职称英语理工A类押题.docx

上传人:b****6 文档编号:8120633 上传时间:2023-01-28 格式:DOCX 页数:17 大小:34.23KB
下载 相关 举报
职称英语理工A类押题.docx_第1页
第1页 / 共17页
职称英语理工A类押题.docx_第2页
第2页 / 共17页
职称英语理工A类押题.docx_第3页
第3页 / 共17页
职称英语理工A类押题.docx_第4页
第4页 / 共17页
职称英语理工A类押题.docx_第5页
第5页 / 共17页
点击查看更多>>
下载资源
资源描述

职称英语理工A类押题.docx

《职称英语理工A类押题.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《职称英语理工A类押题.docx(17页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。

职称英语理工A类押题.docx

职称英语理工A类押题

2010年职称英语等级考试(理工类)

阅读理解

ExpertsCallforLocalandRegionalControlofSitesforRadioactiveWaste

ThewithdrawalofNevada'sYuccaMountainasapotentialnuclearwasterepository1hasreopenedthedebateoverhowandwheretodisposeofspentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwaste.InanarticleintheJuly10issueofScience,UniversityofMichigan2geologistRodneyEwingandPrincetonUniversity3nuclearphysicistFrankvonHippelarguethat,althoughfederalagenciesshouldsetstandardsandissuelicensesfortheapprovalofnuclearfacilities,localcommunitiesandstatesshouldhavethefinalapprovalonthesitingofthesefacilities.Theauthorsproposethedevelopmentofmultiplesitesthatwouldservicetheregionswherenuclearreactorsarelocated.

"Themaingoal…,shouldbetoprovidetheUniedStateswithmultipleprocessthatrequiresacceptancebyhostcommunitiesandstates,"theauthorswrite.

EwingandyonHippelalsoanalyzethereasonswhyYuccaMountain,selectedbyCongress4in1987astheonlysitetobeinvestigatedforlong-termnuclearwastedisposal,finallywasshelved5aftermorethanthreedecadesofoftencontroversialdebate.Thereasonsincludethesite'sgeologicalproblems,managementproblems,importantchangesintheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency'sstandard,unreliablefundingandthefailuretoinvolvelocalcommunitiesinthedecision-makingprocess.

Goingforward,effortsshouldbedirectedatlocatingstoragefacilitiesinthenation'snortheastern,southeastern,midwesternandwesternregions,andstateswithinagivenregionshouldberesponsiblefordevelopingsolutionsthatsuittheirparticularcircumstances.Transportationofnuclearwasteoverlongdistances,whichwasaconcernwiththeYuccaMountainsite,wouldbelessofaproblembecausetemporarystorageorgeologicaldisposalsitescouldbelocatedclosertoreactors.

"ThisregionalapproachwouldbesimilartothecurrentapproachinEurope,wherespentnuclearfuel6andhigh-levelnuclearwaste7fromabout150reactorsandreprocessingplantsistobemovedtoanumberofgeologicalrepositoriesinavarietyofrocktypes8,"saidRodneyEwing,whohaswrittenextensivelyabouttheimpactofnuclearwastemanagementontheenvironmentandwhohasanalyzedsafetyassessmentcriteriaforthecontroversialYuccaMountainnuclearwasterepository.

词汇:

radioactiveadj.放射性的shelvev.搁置repositoryn.储藏地,储藏室controversialadj.有争议的

geologistn.地质学家reactorn.反应堆,反应器geologicaladj.地质的

注释:

1.ThewithdrawalofNevada'sYuccaMountainasapotentialnuclearwasterepository:

Nevada'sYuccaMountain:

美国境内的内华达州尤卡山。

nuclearwasterepository:

核废物处理库。

美国能源部部长朱棣文2009年3月5日表示,拟在内华达州尤卡山建设的核废物最终处理库将不再是美国储存高放废物的一个选项。

2.UniversityofMichigan:

美国密歇根大学,建于1817年。

3.PrincetonUniversity:

美国普林斯顿大学,建于1746年。

4.Congress:

美国国会,美国最高立法机关,由参议院(Senate)和众议院(Houseof

Representatives)组成。

5.…wasshelved:

......被束之高阁。

6.spentnuclearfuel:

也叫做usednuclearfuel,一般译为“乏核燃料”。

7.high-levelnuclearwaste:

高(强度)放(射性)核废物。

8.geologicalrepositoriesinavarietyofrocktypes:

各种不同岩层中的地质处置库。

geologicalrepositories指的是地表以下300~1500米的稳定的地质体中建造的用于最终处置高放废物和乏核燃料的工程设施。

处置库是一个多重屏障系统,工程屏障由废物体、废物罐、外包装和缓冲回填材料组成,而天然屏障则是能有效阻滞放射性核素迁移的地质体,包括花岗岩、粘土岩、凝灰岩和岩盐等。

许多专家认为地质处置是安全的,技术上是可行的,对环境是无害的。

练习:

1.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestsubstitutetheword"withdrawal"inthefirstparagraph?

