大学四级模拟1103.docx

大学四级模拟1103.docx

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大学四级模拟1103

大学英语四级考试模拟试卷（七）

PartⅠWriting

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayentitledOnConservingEnergy.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1．能源短缺问题已经非常严重；

2．可以采取节能措解决能源短缺问题；

3．你的看法。

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

ARoofoverOurHeads

Manhasthreebasicneeds:

food,clothing,andshelter.Ifamanlivesinawarmclimate,clothingisnotabsolutelynecessary.However,mancannotlivewithoutfood,and,hehaslittlechanceofsurvivalwithoutshelter.Mankindneedssheltertoprotecthimfromtheweather,wildanimals,insects,andhisenemies.

Longbeforemanlearnedhowtobuildhouses,helookedfornaturalshelters,astheanimalsdid.Hefoundthathecouldprotecthimselfbyclimbingupintotreesorbycrouchingundertheover-hangingedgesofcliffs,orbycrawlingintocaves.Thefirstsheltersorhomesactuallybuiltbymanwereverysimple.Forhisbuildingmaterials,heusedwhathecouldfindeasilyaroundhim:

rocks,treebranches,driedgrasses,animalskins.Itwasalongtime,however,beforemanbegantobuildpermanentsheltersbecause,untilmanlearnedtofarm,helivedbyhunting.And,inordertofollowgame,hehadtobeabletomovefromonehuntinggroundtoanother.Thus,thefirstman-madeshelterswerethosethatcouldbeeasilytransported.

Thefirstpermanentshelterswereprobablybuilttwentytofortythousandyearsagobyfisheatingpeoplewholivedinoneplaceaslongasthefishsupplylasted.Fish-eaterscouldstayinoneplaceforseveralyears.However,oncemanlearnedtofarm,hecouldlivelongerinoneplace.Thus,hewasabletobuildapermanenthome.Onceagain,hebuilthishomewiththematerialshefoundathand.InEgypt,forexample,woodwasscarce,somosthouseswerebuiltofbricksmadeofdriedmud,witharoofsupportedbypalmtreeminks.

WhentheNorsemencamefromScandinaviatonorthernEurope,theyfoundmanyforests,sotheybuilthomeswithaframeworkofheavytreethinksandtheyfilledthespacebetweenthetrunkswithclay.TheEskimos,ontheotherhand,livedinalandwheretherewaslittleornowood.Theylearnedtoadapttheirhomesperfectlytotheirsurroundings.Inthewintertime,wheneverythingwascoveredwithsnowandice,theEskimosbuilttheirhomeswithblocksofice.Whenthewarmweathercameandmeltedtheice,theEskimoslivedinatentmadeofanimalskins.

Theweatherisman'sworstnaturalenemy.Hehastoprotecthimselffromextremesofheatandcoldandfromstorms,windandrain.

Wheretheweatherishotanddry,thehouseisgenerallymadeofclaybrick.Thewindowsaresmallandhighup,sothattheheatstaysoutside.Thereisoftenaflatroof,wherepeoplecanfindacoolplacetosleep.Inhot,humidareas,ontheotherhand,peopleneedtobeprotectedfromtherain,aswellastheheat.Insuchplaces,housesarebuiltwithwide,overhangingroofs,balconiesorverandas（走廊）.

Wheretherearetorrentialrains,housesareeitherbuiltonpilestokeepthemofftheground,ortheyhavesteepthatched（草屋顶的）roofstodrainofftherain.PeoplelivingintheCongoRiverregionhavefoundthatsteep,heavily-thatchedroofsdrainoffthejunglerainsmorequickly.OtherpeopleinAfricahavefoundthataroofofbroadleavesshedsrainquickly.

InBorneo,housesarebuiltonhighpoststoprotectpeoplefromdampness.AndtherearetribesinMalayawhobuildtheirhomesintheforkedbranchesoftrees,andclimbuptotheirhousesonbambooladders.

Innortherncountries,peoplebuildhousestoprotectthemselvesfromcoldandsnow.Theirhousesarebuiltofsturdymaterials,andtheroofsaresteep,sothatthesnowwillslideoff.Therearealsooverhangingeaves（屋檐）tokeepthesnowfrompilingupnexttothehouse.And,innorthernSiberia,wheresnowfallisextremelyheavy,theroofsevenhaveafunnel-shaped（漏半状的）platformtoprotectthechimneysfromdriftingsnow.

Protectionfromdangerhasalsoinfluencedthetypeofhousemanbuilds.Whenenemiesthreatenedhim,manmadehishouseasinaccessibleaspossible.Thetree-dwellersofthePhilippinesprotectthemselvesbylivinghighabovetheground.Whendangerthreatens,theyremovetheladdersleadingtotheirhomes.ThecliffdwellersoftheAmericanSouthwestbuilttheirhomeshighuponthesidesofcliffs,whereaccesswasverydifficult.

