Section 31 20 00EARTH MOVING.docx

Section 31 20 00EARTH MOVING.docx

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Section312000EARTHMOVING

SECTION312000

EARTHMOVING

SPECWRITERNOTE:

Deletebetween//---//ifnotapplicabletoproject.Alsodeleteanyotheritemorparagraphnotapplicableinthesectionandrenumbertheparagraphs.Modify,addordeleteitemsinArticle,DESCRIPTIONOFWORKasnecessarytocorrespondwithdetailedparagraphsinPart3.Additemsifrequiredtodescribeunusualconditions.Providesubparagraphitemunderthemainheadingsthatrelatetothespecificworkactivitiestobeperformedforthespecificsite.

PART1-GENERAL

1.1DESCRIPTIONOFWORK:

A.Thissectionspecifiestherequirementsforfurnishingallequipment,materials,labor,tools,andtechniquesforearthworkincluding,butnotlimitedto,thefollowing:

1.Sitepreparation.

2.Excavation.

3.Underpinning.

4.Fillingandbackfilling.

5.Grading.

6.SoilDisposal.

7.CleanUp.

1.2DEFINITIONS:

A.UnsuitableMaterials:

1.Fills:

Topsoil;frozenmaterials;constructionmaterialsandmaterialssubjecttodecomposition;clodsofclayandstoneslargerthan75mm（3inches）;organicmaterial,includingsilts,whichareunstable;andinorganicmaterials,includingsilts,toowettobestableandanymaterialwithaliquidlimitandplasticityindexexceeding40and15respectively.Unsatisfactorysoilsalsoincludesatisfactorysoilsnotmaintainedwithin2percentofoptimummoisturecontentattimeofcompaction,asdefinedbyASTM//D698//D1557////AASHTO//T99//T180.

2.ExistingSubgrade（ExceptFootingSubgrade）:

Samematerialsas1.2.A.1,thatarenotcapableofdirectsupportofslabs,pavement,andsimilaritemswithpossibleexceptionofimprovementbycompaction,proofrolling,orsimilarmethods.

3.ExistingSubgrade（FootingsOnly）:

Sameasparagraph1,butnofillorbackfill.Ifmaterialsdifferfrom//referenceboringsand//designrequirements,excavatetoacceptablestratasubjecttoResidentEngineer'sapproval.

B.BuildingEarthwork:

Earthworkoperationsrequiredinareaenclosedbyalinelocated1500mm（5feet）outsideofprincipalbuildingperimeter.Italsoincludesearthworkrequiredforauxiliarystructuresandbuildings.

C.TrenchEarthwork:

Trenchworkrequiredforutilitylines.

D.SiteEarthwork:

Earthworkoperationsrequiredinareaoutsideofalinelocated1500mm（5feet）outsideofprincipalbuildingperimeterandwithinnewconstructionareawithexceptionsnotedabove.

E.Degreeofcompaction:

Degreeofcompactionisexpressedasapercentageofmaximumdensityobtainedbylaboratorytestprocedure.ThispercentageofmaximumdensityisobtainedthroughuseofdataprovidedfromresultsoffieldtestprocedurespresentedinASTMD1556,ASTMD2167,andASTMD2922.

F.Fill:

Satisfactorysoilmaterialsusedtoraiseexistinggrades.IntheConstructionDocuments,theterm“fill”meansfillorbackfillasappropriate.

G.Backfill:

Soilmaterialsorcontrolledlowstrengthmaterialusedtofillanexcavation.

H.Unauthorizedexcavation:

Removalofmaterialsbeyondindicatedsub-gradeelevationsorindicatedlinesanddimensionswithoutwrittenauthorizationbytheResidentEngineer.Nopaymentwillbemadeforunauthorizedexcavationorremedialworkrequiredtocorrectunauthorizedexcavation.

I.Authorizedadditionalexcavation:

RemovalofadditionalmaterialauthorizedbytheResidentEngineerbasedonthedeterminationbytheGovernment’ssoilstestingagencythatunsuitablebearingmaterialsareencounteredatrequiredsub-gradeelevations.RemovalofunsuitablematerialanditsreplacementasdirectedwillbepaidonbasisofConditionsoftheContractrelativetochangesinwork.

J.Subgrade:

Theundisturbedearthorthecompactedsoillayerimmediatelybelowgranularsub-base,drainagefill,ortopsoilmaterials.

K.Structure:

Buildings,foundations,slabs,tanks,curbs,mechanicalandelectricalappurtenances,orotherman-madestationaryfeaturesconstructedaboveorbelowthegroundsurface.

L.Borrow:

Satisfactorysoilimportedfromoff-siteforuseasfillorbackfill.

M.Drainagecourse:

Layersupportingslab-on-gradeusedtominimizecapillaryflowofporewater.

N.Beddingcourse:

Layerplacedovertheexcavatedsub-gradeinatrenchbeforelayingpipe.Beddingcourseshallextenduptothespringlineofthepipe.

O.Sub-baseCourse:

Layerplacedbetweenthesub-gradeandbasecourseforasphaltpavingorlayerplacedbetweenthesub-gradeandaconcretepavementorwalk.

P.Utilitiesincludeon-siteundergroundpipes,conduits,ducts,andcablesaswellasundergroundserviceswithinbuildings.

Q.Debris:

Debrisincludesallmaterialslocatedwithinthedesignatedworkareanotcoveredintheotherdefinitionsandshallincludebutnotbelimitedtoitemslikevehicles,equipment,appliances,buildingmaterialsorremainsthereof,tires,anysolidorliquidchemicalsorproductsstoredorfoundincontainersorspilledontheground.