ARetirement.BCanceling.CReplaced.DDisposal.

2.AccordingtoRodneyEwingandFrandvonHippel,wheretolocatenuclearfacilities

Ashouldbeapprovedbythefederalgovernment.

Bshouldbeapprovedbylocalpeopleandstates.CshouldbeapprovedbyCongress.

Disnotanimportantissue.

3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutthe1987decisionbyCongressconcerningsitingofnuclearwastedisposal?

AYuccaMountainwasselectedastheonlysiteforanuclearwasterepository.

BTheselectionofYuccaMountainfornuclearwastedisposalcausedmuchcontroversy.

CThedecisionbyCongresswasputasideduetoanumberofproblems.DThedecisionbyCongresswasacceptedbylocalcommunities.

4.Whatdoestheauthoroftheessayinthefourthparagraphwanttosay?

AEffortsshouldbemadetosolvetheproblemsoftransportationofnuclearwasteoverlongdistance.

BEffortsshouldbemadetodevelopasmanynucleardisposalsitesinthe

USaspossible.

CEffortsshouldbemadetodevelopnucleardisposalsitestosuitthecircumstancesoftheregion.

DEffortsshouldbemadetobuilduptemporarynucleardisposalsitesaspossible.

5.Whatismeantby"regionalapproach"asmentionedinthelastparagraph?

AWastedisposalsitesarelocatedclosetoreactorsandinplacessuitablefortheregionalcircumstances.

BGeologicalrepositoriesarelocatedinavarietyofrocktypes.

CSpentnuclearfuelandhigh–levelnuclearwasteismovedtodevelopingcountries.

DWastedisposalsitesarelocatedfarawayfromreactors.

答案与题解:

1.Bwithdrawal是个多义词,在句子中的意思是“撤销”或“中止”。

2.B第二段中提到的两个科学家认为,联邦政府可以设定核设备的标准,以及颁发许可证,但是州政府或地方政府在选址问题上应该有最终决定权。

3.D第三段的第一个句子包含了A、B和C所述内容。

4.C尽管第四段提到了尤卡山的确存在长距离运送核废料的问题,但不是这段的主要内容,所以A不是正确选择。

作者说,要在全国东西南北各地区建造核废料处置库,但没有说要尽量多的建造,所以B也不是正确选择。

作者想表达的意思是,要在全国各地区建造核废料处置库,但州政府必须根据地方特殊情况制定方案,包括最后一句中所说的“靠近核反应堆”的临时处置库。

所以,C是正确的。

D也不是作者的意思。

5.AThisregionalapproach的意思是:

地域性方法,指的是前一段中所表述的内容,即,地方政府应当考虑当地的特殊环境,对核废物的处置地选择负责。

B、C和D的表述内容都是错误理解。

Night1oftheLivingAnts

Whenanantdies,otherantsmovethedeadinsectoutofthenest.Thisbehaviorisinterestingtoscientists,whowonderhowantsknowforsure–andsosoon-thatanotherantisdead.

Dong-HwanChoe,ascientistattheUniversityofCalifornia2foundthatArgentine3antshaveachemicalontheoutsideoftheirbodiesthatsignalstootherants,"I'mdead-takemeaway."

Butthere'satwisttoChoe'sdiscovery4.Theseantsarealittlebitlikezombies.Choesaysthatthelivingants-notjustthedeadones-havethisdeathchemical.Inotherwords,whileanantcrawlsaround,perhapsinapicnicorhome,it'stellingotherantsthatit'sdead5.

Whatkeepsantsfromhaulingawaythelivingdead?

ChoefoundthatArgentineantshavetwoadditionalchemicalsontheirbodies,andthesetellnearbyantssomethinglike,"wait-I'mnotdeadyet."SoChoe'sresearchturnedup6twosetsofchemicalsignalsinants:

onesays,"I'mdead,"theothersetsays,"I'mnotdeadyet."

Otherscientistshavetriedtofigureouthowantsknowwhenanotherantisdead.Ifanantisknockedunconscious,otherantsleaveitaloneuntilitwakesup.Thatmeansantsknowthatunmovingantscanstillbealive.