Nomad（游牧的）tribesmustmovefromplacetoplace,takingcareofflocksofsheepthatarealwaysinneedoffreshgrass.Theirhousesmustbesimpleandeasytotransport.ThenomadsofcentralAsiahavedevelopedahousemadeofaframeworkofpolescoveredwithfelt（毛毡）.Thehouseisroundbecausetheframeworkiscurved.Thepolesarefastenedtogetheratthetopwithawoodenring,andthereisaholeatthetoptoletthesmokeout.

InEuropethereareveryfewwoodenhousesbeingbuilttoday.Thisispartlybecausewoodisnolongerasplentifulasitoncewas,andpartlybecausewoodenhousesarequiteinflammable（易燃的）.Ontheotherhand,therearemanywoodenhousesinAmerica.Thisisbecausethefirstsettlerswantedtobuildhousesquicklyandinexpensively.Sincethecountrywascoveredinmanyplaceswithforests,sometreeshadtobecutdowntomakeroomforhouses.

Housesinmanycitiesusedtobemadeofwood.However,sincethehouseswereveryclosetogether,firecouldeasilyspreadfromonehousetoanother.Thereweredisastrousfiresinsomecities,suchasthegreatfireofLondonin1666.Whentheburned-outcitieswererebuilt,woodwasstillusedfortheframesandtheroofs,butstonesorbrickswereusedforwalls.

Therearesomanypeoplelivinginsomecitiesthatitisoftenverydifficulttofindaplacetolive,andifonedoesfindaplaceitisoftentoosmall.Andmanyofthehousesaretoooldanduncomfortable.Justasinprehistorictimes,findingagoodplacetolivecontinuestobeoneofman'smosturgentproblems.

1.Whatdoesthepassagefocuson?

A）Man'sthreebasicneeds.B）Developmentofroofs.

C）Man'sself-protectionmethods.D）Man'sneedforhousing.

2.Whoprobablybuiltthefirstpermanentshelters?

A）Fish-eaters.B）Hunters.C）Lumbermen.D）Farmers.

3.WheredotheEskimosliveinwinter?

A）Intentsmadeofanimalskins.B）Inwoodedhousescoveredbyice.

C）Inhousesmadeoficeblocks.D）Insnow-coveredhollowtreetrunks.

4.What'sthemainfunctionofsteepthatchedroofs?

A）Tokeepoffextraheat.B）Toshedjunglerains.

C）Tobeautifythebuildings.D）Toshowoffowners'wealth.

5.WhydidthecliffdwellersoftheAmericanSouthwestbuildtheirhomessohighup?

A）Toprotectthemselvesfromenemies.B）Tohaveagoodviewofthevalleybelow.

C）Togetmoresunshineandfreshair.D）Toescapefromtheurbannoise.

6.WhatdisasterstruckLondonin1666?

A）War.B）Earthquake.C）Flood.D）Greatfire.

7.Whaturgentproblemdosomecity-dwellersstillhavetofacenow?

A）Findingasafeplacetolivein.B）Findingaquietplacetolivein.

C）Findingacomfortableplacetolivein.D）Findingamodernplacetolivein.

8.Thefirstman-madeshelterscouldbeeasily______.

9.TheNorsemenbuilthomeswith______andfilledthespacewithclay.

10.ThehousebuiltbyNomadsofCentralAsiaisroundbecause______.

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Canmoneybuyhappiness?

Yes,（47）theauthorsofanewstudy--butonlyuptoapoint.

Psychologyhasshownthatricherpeoplegenerallyranktheoverallqualityoftheirlivesmore（48）thanpoorerpeopledo.Atthesametime,theiractualhappinessseemstobe（49）lessbytheirabilitytobuymorethanbybeingabletokeepupwiththosewithcomparableresourcesintheirownagegroup.

"Ourfindingspointtothepossibilitythat,ratherthanpromotingoverallhappiness,continuedincomegrowthcould（50）anongoingconsumptionracewherepeoplehavetoconsumemoreandmore,justtomaintaina（51）levelofhappiness,"writesGlennFirebaughofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.

Thestudywas（52）attheAmericanSociologicalAssociation's100thAnnualMeeting.Whetherthericharehappierasawholethantheirless（53）fellowsisbecominganincreasinglyhottopicfordebate.Recentyearshave（54）manywritingsonthe"scienceofhappiness."

Richerpeoplearehappierbecausemoneycanhelppurchasegoodsandservicesanditisthe（55）ofthesematerialsthatincreasesone'senjoymentoflifeandone'ssenseofwell-being.

Firebaughandhiscolleaguesmeasuredtheage,totalfamilyincome,andgeneralhappinessof（56）aged20to54,generallyconsideredtheworkinglifespan（工作寿命）formostAmericans.

Regardlessofsuchstandardsasphysicalhealth,education,andmaritalstatus（婚姻状况）,people'shappinesswasaffectedbywhatothersearned.Thehighertheincomeofothersinone'sagegroup,thelowerone'shappiness.

A）constantB）wealthyC）claimD）deny

E）motivatedF）consumptionG）consequentlyH）implement

I）automaticJ）presentedK）witnessedL）rejected

M）individualsN）favorablyO）challenging

SectionB

Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thepresidento