最新专升本英语阅读训练.docx

最新专升本英语阅读训练.docx

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最新专升本英语阅读训练

专升本英语阅读训练

专升本英语阅读训练

Passage1

Populationtendstogrowatanexponential（指数的）rate.Thismeansthattheyprogressivelydouble.Asanexampleofthistypeofgrowthratetakeonepennyanddoubleeverydayforonemonth.Afterthefirstweek,youwouldhaveonly64cent,butafterthefourthweekyouwouldhaveoveramilliondollars.

Thishelpsexplainwhythepopulationhascomeon“allofasudden〞tookfromhebeginningofhuman1ifetotheyear1830forthepopulationoftheearthtoreachonebillion.Thatrepents（缓慢进行）atimespanofatleasttwomillionyears.Thenittookfrom1830to1930forworldpopulationtoreach2billion.Thenextbillionwasaddedby1960onlythirtyyearsandin1975worldpopulationreached4billionwhichisanotherbillionpeopleinonlyfifteenyears.

Worldpopulationisincreasingatarateof9,000perhour,220,000perdayand80millionperyear.

Thisisnotonlyduetohigherbirthrate,buttolowerdeathrateaswell.Thenumberofbirthshasnotdeclinedatthesamerateasthenumberofdeaths.

SomecountriessuchasColumbia,Thailand,Morocco,CostaRicaandthePhilippinesaredoublingtheirpopulationabouteverytwenty-oneyearswithagrowthrateof3.3percentayearormore.TheUnitedStatesisdoublingitspopulationaboutveryeighty-sevenyears,witharateof0.8percentperyear.Everytimeapopulationdoubles,thecountryinvolvedneedstwiceasmuchofeverything,includinghospitals,schools,resources,foodandmedicinestocareforitspeople.Itiseasytoseethatthisisverydifficulttoachieveforthemorerapidlygrowingcountries.

1.ThispassagechieflydiscussesA.thegrowthofworldpopulation.

A.Worldpopulationisincreasingatarateof150perminute.

B.Lowerdeathratealsocontributestoworldpopulationgrowth.

C.ThepopulationofColumbiahasbeendoublingeveryyearfor21years.

D.TheUnitedStatesisusuallydoublingitspopulationonaboutevery87years.

5.Whenapopulationdoubles,thecountryinvolvedneedstwiceasmuchofeverythingincluding__.

A.hospitalsandmedicinesB.schoolsandstudents

C.foodandmanpowerresourcesD.alloftheabove

Passage2

Womenareonthewholemoreverbalthanmen.Theyaregoodat1anguageandverbalreasoning.whilementendtobeskilledattasksdemandingvisual-spatial（视空）abilities.Infact,alongwithaggressionthesearethemostcommonlyaccepteddifferencebetweenthesesexes.

Wordsaretoolsforcommunicatingwithotherpeopleespeciallyinformationaboutpeople.Theyaremainlysocialtools.Visualandspatialabilitiesaregoodforimaginingandmanipulatingobjectsandforcommunicatinginformationaboutthem.Arethesetalentsprogrammedintothebrain?

Insomeofthenewestandmostcontroversialresearchinneurophysiology（神经生理学）,ithasbeensuggestedthatwhenitcomestothebrainmalesarespecialistswhilewomenaregeneralists.

Butoneknowsthat,ifanythingthismeansintermsoftheabilitiesofthetwosexes.EngineeringisbothVisualandspatialandit’struethattherearerelativelyfewwomenengineers.Butwomenbecomejustasskilledasmenatshootingarifleordrivingacartaskthatinvolvevisual-spatialskills.Theyalsodoequallywellatprogrammingacomputer,whichisneithervisualnorspatial.Womendo,however,seemlesslikelytofallinlovewiththeobjectsthemselves.Weallknowmenforwhommachinesseemtobeextensionsoftheiridentity.Awomanismorelikelytoseehercar,rifleorcomputerasausefultoolbutnotinitselffascinating.

1.Accordingtothepassage,womenareusuallygoodat_____.

A.bodylanguageB.logicalreasoning

C.tasksdemandingfortheuseofwordsD.bothAandB

2.Theword"accepted〞inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraph,roughlymeans_____.

A.believedB.assumedC.receivedD.reconciled

3.Intheauthor’sopinion,visualandspatialabilitiesaregoodfor______.

A.achievingone’sobjects.B.mindandbody.

C.programmingtalentsintothebrain.D.imaginationandcommunication.

4.Allthefollowingtasksinvolvevisual-spatialabilitiesEXCEPT____.

A.imaginingandhandlingobjects.

B.providingacomputerwithasetofinstructions

C.shootingagunanddrivinganautomobile

D.planningandmakingthingsasanengineerdoes

5.Whydowomenseemlesslikelytofallinlovewiththeobjectsthemselves?

A.Becausetheyhavenovisual-spatialskills.

B.Becausetheyareonlygoodat1anguageandverbalreasoning.

C.Becausetheyarelesslikelytoseetheircharmingorinterestingaspects.

