船舶专业英语.docx

船舶专业英语.docx

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船舶专业英语

船舶专业英语

1TheNavalArchitect12Definitions,PrincipalDimensions53MerchantshipTypes124ShipDesign185GeneralArrangement226ShipLines277ShipEquilibrium,StabilityandTrim318EstimatingPowerRequirements369ShipMotions,Manoeuvrability4110TheFunctionofShipStructuralComponents4411StructuralDesign,ShipStresses4812ClassificationSocieties5413Shipyard,Organization,Layout5914Planning,FromContracttoWorkingPlans6215LinesPlanandFairing,FabricationandAssembly6416LaunchingandOutfitting6817SeaTrials7018MarineEngines73

TheNavalArchitect

LessonOne

TheNavalArchitect

Anavalarchitectaskedtodesignashipmayreceivehisinstructionsinaformrangingfromsuchsimplerequirementsas―anoiltankertocarry100000tonsdeadweightat15knots‖toafullydetailedspecificationofpreciselyplannedrequirements.Heisusuallyrequiredtoprepareadesignforavesselthatmustcarryacertainweightofcargo（ornumberofpassengers）ataspecifiedspeedwithparticularreferencetotraderequirement;

high-densitycargoes,suchasmachinery,requirelittleholdcapacity,whilethereverseistrueforlow-densitycargoes,suchasgrain.

Deadweightisdefinedasweightofcargoplusfuelandconsumablestores,andlightweightastheweightofthehull,includingmachineryandequipment.Thedesignermustchoosedimensionssuchthatthedisplacementof

thevesselisequaltothesumofthedeadweightandthelightweighttonnages.Thefinenessofthehullmustbeappropriatetothespeed.Thedraft------whichisgovernedbyfreeboardrules------enablesthedepthtobe

determinedtoafirstapproximation.

Afterselectingtentativevaluesoflength,breadth,depth,draft,anddisplacement,thedesignermustachieveaweightbalance.Hemustalsoselectamomentbalancebecausecentresofgravityinbothlongitudinalandverticaldirectionsmustprovidesatisfactorytrimandstability.Additionally,hemustestimatetheshafthorsepower

requiredforthespecifiedspeed;thisdeterminestheweightofmachinery.Thestrengthofthehullmustbe

adequatefortheserviceintended,detailedscantlings（framedimensionsandplatethicknesses）canbeobtainedfromtherulesoftheclassificationsociety.Thesescantingsdeterminetherequisiteweightofhullsteel.

Thevesselshouldpossesssatisfactorysteeringcharacteristics,freedomfromtroublesomevibration,andshouldcomplywiththemanyvariedrequirementsofinternationalregulations.Possessinganattractive

appearance,theshipshouldhavetheminimumnetregistertonnage,thefactoronwhichharbourandotherdues

arebased.（Thegrosstonnagerepresentsthevolumeofallclosed-inspacesabovetheinnerbottom.Thenet

tonnageisthegrosstonnageminuscertaindeductiblespacesthatdonotproducerevenue.Nettonnagecan

thereforeberegardedasameasureoftheearningcapacityoftheship,henceitsuseasabasisforharbouranddockingcharges.）Passengervesselsmustsatisfyastandardofbulkheadsubdivisionthatwillensureadequate

stabilityunderspecifiedconditionsifthehullispiercedaccidentallyorthroughcollision.

Compromiseplaysaconsiderablepartinproducingasatisfactorydesign.Anavalarchitectmustbeamasterofapproximations.Iftherequireddesigncloselyresemblesthatofashipalreadybuiltforwhichfullinformationisavailable,thedesignercancalculatetheeffectsofdifferencesbetweenthisshipandtheprojectedship.If,however,thisinformationisnotavailable,hemustfirstproducecoefficientsbaseduponexperienceand,after

refiningthem,checktheresultsbycalculation.

Training

Therearefourmajorrequirementsforagoodnavalarchitect.Thefirstisaclearunderstandingofthefundamentalprinciplesofappliedscience,particularlythoseaspectsofsciencethathavedirectapplicationtoships------mathematics,physics,mechanics,fluidmechanics,materials,structuralstrength,stability,resistance,andpropulsion.Thesecondisadetailedknowledgeofpastandpresentpracticeinshipbuilding.Thethirdis

personalexperienceofacceptedmethodsinthedesign,construction,andoperationofships;andthefourth,andperhapsmostimportant,isanaptitudefortacklingnewtechnicalproblemsandofdevisingpracticalsolutions.

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TheNavalArchitect

Theprofessionaltrainingofnavalarchitectsdifferswidelyinthevariousmaritimecountries.Unimany

universitiesandpolytechnicschools;suchacademictrainingmustbesupplementedbypracticalexperienceina

Trendsindesignshipyard.

Theintroductionofcalculatingmachinesandcomputershasfacilitatedthecomplexcalculationsrequiredin

navalarchitectureandhasalsointroducednewconceptsindesign.Therearemanycombinationsoflength,

breadth,anddraftthatwillgivearequireddisplacement.Electroniccomputersmakeitpossibletoprepareseries

ofdesignsforavesseltooperateinaparticularserviceandtoassesstheeconomicreturnstotheshipownerfor

eachseparatedesign.Suchaprocedureisbestcarriedoutasajointexercisebyownerandbuilder.Asships

increaseinsizeandcost,suchcombinedtechnicalandeconomicstudiescanbeexpectedtobecomemore

common.

