职称英语理工B阅读理解.docx

职称英语理工B阅读理解.docx

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职称英语理工B阅读理解

阅读理解

理工C16篇

1FordAbandonsElectricVehicles

2WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecadeEarlierThanSomePredict

3CitizenScientists

4MotoringTechnology

5Late-nightDrinking

6MakingLightofSleep

7SugarPowerforCellPhones

8EiffelIsanEyeful

9AnEssentialscientificprocess2015新增

10YoungFemaleChimpsOutlearnTheirBrothers

11WhenOurEyesServeOurStomach

12FloridaHitbyColdAirMass

13InvisibilityRing

14JapaneseCarKeepsWatchforDrunkDrivers

15WingedRobotLearnstoFly

16JapaneseDrillingintoCoreofEarth

理工B

17ASunshadeforthePlanet6

18ThirstforOil6

19MusicalRobotCompanionEnhancesListenerExperience6

20ExploreroftheExtremeDeep7

22RealWorldRobots7

23PoweringaCity?

It’saBreeze18

24UndergroundCoalFires—aLoomingCatastrophe18

25EattoLive8

26MaleandFemalePilotsCauseAccidentsDifferently9

27DriventoDistraction9

28SleepLetsBrainFileMemories19

29I'll Be Bach10

30DigitalRealm10

31HurricaneKatrina10

32Mind-reading1Machine10

33SitesforRadioactiveWaste11

阅读理解

理工C级：

第一篇FordAbandonsElectricVehicles（理工C）

TheFordmotorcompany’s1abandonmentofelectriccarseffectivelysignalstheendoftheroadforthetechnology,analystssay.

GeneralMotors2andHonda3ceasedproductionofbattery-poweredcarsin1999,tofocusonfuelcell4andhybridelectricgasolineengines5,whicharemoreattractivetotheconsumer.Fordhasnowannounceditwilldothesame.

Threeyearsago,thecompanyintroducedtheThinkCitytwo-seatercarandagolfcartcalledtheTHINKorThinkNeighbor6.Ithopedtosell5,000carseachyearand10,000carts.Butalackofdemandmeansonlyabout1,000ofthecarshavebeenproduced,andlessthan1,700cartshavebeensoldsofarin2002.

“Thebottomline7iswedon’tbelievethatthisisthefutureofenvironmenttransportforthemassmarket,”TimHolmesofFordEuropesaidonFriday.“Wefeelwehavegivenelectricourbestshot8.”

TheThinkCityhasarangeofonlyabout53milesanduptoasix-hourbatteryrechargetime.GeneralMotors’EVIelectricvehiclealsohadalimitedrange,ofabout100miles.

Theveryexpensivebatteriesalsomeanelectriccarscostmuchmorethanpetrol-poweredalternatives.AnelectricToyota9RAV4EVvehiclecostsover$42,000intheUS,comparedwithjust$17,000forthepetrolversion.ToyotaandNissan10arenowtheonlymajorautomanufacturerstoproduceelectricvehicles.

“Thereisafeelingthatbatteryelectrichasbeengivenitschance.Fordnowhastomoveonwithitshybridprogram11,andthatiswhatwewillbejudgingthemon,”RogerHigman,aseniortransportcampaigneratUKFriendsoftheEarth,toldtheEnvironmentNewsService.

HybridcarsintroducedbyToyotaandHondainthepastfewyearshavesoldwell.Hybridenginesoffergreatermileagethanpetrol-onlyengines,andthebatteriesrechargethemselves.Fordsaysitthinkssuchvehicleswillhelpitmeetplannednewguidelines12onvehicleemissions13intheUS.

Howevertitisnotyetclearexactlywhatthoseguidelineswillpermit.InJune,GeneralMotorsandDaimlerChrysler14wonacourtinjunction,delayingbytwoyearsCalifornianlegislationrequiringcar-makerstooffer100,000zero-emissionandotherlow-emissionvehiclesinthestateby2003.Carmanufacturershopethelegislationwillberewrittentoallowformorelow-emission,ratherthanzero-emission,vehicles.

