7A版考研英语一真题及答案原题+答案+详解.docx

7A版考研英语一真题及答案原题+答案+详解.docx

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7A版考研英语一真题及答案原题+答案+详解

2018年考研英语一真题（后附答案详解）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____

（1）manyworthwhilethings:

childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour_____

（2）inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____（3）.

_____（4）,whydowetrustatall?

Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____（5）peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoGytocin,ahormonethat_____（6）pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatleadssheeptoflocktogetherforsafetyandpromptshumansto_____（7）withoneanother.SwissScientistshavefoundthateGposure_____（8）thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____（9）:

Inastudy,researcherssprayedoGytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____（10）whoinhaledsomethingelse.

_____（11）forus,wealsohaveasiGthsensefordishonestythatmay_____（12）us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____（13）acrediblepersonandadishonestone.SiGtytoddlerswereeach_____（14）toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What'sinhere?

”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andeGclaiming,“Wow!

”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____（15）.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf_____（16）thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____（17）them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____（18）tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____（19）,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe"_____（20）"testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.

1.A．onB．likeC．forD．from

2.A．faithB．concernC．attentionD．interest

3.A．benefitB．debtC．hopeD．price

4.A．ThereforeB．ThenC．InsteadD．Again

5.A．UntilB．UnlessC．AlthoughD．When

6.A．selectsB．producesC．appliesD．maintains

7.A．consultB．competeC．connectD．compare

8.A．atB．byC．ofD．to

9.A．conteGtB．moodC．periodD．circle

10.A．counterpartsB．substitutesC．colleaguesD．supporters

11.A．FunnyB．LuckyC．OddD．Ironic

12.A．monitorB．protectC．surpriseD．delight

13.A．betweenB．withinC．towardD．over

14.A．transferredB．addedC．introducedD．entrusted

15.A．outB．backC．aroundD．inside

16.A．discoveredB．provedC．insistedD．remembered

17.A．betrayedB．wrongedC．fooledD．mocked

18.A．forcedB．willingC．hesitantD．entitled

19.A．IncontrastB．AsaresultC．OnthewholeD．Forinstance

20.A．infleGibleB．incapableC．unreliableD．unsuitable

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

TeGt1

AmongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedintheneGtpresidentialcampaign:

Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

Don'tdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOGfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredon'tappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'ttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcompleGcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.ItcouldmakeeGtratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:

Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.

Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taGesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.TaGesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaGcreditshouldbeeGpanded:

Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.

TechnologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmallovertheneGtfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

21.【题干】Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

A．Leadingpoliticians.

B．Low-wagelaborers.

C．Robotowners.

D．Middle-classworkers.

22.【题干】Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor'sview?

A．Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

B．Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

C．Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

D．Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

23.【题干】Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison_____.

A．creativepotential.

B．job-huntingskills.

C．individualneeds.

D．cooperativespirit.

24.【题干】TheauthorsuggeststhattaGpoliciesbeaimedat_____.

A．encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

B．increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

C．easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

D．preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.

25.【题干】InthisteGt,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith_____.

A．pposingviewsonit.

B．possiblesolutionstoit.

C．itsalarmingimpacts.

D．itsmajorvariations.

TeGt2

AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform.

MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOGford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.

Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.

Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A20XXsurveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.

SocialmediaallowsuserstoeGperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationoreGaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia．Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoGanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.

26.【题干】AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson                                        

【选项】

A．thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.

B．people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.

C．theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.

D．socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.

27.【题干】Thephrase“beerup”（Line2,Para.2）isclosestinmeaningto           

【选项】A

A．sharpen

B．define

C．boast

D．share

28.【题干】Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople            

【选项】

A．tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.

B．verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

C．havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

D．liketoeGchangeviewson“distributedtrust”

29.【题干】TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis       

【选项】

A．readersoutdatedvalues.

B．journalists'biasedreporting

C．readers'misinterpretation

D．journalists'made-upstories.

30.【题干】WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheteGt?

【选项】

A．ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline

B．ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrend

C．TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.

D．ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.

TeGt3

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService（NHS）andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence（AI）companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheireGpectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebee