职称英语理工A类押题.docx

1、职称英语理工A类押题2010年职称英语等级考试（理工类） 阅读理解Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive WasteThe withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository1 has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an

2、 article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan2 geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University3 nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and states sho

3、uld have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located.The main goal, should be to provide the Unied States with multiple process that requires acceptance by host communiti

4、es and states, the authors write.Ewing and yon Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, selected by Congress4 in 1987 as the only site to be investigated for long-term nuclear waste disposal, finally was shelved5 after more than three decades of often controversial debate. The reasons inc

5、lude the sites geological problems, management problems, important changes in the Environmental Protection Agencys standard, unreliable funding and the failure to involve local communities in the decision-making process.Going forward, efforts should be directed at locating storage facilities in the

6、nations northeastern, southeastern, midwestern and western regions, and states within a given region should be responsible for developing solutions that suit their particular circumstances. Transportation of nuclear waste over long distances, which was a concern with the Yucca Mountain site, would b

7、e less of a problem because temporary storage or geological disposal sites could be located closer to reactors.This regional approach would be similar to the current approach in Europe, where spent nuclear fuel6 and high-level nuclear waste7 from about 150 reactors and reprocessing plants is to be m

8、oved to a number of geological repositories in a variety of rock types8, said Rodney Ewing, who has written extensively about the impact of nuclear waste management on the environment and who has analyzed safety assessment criteria for the controversial Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository.词汇：rad

9、ioactive adj.放射性的 shelve v.搁置 repository n.储藏地，储藏室 controversial adj.有争议的geologist n.地质学家 reactor n.反应堆，反应器 geological adj.地质的注释：1. The withdrawal of Nevadas Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository: Nevadas Yucca Mountain：美国境内的内华达州尤卡山。nuclear waste repository：核废物处理库。美国能源部部长朱棣文 2009 年

10、3 月 5 日表示，拟在内华 达州尤卡山建设的核废物最终处理库将不再是美国储存高放废物的一个选项。2. University of Michigan：美国密歇根大学，建于 1817 年。3. Princeton University：美国普林斯顿大学，建于 1746 年。4. Congress: 美国国会，美国最高立法机关，由参议院（Senate）和众议院（House ofRepresentatives）组成。5. was shelved：.被束之高阁。6. spent nuclear fuel：也叫做 used nuclear fuel，一般译为“乏核燃料”。7. high-level nu

11、clear waste：高（强度）放（射性）核废物。8. geological repositories in a variety of rock types：各种不同岩层中的地质处置 库。geological repositories 指的是地表以下 3001500 米的稳定的地质体中建造的 用于最终处置高放废物和乏核燃料的工程设施。处置库是一个多重屏障系统，工程屏障 由废物体、废物罐、外包装和缓冲回填材料组成，而天然屏障则是能有效阻滞放射性核 素迁移的地质体，包括花岗岩、粘土岩、凝灰岩和岩盐等。许多专家认为地质处置是安 全的，技术上是可行的，对环境是无害的。练习：1. Which of t

12、he following words can best substitute the word withdrawal in the first paragraph?A Retirement. B Canceling. C Replaced. D Disposal.2. According to Rodney Ewing and Frand von Hippel, where to locate nuclear facilitiesA should be approved by the federal government.B should be approved by local people

13、 and states. C should be approved by Congress.D is not an important issue.3. What is NOT true about the 1987 decision by Congress concerning siting of nuclear waste disposal?A Yucca Mountain was selected as the only site for a nuclear waste repository.B The selection of Yucca Mountain for nuclear wa

14、ste disposal caused much controversy.C The decision by Congress was put aside due to a number of problems. D The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities.4. What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say?A Efforts should be made to solve the problems of transport

15、ation of nuclear waste over long distance.B Efforts should be made to develop as many nuclear disposal sites in theUS as possible.C Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region.D Efforts should be made to build up temporary nuclear disposal sites a

16、s possible.5. What is meant by regional approach as mentioned in the last paragraph?A Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances.B Geological repositories are located in a variety of rock types.C Spent nuclear fuel and high level nuclear

17、waste is moved to developing countries.D Waste disposal sites are located far away from reactors.答案与题解：1. B withdrawal 是个多义词，在句子中的意思是“撤销”或“中止”。2. B 第二段中提到的两个科学家认为，联邦政府可以设定核设备的标准，以及颁发许可 证，但是州政府或地方政府在选址问题上应该有最终决定权。3. D 第三段的第一个句子包含了 A、B 和 C 所述内容。4. C 尽管第四段提到了尤卡山的确存在长距离运送核废料的问题，但不是这段的主要内 容，所以 A 不是正确选择。作

