船舶专业英语.docx

1、船舶专业英语船舶专业英语1 The Naval Architect 1 2 Definitions, Principal Dimensions 5 3 Merchant ship Types 12 4 Ship Design 18 5 General Arrangement 22 6 Ship Lines 27 7 Ship Equilibrium, Stability and Trim 31 8 Estimating Power Requirements 36 9 Ship Motions, Manoeuvrability 41 10 The Function of Ship Structu

2、ral Components 44 11Structural Design, Ship Stresses 48 12Classification Societies 54 13 Shipyard, Organization, Layout 59 14 Planning, From Contract to Working Plans 62 15 Lines Plan and Fairing, Fabrication and Assembly 64 16 Launching and Outfitting 68 17 Sea Trials 70 18 Marine Engines 73 The Na

3、val Architect Lesson One The Naval Architect A naval architect asked to design a ship may receive his instructions in a form ranging from such simple requirements as an oil tanker to carry 100 000 tons deadweight at 15 knots to a fully detailed specification of precisely planned requirements. He is

4、usually required to prepare a design for a vessel that must carry a certain weight of cargo (or number of passengers ) at a specified speed with particular reference to trade requirement; high-density cargoes, such as machinery, require little hold capacity, while the reverse is true for low-density

5、 cargoes, such as grain. Deadweight is defined as weight of cargo plus fuel and consumable stores, and lightweight as the weight of the hull, including machinery and equipment. The designer must choose dimensions such that the displacement of the vessel is equal to the sum of the dead weight and the

6、 lightweight tonnages. The fineness of the hull must be appropriate to the speed. The draft-which is governed by freeboard rules-enables the depth to be determined to a first approximation. After selecting tentative values of length, breadth, depth, draft, and displacement, the designer must achieve

7、 a weight balance. He must also select a moment balance because centres of gravity in both longitudinal and vertical directions must provide satisfactory trim and stability. Additionally, he must estimate the shaft horsepower required for the specified speed; this determines the weight of machinery.

8、 The strength of the hull must be adequate for the service intended, detailed scantlings (frame dimensions and plate thicknesses ) can be obtained from the rules of the classification society. These scantings determine the requisite weight of hull steel. The vessel should possess satisfactory steeri

9、ng characteristics, freedom from troublesome vibration, and should comply with the many varied requirements of international regulations. Possessing an attractive appearance, the ship should have the minimum net register tonnage, the factor on which harbour and other dues are based. (The gross tonna

10、ge represents the volume of all closed-in spaces above the inner bottom. The net tonnage is the gross tonnage minus certain deductible spaces that do not produce revenue. Net tonnage can therefore be regarded as a measure of the earning capacity of the ship, hence its use as a basis for harbour and

11、docking charges. ) Passenger vessels must satisfy a standard of bulkhead subdivision that will ensure adequate stability under specified conditions if the hull is pierced accidentally or through collision. Compromise plays a considerable part in producing a satisfactory design. A naval architect mus

12、t be a master of approximations. If the required design closely resembles that of a ship already built for which full information is available, the designer can calculate the effects of differences between this ship and the projected ship. If, however, this information is not available, he must firs

13、t produce coefficients based upon experience and, after refining them, check the results by calculation. Training There are four major requirements for a good naval architect. The first is a clear understanding of the fundamental principles of applied science, particularly those aspects of science t

14、hat have direct application to ships-mathematics, physics, mechanics, fluid mechanics, materials, structural strength, stability, resistance, and propulsion. The second is a detailed knowledge of past and present practice in shipbuilding. The third is personal experience of accepted methods in the d

15、esign, construction, and operation of ships; and the fourth, and perhaps most important, is an aptitude for tackling new technical problems and of devising practical solutions. -1- The Naval Architect The professional training of naval architects differs widely in the various maritime countries. Uni

16、many universities and polytechnic schools; such academic training must be supplemented by practical experience in a Trends in design shipyard. The introduction of calculating machines and computers has facilitated the complex calculations required in naval architecture and has also introduced new co

17、ncepts in design. There are many combinations of length, breadth, and draft that will give a required displacement. Electronic computers make it possible to prepare series of designs for a vessel to operate in a particular service and to assess the economic returns to the shipowner for each separate

18、 design. Such a procedure is best carried out as a joint exercise by owner and builder. As ships increase in size and cost, such combined technical and economic studies can be expected to become more common. (From Encyclopedia Britannica, Vol. 16) Technical terms 1. naval architect 造船工程（设计）师 21. bre

19、adth 船宽 naval architecture造船（工程）学 22. freeboard 干舷 2. instruction 任务书、指导书 23. rule 规范 3. oil tanker 油轮 24. tentative 试用（暂行）的 4. deadweight 载重量 25. longitudinal direction 纵向 5. knot 节 26. vertical direction 垂向 6. specification 规格书，设计任务书 27. trim 纵倾 7. vessel 船舶 28. stability 稳性 8. cargo 货物 29. shaft

