职称英语理工B阅读理解.docx

1、职称英语理工B阅读理解阅读理解理工C16篇1 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles2 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict3 Citizen Scientists4 Motoring Technology5 Late-night Drinking6 Making Light of Sleep7 Sugar Power for Cell Phones8 Eiffel Is an Eyeful9 An Essential scientific process2015新增

2、10 Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers11 When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach12 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass13 Invisibility Ring14 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers15 Winged Robot Learns to Fly16 Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth理工B17 A Sunshade for the Planet 618 Thirst for Oil 619 M

3、usical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience 620 Explorer of the Extreme Deep 722 Real World Robots 723 Powering a City? Its a Breeze1 824 Underground Coal Fires a Looming Catastrophe1 825 Eat to Live 826 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently 927 Driven to Distraction 928 Sleep L

4、ets Brain File Memories1 929 IllBeBach 1030 Digital Realm 1031 Hurricane Katrina 1032 Mind-reading1 Machine 1033 Sites for Radioactive Waste 11阅读理解理工C级：第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles（理工C） The Ford motor companys1 abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the techno

5、logy, analysts say. General Motors2 and Honda3 ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell4 and hybrid electric gasoline engines5, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same. Three years ago, the company introduced the Think Cit

6、y two-seater car and a golf cart called the THINK or Think Neighbor6. It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts. But a lack of demand means only about 1,000 of the cars have been produced, and less than 1,700 carts have been sold so far in 2002. “The bottom line7 is we dont believe that

7、 this is the future of environment transport for the mass market,” Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday. “We feel we have given electric our best shot8.” The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time. General Motors EVI electric vehicle also had a l

8、imited range, of about 100 miles. The very expensive batteries also mean electric cars cost much more than petrol-powered alternatives. An electric Toyota9 RAV4 EV vehicle costs over $42,000 in the US, compared with just $17,000 for the petrol version. Toyota and Nissan10 are now the only major auto

9、 manufacturers to produce electric vehicles. “There is a feeling that battery electric has been given its chance. Ford now has to move on with its hybrid program11, and that is what we will be judging them on,” Roger Higman, a senior transport campaigner at UK Friends of the Earth, told the Environm

10、ent News Service. Hybrid cars introduced by Toyota and Honda in the past few years have sold well. Hybrid engines offer greater mileage than petrol-only engines, and the batteries recharge themselves. Ford says it thinks such vehicles will help it meet planned new guidelines12 on vehicle emissions13

11、 in the US. However t it is not yet clear exactly what those guidelines will permit. In June, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler14 won a court injunction, delaying by two years Californian legislation requiring car-makers to offer 100,000 zero-emission and other low-emission vehicles in the state b

12、y 2003. Car manufacturers hope the legislation will be rewritten to allow for more low-emission, rather than zero-emission, vehicles. 练习: 1. What have the Ford motor company, General Motors and Honda done concerning electric cars? C They have given up producing electric cars. 2. According to Tim Hol

13、mes of Ford Europe, battery-powered cars B will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future. 3. Which auto manufacturers are still producing electric vehicles? A Toyota and Nissan. 4. According to the eighth paragraph, hybrid cars C run more miles than petrol driven cars. 5. Which of the f

14、ollowing is true about the hope of car manufacturers according to the last paragraph? D The legislation will allow more low-emission to be produced.第一篇 福特放弃电动汽车 分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。 通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于 1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。 3年前，福特推出名为 Think C

15、ity的双排座汽车和 Think或 Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车，希望能销售 5000辆汽车、 10000高尔夫车。但由于需求不足，截至 2002年仅生产了大约 1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足 1700辆。“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的 Tim Holmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电力车已做了最好的尝试。” Think City系列的运行里程仅 53英里，电池充电需 6小时。通用公司的 EVI电力车也仅能运行 100英里。 昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。日本丰田产的 RAV4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达 4200

16、0美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售 17000美元。丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。 “应该说电池动力车已经获得了充分的机会。福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。” Roger Higman，英国 Friends of the Earth组织的一位高级交通运动代表这样对环保新闻评论说。 日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可自行充电。福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。 不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一

