大学四级模拟1103.docx

1、大学四级模拟1103大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(七)Part WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled On Conserving Energy. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1能源短缺问题已经非常严重；2可以采取节能措解决能源短缺问题；3你的看法。Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and S

2、canning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the

3、 passage.A Roof over Our HeadsMan has three basic needs: food, clothing, and shelter. If a man lives in a warm climate, clothing is not absolutely necessary. However, man cannot live without food, and, he has little chance of survival without shelter. Mankind needs shelter to protect him from the we

4、ather, wild animals, insects, and his enemies.Long before man learned how to build houses, he looked for natural shelters, as the animals did. He found that he could protect himself by climbing up into trees or by crouching under the over-hanging edges of cliffs, or by crawling into caves. The first

5、 shelters or homes actually built by man were very simple. For his building materials, he used what he could find easily around him: rocks, tree branches, dried grasses, animal skins. It was a long time, however, before man began to build permanent shelters because, until man learned to farm, he liv

6、ed by hunting. And, in order to follow game, he had to be able to move from one hunting ground to another. Thus, the first man-made shelters were those that could be easily transported.The first permanent shelters were probably built twenty to forty thousand years ago by fish eating people who lived

7、 in one place as long as the fish supply lasted. Fish-eaters could stay in one place for several years. However, once man learned to farm, he could live longer in one place. Thus, he was able to build a permanent home. Once again, he built his home with the materials he found at hand. In Egypt, for

8、example, wood was scarce, so most houses were built of bricks made of dried mud, with a roof supported by palm tree minks.When the Norsemen came from Scandinavia to northern Europe, they found many forests, so they built homes with a framework of heavy tree thinks and they filled the space between t

9、he trunks with clay. The Eskimos, on the other hand, lived in a land where there was little or no wood. They learned to adapt their homes perfectly to their surroundings. In the winter time, when everything was covered with snow and ice, the Eskimos built their homes with blocks of ice. When the war

10、m weather came and melted the ice, the Eskimos lived in a tent made of animal skins.The weather is mans worst natural enemy. He has to protect himself from extremes of heat and cold and from storms, wind and rain.Where the weather is hot and dry, the house is generally made of clay brick. The window

11、s are small and high up, so that the heat stays outside. There is often a flat roof, where people can find a cool place to sleep. In hot, humid areas, on the other hand, people need to be protected from the rain, as well as the heat. In such places, houses are built with wide, overhanging roofs, bal

12、conies or verandas (走廊).Where there are torrential rains, houses are either built on piles to keep them off the ground, or they have steep thatched (草屋顶的) roofs to drain off the rain. People living in the Congo River region have found that steep, heavily-thatched roofs drain off the jungle rains mor

13、e quickly. Other people in Africa have found that a roof of broad leaves sheds rain quickly.In Borneo, houses are built on high posts to protect people from dampness. And there are tribes in Malaya who build their homes in the forked branches of trees, and climb up to their houses on bamboo ladders.

14、In northern countries, people build houses to protect themselves from cold and snow. Their houses are built of sturdy materials, and the roofs are steep, so that the snow will slide off. There are also overhanging eaves (屋檐) to keep the snow from piling up next to the house. And, in northern Siberia

15、, where snowfall is extremely heavy, the roofs even have a funnel-shaped (漏半状的) platform to protect the chimneys from drifting snow.Protection from danger has also influenced the type of house man builds. When enemies threatened him, man made his house as inaccessible as possible. The tree-dwellers

16、of the Philippines protect themselves by living high above the ground. When danger threatens, they remove the ladders leading to their homes. The cliff dwellers of the American Southwest built their homes high up on the sides of cliffs, where access was very difficult.Nomad (游牧的) tribes must move fr

17、om place to place, taking care of flocks of sheep that are always in need of fresh grass. Their houses must be simple and easy to transport. The nomads of central Asia have developed a house made of a framework of poles covered with felt (毛毡). The house is round because the framework is curved. The

18、poles are fastened together at the top with a wooden ring, and there is a hole at the top to let the smoke out.In Europe there are very few wooden houses being built today. This is partly because wood is no longer as plentiful as it once was, and partly because wooden houses are quite inflammable (易

19、燃的). On the other hand, there are many wooden houses in America. This is because the first settlers wanted to build houses quickly and inexpensively. Since the country was covered in many places with forests, some trees had to be cut down to make room for houses.Houses in many cities used to be made

20、 of wood. However, since the houses were very close together, fire could easily spread from one house to another. There were disastrous fires in some cities, such as the great fire of London in 1666. When the burned-out cities were rebuilt, wood was still used for the frames and the roofs, but stone

21、s or bricks were used for walls.There are so many people living in some cities that it is often very difficult to find a place to live, and if one does find a place it is often too small. And many of the houses are too old and uncomfortable. Just as in prehistoric times, finding a good place to live

22、 continues to be one of mans most urgent problems.1. What does the passage focus on?A) Mans three basic needs. B) Development of roofs.C) Mans self-protection methods. D) Mans need for housing.2. Who probably built the first permanent shelters?A) Fish-eaters. B) Hunters. C) Lumbermen. D) Farmers.3.

23、Where do the Eskimos live in winter?A) In tents made of animal skins. B) In wooded houses covered by ice.C) In houses made of ice blocks. D) In snow-covered hollow tree trunks.4. Whats the main function of steep thatched roofs?A) To keep off extra heat. B) To shed jungle rains.C) To beautify the bui

24、ldings. D) To show off owners wealth.5. Why did the cliff dwellers of the American Southwest build their homes so high up?A) To protect themselves from enemies. B) To have a good view of the valley below.C) To get more sunshine and fresh air. D) To escape from the urban noise.6. What disaster struck

25、 London in 1666?A) War. B) Earthquake. C) Flood. D) Great fire.7. What urgent problem do some city-dwellers still have to face now?A) Finding a safe place to live in. B) Finding a quiet place to live in.C) Finding a comfortable place to live in. D) Finding a modern place to live in.8. The first man-

26、made shelters could be easily _.9. The Norsemen built homes with _ and filled the space with clay.10. The house built by Nomads of Central Asia is round because _. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Can money buy happiness? Yes, (47) the authors of a new study-but only up to a poi

27、nt.Psychology has shown that richer people generally rank the overall quality of their lives more (48) than poorer people do. At the same time, their actual happiness seems to be (49) less by their ability to buy more than by being able to keep up with those with comparable resources in their own ag

28、e group.Our findings point to the possibility that, rather than promoting overall happiness, continued income growth could (50) an ongoing consumption race where people have to consume more and more, just to maintain a (51) level of happiness, writes Glenn Firebaugh of Pennsylvania State University.

29、The study was (52) at the American Sociological Associations 100th Annual Meeting. Whether the rich are happier as a whole than their less (53) fellows is becoming an increasingly hot topic for debate. Recent years have (54) many writings on the science of happiness. Richer people are happier becaus

30、e money can help purchase goods and services and it is the (55) of these materials that increases ones enjoyment of life and ones sense of well-being.Firebaugh and his colleagues measured the age, total family income, and general happiness of (56) aged 20 to 54, generally considered the working life

31、span (工作寿命) for most Americans.Regardless of such standards as physical health, education, and marital status (婚姻状况), peoples happiness was affected by what others earned. The higher the income of others in ones age group, the lower ones happiness.A) constant B) wealthy C) claim D) denyE) motivated

32、F) consumption G) consequently H) implementI) automatic J) presented K) witnessed L) rejectedM) individuals N) favorably O) challengingSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The president o