20、horse power 轴马力 9. passenger 旅客 30. strength 强度 10. trade 贸易 31. service 航区、服务 11. machinery 机械、机器 32. scantling 结构（件）尺寸 12. hold capacity 舱容 33. frame 肋骨 13. consumable store 消耗物品 34. classification society 船级社 14. light weight 轻载重量、空船重量 35. steering 操舵、驾驶 15. hull 船体 36. vibration 振动 16. dimension

21、 尺度、量纲、维（数） 37. net register tonnage 净登记吨位 17. displacement 排水量、位移、置换 38. harbour 港口 18. tonnage 吨位 39. dues 税收 19. fineness 纤瘦度 40. gross tonnage 总吨位 20. draft 吃水 41. deductible space 扣除空间 -2- The Naval Architect 42. revenue 收入 53. resistance 阻力 43. docking 进坞 54. propulsion 推进 44. charge 费用、电荷 55.

22、 shipbuilding 造船 45. bulkhead 舱壁 56. aptitude （特殊）才能，适应性 46. subdivision分舱（隔）、细分 57. maritime 航运，海运 47. collision 碰撞 58. polytechnical school 工艺（科技）学校 48. compromise 折衷、调和 59. academic 学术的 49. coefficient 系数 60. shipyard 造船厂 50. training 培训 61. electronic computer 电子计算机 51. fluid mechanics 流体力学 62.

23、owner 船主，物主 52. structural strength 结构强度 63. encyclop(a)edia 百科全书 Additional Terms and Expressions 协会 1. the Chinese Society of Naval Architecture and 10. Principle of naval architecture 造船原理 Marine Engineering (CSNAME) 中国造船工程11. ship statics (or statics of naval architecture) 造船学会 静力学 2. the Chines

24、e Society of Navigation中国航海学会 12. ship dynamics 船舶动力学 3. “Shipbuilding of China 中国造船 13. ship resistance and propulsion 船舶阻力和推进 4. Ship Engineering 船舶工程 14. ship rolling and pitching 船舶摇摆 5. “Naval 安定Merchant Ships” 舰船知识 15. ship manoeuvrability 船舶操纵性 6. China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) 中

25、16. ship construction 船舶结构 国船舶工业总公司 17. ship structural mechanics 船舶结构力学 7. China offshore Platform Engineering Corporation 18. ship strength and structural design 船舶强度和(COPECO) 中国海洋石油平台工程公司 结构设计 8. Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA) 英19. ship design 船舶设计 国皇家造船工程师学会 20. shipbuilding techno

26、logy 造船工艺 9. Society of Naval Architects and Marine 21. marine (or ocean) engineering 海洋工程 Engineers (SNAME) 美国造船师与轮机工程师 -3- The Naval Architect Note to the Text 1. range from A to B 的意思为“从A到B的范围内”，翻译时，根据这个基本意思可以按汉语习惯译成中文。例： Lathe sizes range from very little lathes with the length of the bed in sev

27、eral inches to very large ones turning a work many feet in length. 车床有大有小，小的车床其车身只有几英寸，大的车床能车削数英尺长的工件。 2. Such that 可以认为是such a kind/value 等的缩写，意思为“这样的类别/值等以至于”。译成中文是，可根据具体情况加以意译。例： The depth of the chain locker is such that the cable is easily stowed. 锚链舱的深度应该使锚链容易存储。 Possessing an attractive appea

28、rance, the ship should have the minimum net register tonnage,the factor on which harbour and oyher dues are based. 3. Possessing an attractive appearance现在分词短语，用作表示条件的状语，意译成“船舶除有一个漂亮的外形”。一般说，如分词短语谓语句首，通常表示时间、条件、原因等。 The factor on whichare based中的the factor是前面the minimum net register tonnage的铜谓语，而on

29、whichare based是定语从句，修饰the factor。 4. Electroniccomputers make it possible to prepare series id designs for a vessel to operate in a particular service and to assess the economic returns to the shipowner for each separate design. 句中的it是形式宾语，实际宾语为不定式短语 to prepare series of designs 和to assess the econo

30、mic returns -4- The Naval Architect Lesson Two Definitions, Principal Dimensions Before studying in detail the various technical branches of naval architecture it is important to define chapters. The purpose of this chapter is to explain these terms and to familiarise the reader with them. In the fi

31、rst place the dimensions by which the size of a ship is measured will be considered; they are referred to as ?principal dimensions. The ship, like any solid body, requires three dimensions to define its size, and these are a length, a breadth and a depth. Each of these will be considered in turn. Pr

32、incipal dimensions Length There are various ways of defining the length of a ship, but first the length between perpendiculars will be considered. The length between perpendiculars is the distance measured parallel to the base at the level of the summer load waterline from the after perpendicular to the forward perpendicular. The after perpendicular is taken as the after side of the rudder post where there is such a post, and the forward perpendicular is the vertical line drawn thr