D.Becausetheyrarelyusemachinessuchascars,rifles,computers,etc.

Passage3

TheUS.governmenthasrecentlyhelpedpeoplelearnmoreaboutthedangersofearthquakesbypublishingamap.Thismapshowsthechancesofanearthquakeineachpartofthecountry.Theareasofthemapwhereearthquakesaremostlikelytooccurarecalledearthquake“belt〞.Thegovernmentis,spendingagreatdealmoneyandisworkinghardtohelpdiscovertheanswertothesetwoquestions:

l.Canwepredictearthquake?

2.Canwecontrolearthquakes?

Toanswerthefirstquestion,scientistsarelookingverycloselyatthemostactivefault（断层）systemsinthecountrysuchastheSanAndreasfaultinCalifornia,afaultisbreakbetweentwosectionsoftheearth’ssurface.Thesebreaksbetweensectionsaretheplacewhereearthquakeoccurs.Scientistslookatthefaultsforchangesthatmightshowthatanearthquakewasabouttooccurs.Butitwillprobablybemanyyearsbeforewecanpredictearthquakesaccurately.Andthecontrolofearthquakesisevenfartheraway.

Nevertheless,therehavebeensomeinterestingdevelopmentsinthefieldofcontrollingearthquakes.ThemostinterestingdevelopmentconcernstheRockyMountainArsenalearthquakes.Herewaterwasputintoalayerofrocks4000metersbelowsurfaceoftheground.Shortlyafterthisinjectionofwater,therewereasmallnumberofearthquakes.Scientistshavedecidedthatthewaterwhichwasinjectedintorocksworkslikeoiloneachother.Whenthewater“oiled〞thefault,thefaultbecameslipperyandtheenergyofanearthquakewasreleased.Scientistsarestillexperimentingatthesiteoftheseearthquakes.Theyhaverealizedthatthereisaconnectionbetweeninjectionofthewaterandtheearthquakeactivity.Theyhavesuggestedthatmightbepossibletousethisknowledgetopreventverybigdestructiveearthquakes,thatis,scientistscouldinjectsomekindoffluidlikewaterintofaultsandchangeonebigearthquakeintoanumberofsmall,harmlessearthquakes.

1.Earthquakebeltsare.

A.mapsthatshowwhereearthquakesarelikelytooccur

B.zoneswithahighprobabilityofearthquakes

C.breaksbetweentwosectionsoftheearth’ssurface

D.thetwolayersofearthalongafault

2.TheSanAndreas’faultis.

A.anactivefaultsystem

B.aplacewhereearthquakeshavebeenpredictedaccurately

C.aplacewhereearthquakehavebeencontrolled

D.thelocationoftheRockyMountain

3.WhatdidscientistslearnaboutearthquakesattheRockyMountainArsenal？

A.Theyoccuratbout4000metersbelowgroundlevel

B.Theinjectionofwaterintoearthquakefaultspreventsearthquakesfromoccurring.

C.Theyareusuallycausedbytheoilinthefaults.

D.Harmfulearthquakescanbepossiblypreventedbycausingsmallharmlessearthquake.

4.WhatcanbesaidabouttheexperimentsatRockyMountainArsenal?

A.Theyhavenopracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.

B.Theymayhavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.

C.Theyarecertaintohavepracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.

D.hearticledoesnotsayanythingabouttheirpracticalvalueinearthquakeprevention.

5.Whatisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?

A.DangersofEarthquakeB.EarthquakeBeltsandPrediction

C.EarthquakePredictionandControlD.EarthquakeEngineeringinCalifornia

Passage4

Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewedbiologically,themodernfootballerisinrealityamemberofahuntinggroup.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoalmouth.Ifhisaimisaccurateandhescoresagoal,heenjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey.

Tounderstandhowthistransformationhastakenplacewemustbrieflylookbackatourforefathers.Theyspentoveramillionyearsevolving（进化）asCooperativehunters.Theirverysurvivaldependedonsuccessinthehuntingfield.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eventheirbodies,becamegreatlychanged：

Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwersandpreykillers.Theycooperatedasskillfulmalegroupattack.

Thenabouttenthousandyearsago,afterthisimmenselylongperiodofhuntingthefood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglifewasputtoanewuse——thatofcontrollinganddomesticating（驯养）theirprey.Thehuntbecamesuddenlyoutofdate.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesofthehuntwerenolongeressentialforsurvival.

Theskillsandthirstforhuntingremained,however,anddemandednewoutlets.Huntingforsportreplacedhuntingfornecessity.Thisnewactivityinvolvedalltheoriginalhuntingsequences（后果）,buttheaimoftheoperationwasnolongertoavoidstarvation.Insteadthesportsmensetofftotesttheirskillagainstpreythatwasnolongeressentialtotheirsurvival.Tobesure,thekillmayhavebeeneaten,buttherewereotherpurposes,muchsimplerofobtainingameatymeal.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Huntingisveryimportantinhumancivilization.

B.Sportingactivitiessatisfythed