英语考研真题答案.docx

英语考研真题答案.docx

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英语考研真题答案

2008英语考研真题答案

【篇一：

2008考研英语

（一）真题及答案解析】

ass=txt>sectioniuseofenglish

directions:

readthefollowingtext.choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarka,b,cordonanswersheet1.（10points）

theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.butgregorycochranis1tosayitanyway.heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.

5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentraleurope.theprocessisnaturalselection.

thisgroupgenerallydowelliniqtest,912-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeofthewest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists,13theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.thesefacts,14avepreviouslybeenthoughtuelated.theformerhasbeen15socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16ucation.thelatterwasseenasa（an）17geneticisolation.dr.cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18isargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19emtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20ateofaffairs.

1.[a]selected[b]prepared[c]obliged[d]pleased

2.[a]unique[b]particular[c]special[d]rare

3.[a]of[b]with[c]in[d]against

4.[a]subsequently[b]presently[c]previously[d]lately

5.[a]only[b]so[c]even[d]hence

6.[a]thought[b]sight[c]cost[d]risk

7.[a]advises[b]suggests[c]protests[d]objects

8.[a]progress[b]fact[c]need[d]question

9.[a]attaining[b]scoring[c]reaching[d]calculating

10.[a]normal[b]common[c]mean[d]total

11.[a]unconsciously[b]disproportionately

[c]indefinitely[d]unaccountably

12.[a]missions[b]fortunes[c]interests[d]careers

13.[a]affirm[b]witness[c]observe[d]approve

14.[a]moreover[b]therefore[c]however[d]meanwhile

15.[a]givenup[b]gotover[c]carriedon[d]putdown

16.[a]assessing[b]supervising[c]administering[d]valuing

17.[a]development[b]origin[c]consequence[d]instrument

18.[a]linked[b]integrated[c]woven[d]combined

19.[a]limited[b]subjected[c]converted[d]directed

20.[a]paradoxical[b]incompatible[c]inevitable[d]continuous

sectioniireadingcomprehension

parta

directions:

readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosinga,b,cord.markyouranswersonanswersheet1.（40points）

text1

whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory.“womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen,”accordingtodr.yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatnewyork’sveteran’sadministrationhospital.

studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries（thefemalereproductiveorgans）removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.

dr.yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes.“ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress.menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolence.thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituations,by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals.thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbequitedevastating.”

adelinealvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege.“istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree.iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter.”later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother.“it’sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt.ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”

noteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesalvarezdescribes.butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.alvarez’sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.

21.whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

[a]womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress.

[b]womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.

[c]womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress.

[d]menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress.

22.dr.yehuda’sresearchsuggeststhatwomen

[a]needextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress.

[b]havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.

[c]aremorecapableofavoidingstress.

[d]areexposedtomorestress.

23.accordingtoparagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobe

[a]domesticandtemporary.

[b]irregularandviolent.

[c]durableandfrequent.

[d]trivialandrandom.

24.thesentence“ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck.”（line6,para.5）showsthat

[a]alvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.

[b]alvarez’ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses.

[c]alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs.

[d]alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck.

25.whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[a]strainofstress:

nowayout?

[b]responsestostress:

genderdifference

[c]stressanalysis:

whatchemicalssay

[d]genderinequality:

womenunderstress

text2

itusedtobesostraightforward.ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors’namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview.dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher,andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.

nolonger.theinternet-andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccesstoit-ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.theorganizationforeconomicco-operationanddevelopment（oecd）hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis.thereport,byjohnhoughtonofvictoriauniversityinaustraliaandgrahamvickeryoftheoecd,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits.butitgoesfurtherthanthat.itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.

thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.itisbigbusiness.inamerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.theinternationalassociationofscientific,technicalandmedicalpublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects.theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.

thisisnowchanging.accordingtotheoecdreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythe

report’sauthors.thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughsite-licensingagreements.thereisopen-accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor（orhisemployer）topayforthepapertobepublished.finally,thereareopen-accessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutionalrepositories.othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers.

26.inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscusses

[a]thebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.

[b]thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports.

[c]therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.

[d]thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.

27.whichofthefollowingistrueoftheoecdreport?

[a]itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.

[b]itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.

[c]itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.

[d]itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.

28.accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthat

[a]itprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.

[b]itbringshugeprofitstoscientificresearchers.

[c]itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge.

[d]itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.

29.withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredto

[a]coverthecostofitspublicati