18、者说，要在全国东西南北各地区建造核废料处置库，但没 有说要尽量多的建造，所以 B 也不是正确选择。作者想表达的意思是，要在全国各地区 建造核废料处置库，但州政府必须根据地方特殊情况制定方案，包括最后一句中所说的 “靠近核反应堆”的临时处置库。所以，C 是正确的。D 也不是作者的意思。5. A This regional approach 的意思是：地域性方法，指的是前一段中所表述的内容， 即，地方政府应当考虑当地的特殊环境，对核废物的处置地选择负责。B、C 和 D 的表述 内容都是错误理解。Night1 of the Living AntsWhen an ant dies, other ant

19、s move the dead insect out of the nest. This behavior is interesting to scientists, who wonder how ants know for sure and so soon-that another ant is dead.Dong-Hwan Choe, a scientist at the University of California2 found that Argentine3 ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signa

20、ls to other ants, Im dead - take me away.But theres a twist to Choes discovery4. These ants are a little bit like zombies. Choe says that the living ants - not just the dead ones - have this death chemical. In other words, while an ant crawls around, perhaps in a picnic or home, its telling other an

21、ts that its dead5.What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead? Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies, and these tell nearby ants something like, wait -Im not dead yet. So Choes research turned up6 two sets of chemical signals in ants: one says, Im dead, t

22、he other set says, Im not dead yet.Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead. If an ant is knocked unconscious, other ants leave it alone until it wakes up. That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive.Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies

23、, the chemical that says Wait- Im not dead yet quickly goes away. Once that chemical is gone, only the one that says Im dead is left. Its because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carded to the graveyard, not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death, said

24、 Choe. When other ants detect the dead chemical without the not dead yet chemical, they haul away the body. This was Choes hypothesis.To test his hypothesis, Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae. When the scientists used the Im dead chemical, other ants quickly hauled the

25、 treated pupae7 away. When the scientists used the Wait- Im not dead yet chemicals, other ants left the treated pupae alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the not dead yet chemicals override the dead chemical when picked up by adult ants. And that when an ant dies, the not dead yet chemical

26、s fade away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining dead chemical and remove the body from the nest.词汇：Zombie n 还魂尸，僵尸 Pupa n.蛹Graveyard n.墓地hypothesis n.假设override v.优先于，比更重要注释：1. night：night 是个多义词，其比喻意义是“死亡”，即本篇短文标题中该词的意思。标 题是用了逆喻的修辞手法。2. the University of California：加利福尼亚大学，位于美国西部的公立高等学校系统 ，

27、目前拥有10所大学，包括加州大学伯克利分校（Berkeley）、洛杉矶分校（ Los Angeles）、 圣地亚哥分校（San Diego）、圣克鲁兹分校（Santa Cruz）等。3. Argentine：阿根廷，位于南美洲的国家。4. But theres a twist to Choes discovery.然而，Choe 又有了新的出乎意料的发现。 Twist 有“出人意料的变化”的意思。5. 本句 its telling other ants that its dead 中两个 it 指代前面爬行中的蚂蚁，也 就是下段第一句中的 the living dead。6. turned u

28、p：发现，找到。7. treated pupae：经过处理的蛹，即被科学家涂抹上化学药剂的蛹。练习：1. What is meant by death chemical mentioned in paragraph 3?A A chemical that contains poison. B A chemical that causes death.C A chemical that announces death. D A chemical that prevents death.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the q

29、uestion What keeps ants from hauling away the living dead? (paragraph 4)?A How do ants know what is to be hauled away from the dead ants?B What prevents ants from removing the ants that are not yet dead?C What do ants do to keep themselves away from the dying ants?D What prevents ants from being car

30、ried away after they die.3. What is NOT true about Choes finding?A When an ant dies, it produces a I am dead signal.B Living ants have the death chemical on their bodies.C Ants have two sets of chemicals on theft bodies.D Ants have the I am not dead chemical on their bodies.4. According to Choes hyp

31、othesis,A an ant still smells like a living when it dies.B the I am dead chemical leaves the ants body when it dies.C the I am not dead yet chemical is left when an ant dies.D the I am not dead yet chemical leaves the ants body when it dies.5. What is the result of the test on Choes hypothesis?A It

32、proves that his hypothesis is time.B Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis.C It shows that his hypothesis is wrong.D It indicates that his hypothesis needs revising.答案与题解：1. C 根据文章第二段和第三段的表述，阿根廷蚂蚁身上有种化学物质，它会告诉其他蚂 蚁“I am dead.”。文章没有说这种物质有毒，也没有说它能导致或预防死亡，所以其 他三项都是错误的选择。2. B keep sb. from doing sth. 这个句型的意思是：使不做，阻止去做。所以只有 B 是正确理解。3. A 第三段和第四段告诉我们，蚂蚁身上会带有两种化学气味，“I am not de