高考英语浙江专用优编增分二轮试题专题2 阅读理解 第2节 题型三 9.docx

高考英语浙江专用优编增分二轮试题专题2 阅读理解 第2节 题型三 9.docx

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高考英语浙江专用优编增分二轮试题专题2阅读理解第2节题型三9

九、词句猜测——代词指代题

（2017·全国Ⅱ，B）

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968，whenGeorgeRoyHill，thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid，introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon’tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat；theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.

ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference，webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft（技艺）andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors：

humorous，aggressive，andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.

Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess，youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill，andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly，butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.

Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas，andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.

24．Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletotheauthoratfirst?

A．PaulNewmanwantedit.

B．Thestudiopowersdidn’tlikehisagent.

C．Hewasn’tfamousenough.

D．Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.

答案　C

解+析　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.”可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选C项。

25．WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship?

A．Theywereofthesameage.

B．Theyworkedinthesametheater.

C．Theywerebothgoodactors.

D．Theyhadsimilarcharacteristics.

答案　D

解+析　推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors：

humorous，aggressive，andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.”可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。

26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?

A．Theirbelief.

B．Theircareforchildren.

C．Theirsuccess.

D．Theirsupportforeachother.

答案　A

解+析　代词指代题。

根据第三段第一句“Wesharedthebeliefthat...”以及下面对belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起，故选A项。

27．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?

A．Toshowhisloveoffilms.

B．Torememberafriend.

C．Tointroduceanewmovie.

D．Tosharehisactingexperience.

答案　B

解+析　写作意图题。

本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，故选B项。

一、题型解读

代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。

有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。

设问形式常有：

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this/it/them/which...”referto?

（2）Theunderlinedpart“it/that/they/which...”inParagraph...refersto“”．

二、解题技巧——“就近原则”判指代

第一步：

明确代词所指代内容的位置

代词永远出现在原词之后，故代词所指代的内容在这一句的前面一句中，或者前几句中。

第二步：

熟悉代词的含义

（1）it/this/that可指代一件事。

（2）it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。

（3）which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。

第三步：

替换核实再比较

（1）用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。

（2）比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。

例如：

【真题感悟】中第26题，sharingthat与前面的sharedthebelief呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；thebelief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选A项。

A

（2018·河南新乡二模）

Throughoutthepastfewyears，Ihavetriedtogivemyselftoothers.IhavebouncedaroundtofindwhereItrulyfitin.IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala，anorphanage（孤儿院），withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives，Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential：

7makeupandanyothersortofluxury（奢侈品）．Ilivedliketheydid.Itwasthemostrelaxingfeelingintheworld.

WhenatNuestrosPequenosHermanos，weweregiventhetaskofcreatingapig8pen.Atfirst，Ithoughtitshouldbeeasy.Afterarrivingattheareawherethepigpenshouldbe，wesawahill.Weweretoldto1uproottheweedsaswellasleveltheentirearea.Lookingatit，wefeltitwouldbeimpossible.Onmyownfaithjourney，Ihavefeltthistypeofdoubtbefore.The“hole”，aswereferredto，isasymbolofmyfaithjourney.Itappearedtobean2obstacleIcouldnotovercome，butintheendIcompleteditwithefforts.Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.

I’vealwaysstruggledtobeonajourneyoffaith，butI’venevercompletelysteppedfootontothepathuntilGuatemala.I’vealwaystriedtoopenmyhearttoeveryonearoundmeandgivethemmylove.IfeelasthoughIcutopenmyheartandshareeverybitofloveIhadwiththeseorphans.ThereisoneorphannamedCetowhowillalwaysremainveryclosetomyheart.InGuatemala，Isponsorwiththirtydollarsamonth，butitdoesn’tseemenough.I’llreturntherenextsummerandgivemoreofmyloveforawholemonth.

Whenitwastimetoleave，Ilookedoutofthewindowandsawnotjustordinarychildren.Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.

语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，改变了自己的生活，从而改变了自己的人生。

1．Whatresultedintheauthor’sdecisiontoliveanewlife?

A．Desiretohelpothers.

B．Decreaseinhisincome.

C．Aknowledgeoftheorphans’life.

D．Awarenessofthedifficultyinhislife.

答案　C

解+析　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala，anorphanage（孤儿院），withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives，Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential”可知，作者了解到孤儿的生活之后，决定改变自己的生活。

故选C。

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?

A．Removingthedoubt.

B．Uprootingtheweed.

C．Startingthefaithjourney.

D．Creatingthepigpen.

答案　D

解+析　代词指代题。

根据画线词后面的“Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.”可以猜测出，it代指建造猪圈这件事。

故选D。

3．WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisexperienceinGuatemala?

A．Itwasregretful.

B．Itwasmeaningful.

C．Itwasinteresting.

D．Itwasfrightening.

答案　B

解+析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。

故选B。

4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A．AStepintoaNewWorld

B．AnAwfulFaithJourney

C．AGreatSuccessinLife

D．AReturnofConfidence

答案　A

解+析　标题归纳题。

根据最后一段中的“Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出，在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。

故用AStepintoaNewWorld作为本文的标题最佳。

故选A。

B

（2018·内蒙古包头一模）

Vinegarisgreat.Itmakessalad，friesanddumplingstastebetter，andyoucanevencleanyourwindowswithit.Andnow，accordingtoscientists，itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience（CSRS）inJapanprovedthat.Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture，worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.

ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis，aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions，itproducedachemicalcalledacetate（醋酸盐）—themain3componentofvinegar.

Afterdiscoveringthis，thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days，theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived，whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.

It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment，wetargetedthe4staplefoodsoftheworld—rice，wheatandmaize...andprovedsuccessful，”JongMyongKim，co-authorofthestudy，toldPopularSciencemagazine.

Kimhasalreadybeenintouchwithpeoplearoundtheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromfarmerstocompaniesand5amateurgardeners.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewiththemtomakeamethodtoapplythissystem，andmaketheprocessassimpleaspossible，”hesaid.Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.

语篇解读　本文是一篇科普类文章。

文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象：

给植物加点“醋”，植物就能变得更耐旱……

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1referto?

A．Vinegarmayhelpcreaturessurvivebadweather.

B．VinegarisfoundinplantsbyJapanesescientists.

C．Vinegarisveryusefulforcookingagoodmeal.

D．Vinegarismainlyusedbypeopletocleanhouses.

答案　A

解+析　代词指代题。

根据画线词前一句“Andnow，accordingtoscientists，itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。

故选A。

6．ScientistsinJapanfindfromtheirstudiesthat.

A．theArabidopsiscouldsurviveindryweatherbecauseoftheshape

B．soilconditioncouldbechangedbypouringvinegarcontinually

C．theacetatecanbeusedbyfarmerstoreplacethesoil

D．theplantstreatedwithacetatecouldsurvivedryconditions

答案　D

解+析　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.”可知，在酸性环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。

故选D。

7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A．It’stoodifficultforfarmerstoacceptthemethod.

B．Howtodecreasethecostisthemainissue.

C．Themethodis6promisingespeciallyinagriculture.

D．Keepingplantsalivemeansalotforscientists.

答案　C

解+析　推理判断题。

根据