Section 31 20 00EARTH MOVING.docx

1、Section 31 20 00 EARTH MOVINGSECTION 31 20 00EARTH MOVINGSPEC WRITER NOTE: Delete between / - / if not applicable to project. Also delete any other item or paragraph not applicable in the section and renumber the paragraphs. Modify, add or delete items in Article, DESCRIPTION OF WORK as necessary to

2、 correspond with detailed paragraphs in Part 3. Add items if required to describe unusual conditions. Provide subparagraph item under the main headings that relate to the specific work activities to be performed for the specific site.PART 1 - GENERAL1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WORK:A. This section specifies

3、the requirements for furnishing all equipment, materials, labor, tools, and techniques for earthwork including, but not limited to, the following:1. Site preparation.2. Excavation.3. Underpinning.4. Filling and backfilling.5. Grading.6. Soil Disposal.7. Clean Up.1.2 DEFINITIONS:A. Unsuitable Materia

4、ls:1. Fills: Topsoil; frozen materials; construction materials and materials subject to decomposition; clods of clay and stones larger than 75 mm (3 inches); organic material, including silts, which are unstable; and inorganic materials, including silts, too wet to be stable and any material with a

5、liquid limit and plasticity index exceeding 40 and 15 respectively. Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 2 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction, as defined by ASTM / D 698 / D 1557 / / AASHTO / T 99 / T 180.2. Existing Subgrade (Except Footi

6、ng Subgrade): Same materials as 1.2.A.1, that are not capable of direct support of slabs, pavement, and similar items with possible exception of improvement by compaction, proofrolling, or similar methods.3. Existing Subgrade (Footings Only): Same as paragraph 1, but no fill or backfill. If material

7、s differ from / reference borings and / design requirements, excavate to acceptable strata subject to Resident Engineers approval.B. Building Earthwork: Earthwork operations required in area enclosed by a line located 1500 mm (5 feet) outside of principal building perimeter. It also includes earthwo

8、rk required for auxiliary structures and buildings.C. Trench Earthwork: Trenchwork required for utility lines.D. Site Earthwork: Earthwork operations required in area outside of a line located 1500 mm (5 feet) outside of principal building perimeter and within new construction area with exceptions n

9、oted above.E. Degree of compaction: Degree of compaction is expressed as a percentage of maximum density obtained by laboratory test procedure. This percentage of maximum density is obtained through use of data provided from results of field test procedures presented in ASTM D1556, ASTM D2167, and A

10、STM D2922.F. Fill: Satisfactory soil materials used to raise existing grades. In the Construction Documents, the term “fill” means fill or backfill as appropriate.G. Backfill: Soil materials or controlled low strength material used to fill an excavation.H. Unauthorized excavation: Removal of materia

11、ls beyond indicated sub-grade elevations or indicated lines and dimensions without written authorization by the Resident Engineer. No payment will be made for unauthorized excavation or remedial work required to correct unauthorized excavation.I. Authorized additional excavation: Removal of addition

12、al material authorized by the Resident Engineer based on the determination by the Governments soils testing agency that unsuitable bearing materials are encountered at required sub-grade elevations. Removal of unsuitable material and its replacement as directed will be paid on basis of Conditions of

13、 the Contract relative to changes in work.J. Subgrade: The undisturbed earth or the compacted soil layer immediately below granular sub-base, drainage fill, or topsoil materials.K. Structure: Buildings, foundations, slabs, tanks, curbs, mechanical and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made stat

14、ionary features constructed above or below the ground surface.L. Borrow: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill.M. Drainage course: Layer supporting slab-on-grade used to minimize capillary flow of pore water.N. Bedding course: Layer placed over the excavated sub-grade

15、in a trench before laying pipe. Bedding course shall extend up to the springline of the pipe.O. Sub-base Course: Layer placed between the sub-grade and base course for asphalt paving or layer placed between the sub-grade and a concrete pavement or walk.P. Utilities include on-site underground pipes,

16、 conduits, ducts, and cables as well as underground services within buildings.Q. Debris: Debris includes all materials located within the designated work area not covered in the other definitions and shall include but not be limited to items like vehicles, equipment, appliances, building materials o

17、r remains thereof, tires, any solid or liquid chemicals or products stored or found in containers or spilled on the ground.R. Contaminated soils: Soil that contains contaminates as defined and determined by the Resident Engineer or the Governments testing agency.1.3 RELATED WORK:A. Materials testing

