最新专升本英语阅读训练.docx
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最新专升本英语阅读训练
专升本英语阅读训练
专升本英语阅读训练
Passage1
Populationtendstogrowatanexponential(指数的)rate.Thismeansthattheyprogressivelydouble.Asanexampleofthistypeofgrowthratetakeonepennyanddoubleeverydayforonemonth.Afterthefirstweek,youwouldhaveonly64cent,butafterthefourthweekyouwouldhaveoveramilliondollars.
Thishelpsexplainwhythepopulationhascomeon“allofasudden〞tookfromhebeginningofhuman1ifetotheyear1830forthepopulationoftheearthtoreachonebillion.Thatrepents(缓慢进行)atimespanofatleasttwomillionyears.Thenittookfrom1830to1930forworldpopulationtoreach2billion.Thenextbillionwasaddedby1960onlythirtyyearsandin1975worldpopulationreached4billionwhichisanotherbillionpeopleinonlyfifteenyears.
Worldpopulationisincreasingatarateof9,000perhour,220,000perdayand80millionperyear.
Thisisnotonlyduetohigherbirthrate,buttolowerdeathrateaswell.Thenumberofbirthshasnotdeclinedatthesamerateasthenumberofdeaths.
SomecountriessuchasColumbia,Thailand,Morocco,CostaRicaandthePhilippinesaredoublingtheirpopulationabouteverytwenty-oneyearswithagrowthrateof3.3percentayearormore.TheUnitedStatesisdoublingitspopulationaboutveryeighty-sevenyears,witharateof0.8percentperyear.Everytimeapopulationdoubles,thecountryinvolvedneedstwiceasmuchofeverything,includinghospitals,schools,resources,foodandmedicinestocareforitspeople.Itiseasytoseethatthisisverydifficulttoachieveforthemorerapidlygrowingcountries.
1.ThispassagechieflydiscussesA.thegrowthofworldpopulation.
A.Worldpopulationisincreasingatarateof150perminute.
B.Lowerdeathratealsocontributestoworldpopulationgrowth.
C.ThepopulationofColumbiahasbeendoublingeveryyearfor21years.
D.TheUnitedStatesisusuallydoublingitspopulationonaboutevery87years.
5.Whenapopulationdoubles,thecountryinvolvedneedstwiceasmuchofeverythingincluding__.
A.hospitalsandmedicinesB.schoolsandstudents
C.foodandmanpowerresourcesD.alloftheabove
Passage2
Womenareonthewholemoreverbalthanmen.Theyaregoodat1anguageandverbalreasoning.whilementendtobeskilledattasksdemandingvisual-spatial(视空)abilities.Infact,alongwithaggressionthesearethemostcommonlyaccepteddifferencebetweenthesesexes.
Wordsaretoolsforcommunicatingwithotherpeopleespeciallyinformationaboutpeople.Theyaremainlysocialtools.Visualandspatialabilitiesaregoodforimaginingandmanipulatingobjectsandforcommunicatinginformationaboutthem.Arethesetalentsprogrammedintothebrain?
Insomeofthenewestandmostcontroversialresearchinneurophysiology(神经生理学),ithasbeensuggestedthatwhenitcomestothebrainmalesarespecialistswhilewomenaregeneralists.
Butoneknowsthat,ifanythingthismeansintermsoftheabilitiesofthetwosexes.EngineeringisbothVisualandspatialandit’struethattherearerelativelyfewwomenengineers.Butwomenbecomejustasskilledasmenatshootingarifleordrivingacartaskthatinvolvevisual-spatialskills.Theyalsodoequallywellatprogrammingacomputer,whichisneithervisualnorspatial.Womendo,however,seemlesslikelytofallinlovewiththeobjectsthemselves.Weallknowmenforwhommachinesseemtobeextensionsoftheiridentity.Awomanismorelikelytoseehercar,rifleorcomputerasausefultoolbutnotinitselffascinating.
1.Accordingtothepassage,womenareusuallygoodat_____.
A.bodylanguageB.logicalreasoning
C.tasksdemandingfortheuseofwordsD.bothAandB
2.Theword"accepted〞inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,roughlymeans_____.
A.believedB.assumedC.receivedD.reconciled
3.Intheauthor’sopinion,visualandspatialabilitiesaregoodfor______.
A.achievingone’sobjects.B.mindandbody.
C.programmingtalentsintothebrain.D.imaginationandcommunication.
4.Allthefollowingtasksinvolvevisual-spatialabilitiesEXCEPT____.
A.imaginingandhandlingobjects.
B.providingacomputerwithasetofinstructions
C.shootingagunanddrivinganautomobile
D.planningandmakingthingsasanengineerdoes
5.Whydowomenseemlesslikelytofallinlovewiththeobjectsthemselves?
A.Becausetheyhavenovisual-spatialskills.
B.Becausetheyareonlygoodat1anguageandverbalreasoning.
C.Becausetheyarelesslikelytoseetheircharmingorinterestingaspects.