ChoesuspectsthatwhenanArgentineantdies,thechemicalthatsays"Wait-I'mnotdeadyet"quicklygoesaway.Oncethatchemicalisgone,onlytheonethatsays"I'mdead"isleft."It'sbecausethedeadantnolongersmellslikealivingantthatitgetscardedtothegraveyard,notbecauseitsbodyreleasesnewuniquechemicalsafterdeath,"saidChoe.Whenotherantsdetectthe"dead"chemicalwithoutthe"notdeadyet"chemical,theyhaulawaythebody.ThiswasChoe'shypothesis.

Totesthishypothesis,ChoeandhisteamputdifferentchemicalsonArgentineantpupae.Whenthescientistsusedthe"I'mdead"chemical,otherantsquicklyhauledthetreatedpupae7away.Whenthescientistsusedthe"Wait-I'mnotdeadyet"chemicals,otherantsleftthetreatedpupaealone.Choebelievesthisbehaviorshowsthatthe"notdeadyet"chemicalsoverridethe"dead"chemicalwhenpickedupbyadultants.Andthatwhenanantdies,the"notdeadyet"chemicalsfadeaway.Othernearbyantsthendetecttheremaining"dead"chemicalandremovethebodyfromthenest.

词汇:

Zombien还魂尸,僵尸Pupan.蛹

Graveyardn.墓地

hypothesisn.假设

overridev.优先于,比……更重要

注释:

1.night:

night是个多义词,其比喻意义是“死亡”,即本篇短文标题中该词的意思。

标题是用了逆喻的修辞手法。

2.theUniversityofCalifornia:

加利福尼亚大学,位于美国西部的公立高等学校系统,目前拥有10所大学,包括加州大学伯克利分校(Berkeley)、洛杉矶分校(LosAngeles)、圣地亚哥分校(SanDiego)、圣克鲁兹分校(SantaCruz)等。

3.Argentine:

阿根廷,位于南美洲的国家。

4.Butthere'satwisttoChoe'sdiscovery.然而,Choe又有了新的出乎意料的发现。

Twist有“出人意料的变化”的意思。

5.本句it'stellingotherantsthatit'sdead中两个it指代前面爬行中的蚂蚁,也就是下段第一句中的thelivingdead。

6.turnedup:

发现,找到。

7.treatedpupae:

经过处理的蛹,即被科学家涂抹上化学药剂的蛹。

练习:

1.Whatismeantby"deathchemical"mentionedinparagraph3?

AAchemicalthatcontainspoison.BAchemicalthatcausesdeath.

CAchemicalthatannouncesdeath.DAchemicalthatpreventsdeath.

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothequestion"Whatkeepsantsfromhaulingawaythelivingdead?

(paragraph4)"?

AHowdoantsknowwhatistobehauledawayfromthedeadants?

BWhatpreventsantsfromremovingtheantsthatarenotyetdead?

CWhatdoantsdotokeepthemselvesawayfromthedyingants?

DWhatpreventsantsfrombeingcarriedawayaftertheydie.

3.WhatisNOTtrueaboutChoe'sfinding?

AWhenanantdies,itproducesa"Iamdead"signal.

BLivingantshavethedeathchemicalontheirbodies.

CAntshavetwosetsofchemicalsontheftbodies.

DAntshavethe"Iamnotdead"chemicalontheirbodies.

4.AccordingtoChoe'shypothesis,

Aanantstillsmellslikealivingwhenitdies.

Bthe"Iamdead"chemicalleavestheant'sbodywhenitdies.

Cthe"Iamnotdeadyet"chemicalisleftwhenanantdies.

Dthe"Iamnotdeadyet"chemicalleavestheant'sbodywhenitdies.

5.WhatistheresultofthetestonChoe'shypothesis?

AItprovesthathishypothesisistime.

BNotenoughevidencehasbeenfoundtosupporthishypothesis.

CItshowsthathishypothesisiswrong.

DItindicatesthathishypothesisneedsrevising.

答案与题解:

1.C根据文章第二段和第三段的表述,阿根廷蚂蚁身上有种化学物质,它会告诉其他蚂蚁“Iamdead.”。

文章没有说这种物质有毒,也没有说它能导致或预防死亡,所以其他三项都是错误的选择。

2.Bkeepsb.fromdoingsth.这个句型的意思是:

使……不做……,阻止……去

做……。

所以只有B是正确理解。

3.A第三段和第四段告诉我们,蚂蚁身上会带有两种化学气味,“Iamnotde

展开阅读全文
相关资源
猜你喜欢
相关搜索

当前位置:首页 > 高等教育 > 工学

copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有

经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1