练习:

1.WhathavetheFordmotorcompany,GeneralMotor’sandHondadoneconcerningelectriccars?

CTheyhavegivenupproducingelectriccars.

2.AccordingtoTimHolmesofFordEurope,battery-poweredcars

Bwillnotbethemaintransportationvehiclesinthefuture.

3.Whichautomanufacturersarestillproducingelectricvehicles?

AToyotaandNissan.

4.Accordingtotheeighthparagraph,hybridcars

Crunmoremilesthanpetroldrivencars.

5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthehopeofcarmanufacturersaccordingtothelastparagraph?

DThelegislationwillallowmorelow-emissiontobeproduced.

第一篇福特放弃电动汽车

分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。

福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。

3年前，福特推出名为ThinkCity的双排座汽车和Think或ThinkNeighbor系列高尔夫车，希望能销售5000辆汽车、10000高尔夫车。

但由于需求不足，截至2002年仅生产了大约1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足1700辆。

“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的TimHolmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电力车已做了最好的尝试。

”

ThinkCity系列的运行里程仅53英里，电池充电需6小时。

通用公司的EVI电力车也仅能运行100英里。

昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。

日本丰田产的RAV4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达42000美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售17000美元。

丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。

“应该说电池动力车已经获得了充分的机会。

福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。

”RogerHigman，英国FriendsoftheEarth组织的一位高级交通运动代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。

日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。

混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可自行充电。

福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。

不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。

六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。

制造商希望修改此法令，允许他们生产更多低排放而不是零排放的汽车。

第二篇WorldCrudeOilProductionMayPeakaDecade

EarlierThanSomePredict（理工C）

Inafindingthatmayspeedeffortstoconserveoil,scientistsinKuwaitpredictthatworldconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014.Thispredictionisalmostadecadeearlierthansomeotherpredictions．TheirstudyisinACS’Energy＆Fuels1．

IbrahimNashawiandcolleaguespointoutthatrapidgrowthinglobaloilconsumptionhassparkedagrowinginterestinpredicting"peakoil"．"Peakoil"isthepointwhereoilproductionreachesamaximumandthendeclines.Scientistshavedevelopedseveralmodelstoforecastthispoint,andsomeputthedateat2020orlater.OneofthemostfamousforecastmodelsiscalledtheHubbertmodel2.Itassumesthatglobaloilproductionwillfollowabellshapedcurve3.Arelatedconceptisthat4of"PeakOil."Theterm"PealOil"indicatesthemomentinwhichworldwideproductionWillpeak,afterwardstostartonirreversibledecline．

TheHubbertmodelaccuratelypredictedthatoilproductionwouldpeakintheUnitedStatesin1970.Themodelhassincegainedinpopularityandhasbeenusedtoforecastoilproductionworldwide．

However,recentstudiesshowthatthemodelisinsufficienttoaccountfor5morecomplexoilproductioncyclesofsomecountries．Thosecyclescanbeheavilyinfluencedbytechnologychanges,politics,andotherfactors,thescientistssay.

ThenewstudydescribesdevelopmentofanewversionoftheHubbertmodelthatprovidesamorerealisticandaccurateoilproductionforecast．Usingthenewmodel,thescientistsevaluatedtheoilproductiontrendsof47majoroil-producingcountries,whichsupplymostoftheworld’sconventionalcrudeoil6．Theyestimatedthatworldwideconventionalcrudeoilproductionwillpeakin2014,yearsearlierthananticipated.Thescientistsalsoshowedthattheworld'soilreserves7are

beingreducedatarateof2.1percentayear.Thenewmodelcouldhelpinformenergy-relateddecisionsandpublicpolicydebate,theysuggest.

练习：

1．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword"sparked"appearinginparagraph2?

