwissglobalfinancialservicescompany,releasedareportthatevensuggestsonereasonforthegrowingnumberofyoungadultsstilllivingathomecouldbethattheirfamilydoesn’twantthemtoleave.Thereportshowsthat74percentofmillennials（千禧一代）getsomekindoffinancialsupportfromtheirparentsaftercollege.Millennialsseetheirparentsaspeers,friendsandmentors（导师）.Inreturn,theirparentshappilyprovidefinancialsupportwellintoadulthood,helpingfundeverythingforthem.StuartHoffman,chiefeconomistforthePNCFinancialGroupintheUS,said“Althoughjobgrowthformillennialssince2014hasimproved,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatmillennialsarestartingtoflythenest,”hesaid.“Theymaylikelivingathomeandbeingabletosavemoney.”

Headded,“Whileithasheldbackhouseholdformationandpurchasesonthings,theyareprobablytravelingmoreandeatingoutmore.Idon’tknowifitrepresentsachangeinmoralvalues.It’smuchmorecommonforadultchildrentoliveintheirparents’homesbecauseit’sbecomingpartoftheculture.”

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

在西方的传统观念中,成年即意味着要离开父母,独立生活。

然而现在,越来越多的西方年轻人更倾向于与父母同住。

9.What’sthepurposeofCaitlinHipp’sstory?

A.Toprovetheauthor’sview.

B.Tointroducehersituation.

C.Topresentthetopic.

D.Tomakereadersrethinkabouttheproblem.

答案C

解析推理判断题。

在西方的传统观念中,成年即意味着要离开父母,独立生活。

然而现在,越来越多的西方年轻人更倾向于与父母同住……。

作者在第一段讲述CaitlinHipp的故事,就是为了引出本文话题,“在某种程度上,几代同堂一直都是美国人生活的一部分。

然而,搬回来和父母同住、或从一开始就没离开过家的成年人数量正稳步上升。

”故选C项。

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart（Paragraph1）probablyreferto?

A.Livewithparents.B.Liveindependently.

C.Stayat