18、 and inspection during construction: Section 01 45 29, TESTING LABORATORY SERVICES.B. Safety requirements / and blasting operations /: Section 00 72 00, GENERAL CONDITIONS, Article, ACCIDENT PREVENTION.C. Protection of existing utilities, fire protection services, existing equipment, roads, and pave

19、ments: Section 01 00 00, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.D. Subsurface Investigation: Section 01 00 00, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, Article, PHYSICAL DATA./E. Erosion Control: Section 01 57 19, TEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS, and Section 32 90 00, PLANTING. /F. Site preparation: Section 31 23 19, DEWATERING, and S

20、ection 02 41 00, DEMOLITION. /G. Foundation system requirements: Section 31 62 00, DRIVEN PILES, Section 31 63 16, AUGER CAST GROUT PILES, Section 31 63 26, DRILLED CAISSONS, Section 31 23 23.33, FLOWABLE FILL. /H. Paving sub-grade requirements: Section 32 12 16, ASPHALT PAVING./1.4 CLASSIFICATION O

21、F EXCAVATION:A. Unclassified Excavation: Removal and disposal of pavements and other man-made obstructions visible on surface; utilities, and other items including underground structures indicated to be demolished and removed; together with any type of materials regardless of character of material a

22、nd obstructions encountered.SPEC WRITER NOTE: Retain either Unclassified Excavation above or Classified Excavation below.B. Classified Excavation: Removal and disposal of all material except that material not defined as Rock.C. Rock Excavation:SPEC WRITER NOTE: The requirements for track mounted pow

23、er excavators may vary. Discuss with soils consultant and modify as necessary.1. Trenches and Pits: Removal and disposal of solid, homogenous, interlocking crystalline material with firmly cemented, laminated, or foliated masses or conglomerate deposits that cannot be excavated with a late-model, tr

24、ack-mounted hydraulic excavator; equipped with a 1050 mm (42 inch) wide, short-tip-radius rock bucket; rated at not less than 103 kW (138 hp) flywheel power with bucket-curling force of not less than 125 kN (28,090 lbf) and stick-crowd force of not less than 84.5 kN (19,000 lbf); measured according

25、to SAE J-1179. Trenches in excess of 3000 mm (10 feet) wide and pits in excess of 9000 mm (30 feet) in either length or width are classified as open excavation.SPEC WRITER NOTE: The requirements for track mounted power excavators may vary. Discuss with soils consultant and modify as necessary.2. Ope

26、n Excavation: Removal and disposal of solid, homogenous, interlocking crystalline material firmly cemented, laminated, or foliated masses or conglomerate deposits that cannot be dislodged and excavated with a late-model, track-mounted loader; rated at not less than 157 kW (210 hp) flywheel power and

27、 developing a minimum of 216 kN (48,510 lbf) breakout force; measured according to SAE J-732.3. Other types of materials classified as rock are unstratified masses, conglomerated deposits and boulders of rock material exceeding 0.76 m3 (1 cubic yard) for open excavation, or 0.57 m3 (3/4 cubic yard)

28、for footing and trench excavation that cannot be removed by rock excavating equipment equivalent to the above in size and performance ratings, without systematic drilling, ram hammering, ripping, or blasting, when permitted.4. Blasting: Removal and disposal of solid, homogenous, interlocking crystal

29、line material firmly cemented, laminated, or foliated masses or conglomerate deposits that cannot be removed with conventional methods may/may not/ be performed by blasting.SPEC WRITER NOTE: The requirements for blasting, if allowed shall be listed under a separate specification section.5. Definitio

30、ns of rock and guidelines for equipment are presented for general information purposes only. The Contractor is expected to use the information presented in the Geotechnical Engineering Report to evaluate the extent and competency of the rock and to determine both quantity estimations and removal equ

31、ipment and efforts. 1.5 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT FOR ROCK EXCAVATION:SPEC WRITER NOTE: This section only applies when using Classified Excavation A. Measurement: Cross section and measure uncovered and separated materials, and compute quantities by Registered Professional Land Surveyor or Registered

32、Civil Engineer, specified in Section 01 00 00, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. Do not measure quantities beyond the following limits:1. 600 mm (24 inches) from outside face of concrete work for which forms are required, except for footings.2. 300 mm (12 inches) from outside of perimeter of formed footings.3. 150 mm (6 inches) below bottom of pipe and not more than pipe diameter plus 600 mm (24 inches) in width for pipe trenches.4. From outside dimensions of concrete work for which no forms are required (trenches, conduits, and similar items not r