B．stimulated

2．Theterm"abellshapedcurve"appearinginparagraph2indicatesthatglobaloilproductionwill

D．starttodeclineafterglobaloilproductionpeaks．

3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueoftheHubbertmodel?

D．Itprovidesaveryrealisticandaccurateoilproduction．

4．Whatisthemajorachievementofthenewstudymentionedinthelastparagraph?

A．Itpredictsglobaloilproductionwillpeakin2014．

5．WhodevelopthenewversionoftheHubbertmodel?

B．Kuwaitiscientists．

第二篇能发电的背包

背包是很方便的工具，可以装书，带午餐，带换洗的衣服，双手还可以解放出来做别的事。

将来，有一天，如果你不介意背上重荷，你的背包或许能为你的MP3播放得提供电能，保证你手机的电量，甚至可以在你回家的路上为你照明。

来自费城宾夕法尼亚大学和麻省伍兹霍尔海洋生物学实验室的LawrenceC.Rome和他的同事们发明了一种能利用背包者行走时产生的能最发电的背包。

在军事行动、搜救实施、科学研究的实地研究中，人们越来越多地依赖手机、全球定位系统接收机、夜视镜及其他用电池供电的装置来克服困难进行工作。

在9月9日的《科学》杂志上Lawrence.C.Rome和他的同事们指出，背包的发电特点有可能大大减轻现在的背包者因为装多个备用电池而带来的重荷。

背包的发电能力依赖于把布包从它的金属框架上撑起来的许多弹簧，金属框架挨着背包者的背，人走动时整个包上下移动，一个转换装置把包的垂直运动变成一台发电机的转动，这样就产出多达7.4瓦的电能。

测试显示背新型背包的人为了适应包的摆动会改变步态，而这样比他们用一般背包背东西既省劲又舒服，这是出人意料的。

由于有这样令人吃惊的优点，Rome计划对能发电的新型背包和不能发电的新型背包都进行商业化开发。

士兵、科学家、登山者及紧急救援工作者通常背负沉重的背包，新型背包对他们尤其有用。

对其他行业的人来说，能发电的背包使他们边走路边玩视频游戏、边看电视、边听音乐成为可能。

能发电的背包至今还未上市，不过假如你以后终于买到了一个，一定记着过马路时要两边看看。

第三篇CitizenScientists（理工C）

Understandinghownaturerespondstoclimatechangewillrequiremonitoringkeylifecycleevent—flowering,theappearanceofleaves,thefirstfrogcallsofthespring—allaroundtheworld.Butecologistscan’tbeeverywheresothey’returningtonon-scientists,sometimescalledcitizenscientists,forhelp.

Climatescientistsarenotpresenteverywhere.Becausetherearesomanyplacesintheworldandnotenoughscientiststoobserveallofthem,they’reaskingforyourhelpinobservingsignsofclimatechangeacrosstheworld.Thecitizenscientistmovementencouragesordinarypeopletoobserveaveryspecificresearchinterest—birds,trees,

flowersbudding,etc.—andsendtheirobservationstoagiantdatabasetobeobservedbyprofessionalscientists.Thishelpsasmallnumberofscientiststrackalargeamountofdatathattheywouldneverbeabletogatherontheirown.Muchlikecitizenjournalistshelpinglargepublicationscoverahyper-localbeat,citizenscientistsarereadyfortheconditionswheretheylive.Allthat’sneededtobecomeoneisafewminuteseachdayoreachweektogatherdataandsenditin.

AgroupofscientistsandeducatorslaunchedanorganizationlastyearcalledtheNationalPhenologyNetwork.“Phenology”iswhatscientistscallthestudyofthetimingofeventsinnature.

Oneofthegroup’sfirsteffortsreliesonscientistsandnon-scientistsaliketocollectdataaboutplantfloweringandleafingeveryyear.Theprogram,calledProjectBudBurst,collectslifecycledataonavarietyofcommo