（From―EncyclopediaBritannica‖,Vol.16）

Technicalterms

1.navalarchitect造船工程（设计）师21.breadth船宽

navalarchitecture造船（工程）学22.freeboard干舷2.instruction任务书、指导书23.rule规范3.oiltanker油轮24.tentative试用（暂行）的4.deadweight载重量25.longitudinaldirection纵向5.knot节26.verticaldirection垂向6.specification规格书，设计任务书27.trim纵倾7.vessel船舶28.stability稳性8.cargo货物29.shafthorsepower轴马力9.passenger旅客30.strength强度10.trade贸易31.service航区、服务11.machinery机械、机器32.scantling结构（件）尺寸12.holdcapacity舱容33.frame肋骨13.consumablestore消耗物品34.classificationsociety船级社14.lightweight轻载重量、空船重量35.steering操舵、驾驶15.hull船体36.vibration振动16.dimension尺度、量纲、维（数）37.netregistertonnage净登记吨位17.displacement排水量、位移、置换38.harbour港口18.tonnage吨位39.dues税收19.fineness纤瘦度40.grosstonnage总吨位20.draft吃水41.deductiblespace扣除空间

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TheNavalArchitect42.revenue收入53.resistance阻力

43.docking进坞54.propulsion推进44.charge费用、电荷55.shipbuilding造船45.bulkhead舱壁56.aptitude（特殊）才能，适应性46.subdivision分舱（隔）、细分57.maritime航运，海运47.collision碰撞58.polytechnicalschool工艺（科技）学校48.compromise折衷、调和59.academic学术的49.coefficient系数60.shipyard造船厂50.training培训61.electroniccomputer电子计算机51.fluidmechanics流体力学62.owner船主，物主52.structuralstrength结构强度63.encyclop（a）edia百科全书

AdditionalTermsandExpressions

协会

1.theChineseSocietyofNavalArchitectureand10.Principleofnavalarchitecture造船原理

MarineEngineering（CSNAME）中国造船工程11.shipstatics（orstaticsofnavalarchitecture）造船

学会静力学

2.theChineseSocietyofNavigation中国航海学会12.shipdynamics船舶动力学3.“ShipbuildingofChina‖中国造船13.shipresistanceandpropulsion船舶阻力和推进4.ShipEngineering船舶工程14.shiprollingandpitching船舶摇摆5.“Naval安定MerchantShips”舰船知识15.shipmanoeuvrability船舶操纵性6.ChinaStateShipbuildingCorporation（CSSC）中16.shipconstruction船舶结构

国船舶工业总公司17.shipstructuralmechanics船舶结构力学7.ChinaoffshorePlatformEngineeringCorporation18.shipstrengthandstructuraldesign船舶强度和

（COPECO）中国海洋石油平台工程公司结构设计

8.RoyalInstitutionofNavalArchitects（RINA）英19.shipdesign船舶设计

国皇家造船工程师学会20.shipbuildingtechnology造船工艺9.SocietyofNavalArchitectsandMarine21.marine（orocean）engineering海洋工程

Engineers（SNAME）美国造船师与轮机工程师

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TheNavalArchitect

NotetotheText

1.rangefromAtoB的意思为“从A到B的范围内”，翻译时，根据这个基本意思可以按汉语习惯译成中

文。

例：

Lathesizesrangefromverylittlelatheswiththelengthofthebedinseveralinchestoverylargeones

turningaworkmanyfeetinlength.

车床有大有小，小的车床其车身只有几英寸，大的车床能车削数英尺长的工件。

2.Suchthat可以认为是suchakind/value等的缩写，意思为“这样的类别/值等……以至于……”。

译成

中文是，可根据具体情况加以意译。

例：

Thedepthofthechainlockerissuchthatthecableiseasilystowed.

锚链舱的深度应该使锚链容易存储。

Possessinganattractiveappearance,theshipshouldhavetheminimumnetregistertonnage,thefactoron

whichharbourandoyherduesarebased.

3.Possessinganattractiveappearance现在分词短语，用作表示条件的状语，意译成“船舶除有一个漂亮的

外形……”。

一般说，如分词短语谓语句首，通常表示时间、条件、原因等。

Thefactoronwhich…arebased中的thefactor是前面theminimumnetregistertonnage的铜谓语，而on

which…arebased是定语从句，修饰thefactor。

4.Electroniccomputersmakeitpossibletoprepareseriesiddesignsforavesseltooperateinaparticularservice

andtoassesstheeconomicreturnstotheshipownerforeachseparatedesign.

句中的it是形式宾语，实际宾语为不定式短语toprepareseriesofdesigns…和toassesstheeconomic

returns…

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TheNavalArchitect

LessonTwo

Definitions,PrincipalDimensions

Beforestudyingindetailthevarioustechnicalbranchesofnavalarchitectureitisimportanttodefinechapters.

Thepurposeofthischapteristoexplainthesetermsandtofamiliarisethereaderwiththem.Inthefirstplacethe

dimensionsbywhichthesizeofashipismeasuredwillbeconsidered;theyarereferredtoas?

principaldimensions‘.Theship,likeanysolidbody,requiresthreedimensionstodefineitssize,andthesearealength,a

breadthandadepth.Eachofthesewillbeconsideredinturn.

Principaldimensions

Length

Therearevariouswaysofdefiningthelengthofaship,butfirstthelengthbetweenperpendicularswillbe

considered.Thelengthbetweenperpendicularsisthedistancemeasuredparalleltothebaseatthelevelofthe

summerloadwaterlinefromtheafterperpendiculartotheforwardperpendicular.Theafterperpendicularistaken

astheaftersideoftherudderpostwherethereissuchapost,andtheforwardperpendicularistheverticalline

drawnthr