D.Becausetheyrarelyusemachinessuchascars,rifles,computers,etc.
Passage3
TheUS.governmenthasrecentlyhelpedpeoplelearnmoreaboutthedangersofearthquakesbypublishingamap.Thismapshowsthechancesofanearthquakeineachpartofthecountry.Theareasofthemapwhereearthquakesaremostlikelytooccurarecalledearthquake“belt〞.Thegovernmentis,spendingagreatdealmoneyandisworkinghardtohelpdiscovertheanswertothesetwoquestions:
l.Canwepredictearthquake?
2.Canwecontrolearthquakes?
Toanswerthefirstquestion,scientistsarelookingverycloselyatthemostactivefault(断层)systemsinthecountrysuchastheSanAndreasfaultinCalifornia,afaultisbreakbetweentwosectionsoftheearth’ssurface.Thesebreaksbetweensectionsaretheplacewhereearthquakeoccurs.Scientistslookatthefaultsforchangesthatmightshowthatanearthquakewasabouttooccurs.Butitwillprobablybemanyyearsbeforewecanpredictearthquakesaccurately.Andthecontrolofearthquakesisevenfartheraway.
Nevertheless,therehavebeensomeinterestingdevelopmentsinthefieldofcontrollingearthquakes.ThemostinterestingdevelopmentconcernstheRockyMountainArsenalearthquakes.Herewaterwasputintoalayerofrocks4000metersbelowsurfaceoftheground.Shortlyafterthisinjectionofwater,therewereasmallnumberofearthquakes.Scientistshavedecidedthatthewaterwhichwasinjectedintorocksworkslikeoiloneachother.Whenthewater“oiled〞thefault,thefaultbecameslipperyandtheenergyofanearthquakewasreleased.Scientistsarestillexperimentingatthesiteoftheseearthquakes.Theyhaverealizedthatthereisaconnectionbetweeninjectionofthewaterandtheearthquakeactivity.Theyhavesuggestedthatmightbepossibletousethisknowledgetopreventverybigdestructiveearthquakes,thatis,scientistscouldinjectsomekindoffluidlikewaterintofaultsandchangeonebigearthquakeintoanumberofsmall,harmlessearthquakes.
1.Earthquakebeltsare.
A.mapsthatshowwhereearthquakesarelikelytooccur
B.zoneswithahighprobabilityofearthquakes
C.breaksbetweentwosectionsoftheearth’ssurface
D.thetwolayersofearthalongafault
2.TheSanAndreas’faultis.
A.anactivefaultsystem
B.aplacewhereearthquakeshavebeenpredictedaccurately
C.aplacewhereearthquakehavebeencontrolled
D.thelocationoftheRockyMountain
3.WhatdidscientistslearnaboutearthquakesattheRockyMountainArsenal?
A.Theyoccuratbout4000metersbelowgroundlevel
B.Theinjectionofwaterintoearthquakefaultspreventsearthquakesfromoccurring.
C.Theyareusuallycausedbytheoilinthefaults.
D.Harmfulearthquakescanbepossiblypreventedbycausingsmallharmlessearthquake.
4.WhatcanbesaidabouttheexperimentsatRockyMountainArsenal?
A.Theyhavenopracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.
B.Theymayhavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.
C.Theyarecertaintohavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.
D.hearticledoesnotsayanythingabouttheirpracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.
5.Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?
A.DangersofEarthquakeB.EarthquakeBeltsandPrediction
C.EarthquakePredictionandControlD.EarthquakeEngineeringinCalifornia
Passage4
Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewedbiologically,themodernfootballerisinrealityamemberofahuntinggroup.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoalmouth.Ifhisaimisaccurateandhescoresagoal,heenjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.
Tounderstandhowthistransformationhastakenplacewemustbrieflylookbackatourforefathers.Theyspentoveramillionyearsevolving(进化)asCooperativehunters.Theirverysurvivaldependedonsuccessinthehuntingfield.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eventheirbodies,becamegreatlychanged:
Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwersandpreykillers.Theycooperatedasskillfulmalegroupattack.
Thenabouttenthousandyearsago,afterthisimmenselylongperiodofhuntingthefood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglifewasputtoanewuse——thatofcontrollinganddomesticating(驯养)theirprey.Thehuntbecamesuddenlyoutofdate.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesofthehuntwerenolongeressentialforsurvival.
Theskillsandthirstforhuntingremained,however,anddemandednewoutlets.Huntingforsportreplacedhuntingfornecessity.Thisnewactivityinvolvedalltheoriginalhuntingsequences(后果),buttheaimoftheoperationwasnolongertoavoidstarvation.Insteadthesportsmensetofftotesttheirskillagainstpreythatwasnolongeressentialtotheirsurvival.Tobesure,thekillmayhavebeeneaten,buttherewereotherpurposes,muchsimplerofobtainingameatymeal.
1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Huntingisveryimportantinhumancivilization.
B.Sportingactivitiessatisfythed