17、项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在 2003年前向该州提供 10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。制造商希望修改此法令，允许他们生产更多低排放而不是零排放的汽车。第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict（理工C） In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil, scientists in Kuwait predict that world conventional crude oil production w

18、ill peak in 2014. This prediction is almost a decade earlier than some other predictionsTheir study is in ACS EnergyFuels1 Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting peak oilPeak oil is the point where oil product

19、ion reaches a maximum and then declines. Scientists have developed several models to forecast this point, and some put the date at 2020 or later. One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbert model2. It assumes that global oil production will follow a bell shaped curve3. A related con

20、cept is that4 of Peak Oil. The term Peal Oil indicates the moment in which world wide production Will peak, afterwards to start on irreversible decline The Hubbert model accurately predicted that oil production would peak in the United States in 1970. The model has since gained in popularity and has

21、 been used to forecast oil production worldwide However, recent studies show that the model is insufficient to account for5 more complex oil production cycles of some countriesThose cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes, politics, and other factors, the scientists say. The new study

22、 describes development of a new version of the Hubbert model that provides a more realistic and accurate oil production forecastUsing the new model, the scientists evaluated the oil production trends of 47 major oil-producing countries, which supply most of the worlds conventional crude oil6 They es

23、timated that worldwide conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014, years earlier than anticipated. The scientists also showed that the worlds oil reserves7 arebeing reduced at a rate of 2.1 percent a year. The new model could help inform energy-related decisions and public policy debate, th

24、ey suggest.练习：1Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word sparked appearing in paragraph 2?Bstimulated 2The term a bell shaped curve appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production willDstart to decline after global oil production peaks3Which of the following is NOT true

25、of the Hubbert model?DIt provides a very realistic and accurate oil production4What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?AIt predicts global oil production will peak in 20145Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model?BKuwaiti scientists第二篇 能发电的背包 背包是很方便的工具，

26、可以装书，带午餐，带换洗的衣服，双手还可以解放出来做别的事。将来，有一天，如果你不介意背上重荷，你的背包或许能为你的 MP3播放得提供电能，保证你手机的电量，甚至可以在你回家的路上为你照明。 来自费城宾夕法尼亚大学和麻省伍兹霍尔海洋生物学实验室的 Lawrence C. Rome和他的同事们发明了一种能利用背包者行走时产生的能最发电的背包。在军事行动、搜救实施、科学研究的实地研究中，人们越来越多地依赖手机、全球定位系统接收机、夜视镜及其他用电池供电的装置来克服困难进行工作。在 9月 9日的科学杂志上 Lawrence. C. Rome和他的同事们指出，背包的发电特点有可能大大减轻现在的背包者因

27、为装多个备用电池而带来的重荷。 背包的发电能力依赖于把布包从它的金属框架上撑起来的许多弹簧，金属框架挨着背包者的背，人走动时整个包上下移动，一个转换装置把包的垂直运动变成一台发电机的转动，这样就产出多达 7.4瓦的电能。 测试显示背新型背包的人为了适应包的摆动会改变步态，而这样比他们用一般背包背东西既省劲又舒服，这是出人意料的。由于有这样令人吃惊的优点， Rome计划对能发电的新型背包和不能发电的新型背包都进行商业化开发。 士兵、科学家、登山者及紧急救援工作者通常背负沉重的背包，新型背包对他们尤其有用。对其他行业的人来说，能发电的背包使他们边走路边玩视频游戏、边看电视、边听音乐成为可能。能发电

28、的背包至今还未上市，不过假如你以后终于买到了一个，一定记着过马路时要两边看看。第三篇 Citizen Scientists（理工C） Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle event flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring all around the world. But ecologists cant be everywhere so theyr

29、e turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help. Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, theyre asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world

30、. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data

31、 that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All thats needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it

32、in. A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology Network. “Phenology”is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature. One of the groups first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project BudBurst, collects life cycle data on a variety of commo