英语词汇学自考题 4.docx
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英语词汇学自考题4
英语词汇学自考题-4
(总分:
100.00,做题时间:
90分钟)
一、Ⅰ.(总题数:
15,分数:
30.00)
1.Whichkindofmeaningisthemeaningthatisgiveninthedictionaryandthatformsthecore
ofword-meaning?
A.Conceptualmeaning.B.Grammaticalmeaning.
C.Lexicalmeaning.D.Associativemeaning.
(分数:
2.00)
A.√
B.
C.
D.
解析:
2.Thesemanticchangeofthewordgirlfromayoungpersonofeithersexto
emaleyoung
personiscalled______.
A.extensionB.narrowing
C.degradationD.elevation
(分数:
2.00)
A.
B.√
C.
D.
解析:
3.Tulipand
oseare______of
lower.
A.synonymsB.antonyms
C.homonymsD.hyponyms
(分数:
2.00)
A.
B.
C.
D.√
解析:
上下义关系(hyponymy)指的是词语之间的语义包含关系,即一个意思比较具体的词包含在另外一个意思比较具有概括性的词里面。
题目中的“tulip”和“rose”两个词包含在“flower”一词的语义里面。
4.Transferasamodeofsemanticchangecanbeillustratedbytheexampleof______.
A.domicileforhomeB.diminutiveforwee
C.purseformoneyD.eaverforgirl/
(分数:
2.00)
A.
B.
C.√
D.
解析:
转移(transfer)指的是本来指代一样事物的词语转而指代其他的事物。
题目中的“purse”原来指装硬币或者纸币的扁平小包,现在则可以指“钱”。
这种转移叫相关性转移(associativetransfer)。
5.Thewordcriticizemeansofindfaultwithnowadays.Butitsoriginalmeaningwas______.
A.curseB.review
C.appraiseD.view
(分数:
2.00)
A.
B.
C.√
D.
解析:
词的降格(degradation)指的是本来含有褒义或者能使人产生积极联想的词逐渐含有贬义的过程。
题目中的“criticize”原意为“评价”,而其现在的意思是“批评”。
6.______explainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseandfigurativesenseoftheword.
A.EtymologicalmotivationB.Semanticmotivation
C.MorphologicalmotivationD.Onomatopoeicmotivation
(分数:
2.00)
A.
B.√
C.
D.
解析:
语义理据指的是由词的概念意义激发出的对词的相关联想,它可以解释词的字面意义和比喻意义的联系。
7.Whichtwoofthefollowingareperfecthomonyms?
A.Bear(n.)/Bear(v.).B.Are(v.)/R.
C.Bow(n.)/Bow(v.).D.Sow(v.)/Sow(n.).
(分数:
2.00)
A.√
B.
C.
D.
解析:
完全同形同音异义词(perfecthomonyms)指的是词形和发音都相同但是意义不同的词。
题目中“bow”(n.)和“bow”(v.)一组及“sow”(v.)和“sow”(n.)互为同形异音异义词(homographs);“are”和“R”互为同音异形异义词(homophones),但D项两词发音不相同,不是完全同形同音异义词。
8.Thedifferencesbetweensynonymsboildowntothethreeareas:
______.
A.denotation,connotationandintensityB.connotation,intensityandapplication
C.denotation,connotationandapplicationD.connotation,implicationandapplication
(分数:
2.00)
A.
B.
C.√
D.
解析:
同义词之间的差异主要表现在以下几个方面:
外延(denotation),内涵(connotation),以及各自的应用(application)。
9.Wordslikemiaow,ick-tuckandping-pongare______motivated.
A.onomatopoeicallyB.morphologically
C.semanticallyD.etymologically
(分数:
2.00)
A.√
B.
C.
D.
解析:
题目中“miaow”,“tick-tuck”,“ping-pong”等词都是通过模仿自然莽中的声音而产生的,它们的发膏可以表示出其意义,因此它们都是拟声理据(onomatopoeicallymotivated)词。
10.Antonymsareoftenusedinproverbsto______.
A.formantithesistoachieveemphasisB.expressideaseasily
C.formmetaphorsD.expressideaseconomically
(分数:
2.00)
A.√
B.
C.
D.
解析:
反义词(antonyms)常常被放置在一起,形成对偶(antithesis),以此起到强调的作用。
许多格言、谚语都有此特征,例如:
morehaste,lessspeed(欲速则不迭)。
11.Thattherelationshipbetweentheword-formandmeaningisconventionalandarbitrarymeans
that______.
A.theconnectionbetweenthesignandmeaninghasalogicalexplanation
B.allthewordsarenon-motivated
C.theconnectionbetweenthesignandmeaningdoesnothavealogicalexplanation
D.noneoftheabove
(分数:
2.00)
A.
B.
C.√
D.
解析:
12.Extensioncanbeillustratedbythefollowingexample:
______.
A.butcher→onewhokillsgoatsB.journal→periodical
C.companion→onewhosharesbreadD.mill→placesforgrinding
(分数:
2.00)
A.
B.√
C.
D.