R.Contaminatedsoils:

SoilthatcontainscontaminatesasdefinedanddeterminedbytheResidentEngineerortheGovernment’stestingagency.

1.3RELATEDWORK:

A.Materialstestingandinspectionduringconstruction:

Section014529,TESTINGLABORATORYSERVICES.

B.Safetyrequirements//andblastingoperations//:

Section007200,GENERALCONDITIONS,Article,ACCIDENTPREVENTION.

C.Protectionofexistingutilities,fireprotectionservices,existingequipment,roads,andpavements:

Section010000,GENERALREQUIREMENTS.

D.SubsurfaceInvestigation:

Section010000,GENERALREQUIREMENTS,Article,PHYSICALDATA.

//E.ErosionControl:

Section015719,TEMPORARYENVIRONMENTALCONTROLS,andSection329000,PLANTING.//

//F.Sitepreparation:

Section312319,DEWATERING,andSection024100,DEMOLITION.//

//G.Foundationsystemrequirements:

Section316200,DRIVENPILES,Section316316,AUGERCASTGROUTPILES,Section316326,DRILLEDCAISSONS,Section312323.33,FLOWABLEFILL.//

//H.Pavingsub-graderequirements:

Section321216,ASPHALTPAVING.//

1.4CLASSIFICATIONOFEXCAVATION:

A.UnclassifiedExcavation:

Removalanddisposalofpavementsandotherman-madeobstructionsvisibleonsurface;utilities,andotheritemsincludingundergroundstructuresindicatedtobedemolishedandremoved;togetherwithanytypeofmaterialsregardlessofcharacterofmaterialandobstructionsencountered.

SPECWRITERNOTE:

RetaineitherUnclassifiedExcavationaboveorClassifiedExcavationbelow.

B.ClassifiedExcavation:

RemovalanddisposalofallmaterialexceptthatmaterialnotdefinedasRock.

C.RockExcavation:

SPECWRITERNOTE:

Therequirementsfortrackmountedpowerexcavatorsmayvary.Discusswithsoilsconsultantandmodifyasnecessary.

1.TrenchesandPits:

Removalanddisposalofsolid,homogenous,interlockingcrystallinematerialwithfirmlycemented,laminated,orfoliatedmassesorconglomeratedepositsthatcannotbeexcavatedwithalate-model,track-mountedhydraulicexcavator;equippedwitha1050mm（42inch）wide,short-tip-radiusrockbucket;ratedatnotlessthan103kW（138hp）flywheelpowerwithbucket-curlingforceofnotlessthan125kN（28,090lbf）andstick-crowdforceofnotlessthan84.5kN（19,000lbf）;measuredaccordingtoSAEJ-1179.Trenchesinexcessof3000mm（10feet）wideandpitsinexcessof9000mm（30feet）ineitherlengthorwidthareclassifiedasopenexcavation.

SPECWRITERNOTE:

Therequirementsfortrackmountedpowerexcavatorsmayvary.Discusswithsoilsconsultantandmodifyasnecessary.

2.OpenExcavation:

Removalanddisposalofsolid,homogenous,interlockingcrystallinematerialfirmlycemented,laminated,orfoliatedmassesorconglomeratedepositsthatcannotbedislodgedandexcavatedwithalate-model,track-mountedloader;ratedatnotlessthan157kW（210hp）flywheelpoweranddevelopingaminimumof216kN（48,510lbf）breakoutforce;measuredaccordingtoSAEJ-732.

3.Othertypesofmaterialsclassifiedasrockareunstratifiedmasses,conglomerateddepositsandbouldersofrockmaterialexceeding0.76m3（1cubicyard）foropenexcavation,or0.57m3（3/4cubicyard）forfootingandtrenchexcavationthatcannotberemovedbyrockexcavatingequipmentequivalenttotheaboveinsizeandperformanceratings,withoutsystematicdrilling,ramhammering,ripping,orblasting,whenpermitted.

4.Blasting:

Removalanddisposalofsolid,homogenous,interlockingcrystallinematerialfirmlycemented,laminated,orfoliatedmassesorconglomeratedepositsthatcannotberemovedwithconventionalmethodsmay//maynot//beperformedbyblasting.

SPECWRITERNOTE:

Therequirementsforblasting,ifallowedshallbelistedunderaseparatespecificationsection.

5.Definitionsofrockandguidelinesforequipmentarepresentedforgeneralinformationpurposesonly.TheContractorisexpectedtousetheinformationpresentedintheGeotechnicalEngineeringReporttoevaluatetheextentandcompetencyoftherockandtodeterminebothquantityestimationsandremovalequipmentandefforts.

1.5MEASUREMENTANDPAYMENTFORROCKEXCAVATION:

SPECWRITERNOTE:

ThissectiononlyapplieswhenusingClassifiedExcavation

A.Measurement:

Crosssectionandmeasureuncoveredandseparatedmaterials,andcomputequantitiesbyRegisteredProfessionalLandSurveyororRegisteredCivilEngineer,specifiedinSection010000,GENERALREQUIREMENTS.Donotmeasurequantitiesbeyondthefollowinglimits:

1.600mm（24inches）fromoutsidefaceofconcreteworkforwhichformsarerequired,exceptforfootings.

2.300mm（12inches）fromoutsideofperimeterofformedfootings.

3.150mm（6inches）belowbottomofpipeandnotmorethanpipediameterplus600mm（24inches）inwidthforpipetrenches.

4.Fromoutsidedimensionsofconcreteworkforwhichnoformsarerequired（trenches,conduits,andsimilaritemsnotr