解析:
词义的扩大(extension)指的是原本意思较为具体的词的意思变得较为概括的过程。
题目中的“journal”原意为“日报”,而现在的意思是“期刊”。
13.Motivationaccountsfortheconnectionbetweentheword-formand______.
A.itsreferentB.itsreferringexpressions
C.itsmeaningD.itsconcept
(分数:
2.00)
A.
B.
C.√
D.
解析:
14.Theantonymsigandsmallare______.
A.contradictorytermsB.contraryterms
C.relativetermsD.connectedterms
(分数:
2.00)
A.
B.√
C.
D.
解析:
对立反义词(contraryterms)可通过两个反义词意义的两极之间不同层级的对立得以最好地体现。
此类反义词是可以分级、对立存在的。
15.Fromthediachronicpointofview,whenthewordwascreated,itwasendowedwithonlyone
meaning.Thefirstmeaningiscalled______.
A.primarymeaningB.derivedmeaning
C.centralmeaningD.basicmeaning
(分数:
2.00)
A.√
B.
C.
D.
解析:
二、Ⅱ.(总题数:
5,分数:
15.00)
16.1isasemanticprocessinwhichtheprimarymeaningstandsatthecenterandthesecondmeaning
proceedsoutineverydirectionlikerays.
(分数:
3.00)
填空项1:
__________________(正确答案:
Radiation)
解析:
17.1isaprocessbywhichaworddenotingonethingchangestorefertoadifferentbutrelated
thing.
(分数:
3.00)
填空项1:
__________________(正确答案:
Transfer)
解析:
18.Contrarytermsare1antonyms.
(分数:
3.00)
填空项1:
__________________(正确答案:
gradable)
解析:
19.Byetymologicalmotivation,wemeanthatthemeaningofaparticularwordisrelatedtoits
1.
(分数:
3.00)
填空项1:
__________________(正确答案:
origin)
解析:
20.GroundfloorinBritishEnglishand
irstfloorinAmericanEnglishhavethesame1.
(分数:
3.00)
填空项1:
__________________(正确答案:
sense)
解析:
三、Ⅲ.(总题数:
5,分数:
20.00)
21.connotation
(分数:
4.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
(Connotationrefertotheovertonesorassociationssuggestedbytheconceptual
meaning.)
解析:
22.motivation
(分数:
4.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
(Motivationreferstotherelationshipbetweenthestructureofaword/thelinguistic
symbolandismeaning.)
解析:
23.contraryterms
)4.00(分数:
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
(Antonymsofthistypearebestviewedintermsofascalerunningbetweentwopoles
orextremes,suchasrichandpoor.)
解析:
24.hyponymy
(分数:
4.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
(Hyponymydealswiththerelationshipofsemanticinclusion.Thatis,themeaningof
amorespecificwordisincludedinthatofanothermoregeneralword.)
解析:
25.collocativemeaning
(分数:
4.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
(Collocativemeaningistheword-meaningwhichissuggestedbythewordsbeforeorafter
thewordindiscussion.)
解析:
四、Ⅳ.(总题数:
3,分数:
15.00)
26.Whatisasemanticfield?
Whyisitusefulinourreading?
(分数:
5.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
(Asemanticfieldisameaningareawherewordssharethesameconcept.Asemanticfield
isusefulbecauseithelpspindownthemeaningsofwordsinrelationtootherwordsinthesemantic
field.Often,awordisnotknownuntilthewordsthatoperatewithitbecomeknown.)
解析:
27.Whatisthedifferencebetweenpolysemyandperfecthomonyms?
(分数:
5.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
(Polysemyisacommonfeatureofallnaturallanguages:
itmeansawordhastwoormore
meanings.Perfecthomonymsarewordsidenticalbothinsoundandspelling,butdifferentin
meaning.)
解析:
28.Howdoyouunderstandsemanticmotivation?
(分数:
5.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
(Semanticmotivationreferstothementalassociationssuggestedbytheconceptual
meaningofaword.Itexplainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseandfigurativesenseof
theword.)
解析:
20.00)
,分数:
2总题数:
(Ⅴ.五、.
29.Explainthemeaningofthephrasealaconicanswer,usingthetheoryofmotivation.
(分数:
10.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
(LaconicisderivedfromLacons,atribeofpeoplewhowereknownfortheirrevity
ofspeechandfortheirhabitofneverusingmorewordsthannecessary.Solaconicmeansrief
orshort.Itisetymologicallymotivated.Alaconicanswerthusisashortanswer.)
解析:
30.ExplaintherhetoricuseofhomonymsinB'sspeech.GivethetwoversionsofpossibleChinese
translation.
A:
Whatcolourwouldyoupaintthesunandthewind?
B:
Thesunroseandwindblue./
(分数:
10.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
(Thewordrosecanbedefinedintwoways:
colourofroseandthepastformoftheverb
ise;lue.intwowaystoo:
thecolourblueandthepastformoftheverblow.Thefollowing
aretwoversionsofChinesetranslation:
①粉红的太阳,蓝色的风。
②太阳升起来了,风吹起来了。
)
解析: