AP Chemistry Syllabus.docx
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APChemistrySyllabus
APChemistrySyllabus
CourseOverview:
APChemistryisthebasicprofessionalknowledgeingeneralChemistry.Itisequivalenttothatoftheyear-longcollege/pre-universitylevellearningofChemistryconcepts.ChemistrycontainsallnecessaryteachingmaterialaboutStructureofMatter,StatesofMatter,Reactions,DescriptiveChemistry,Laboratory.Thecoursedeliverytargettimeisscheduledas36weeksofclassroomstudy.Eachweekhasminimum7lessonsof40minuteperiod.Atthebeginningofeachchapter,studentsaregivenaReadingGuidethatlistsreadingassignmentstobecompletedpriortoclassandincludesspecificreadinggoalsforeachevening.Attheendofeachunitthestudentsaregivenastudyguidethatincorporatesallthemajorconcepts,applicationsandcalculationsforthatunit.Solutionsarepostedandstudentsareresponsibleforcheckingtheirownworkandcorrectingmistakes.
CourseObjectives:
∙Developstrongproblemsolvingandcriticalthinkingskills.
∙Developandreinforceacollaborative,teamworkproblemsolvingapproaches.
∙Developlaboratoryskillsincluding:
questioning,developinganexperimentalprocedure,observing,datacollection,anddataanalysis,includinggraphicalanalysis.
∙Developanunderstandingofhowweexperiencechemistryinoureverydaylivesandofhowchemistryisappliedintherealworld.
MediumofInstruction:
ENGLISH
Quizzes&Tests:
Acoupleofquizzesaregivenattheendofeachunit.Periodictestcontainsmultiplechoicequestions,openended,structureandskilltestquestionsbasedonAPexamstyle.
APExamReview
Fourweekswillbedevotedtoageneralreviewandexampreparation.
Grading:
PeriodicTest/Quizzes40%
Laboratoryreports25%
MidtermExam20%
Classroomactivities10%
Attendance5%
TextBook:
CrackingtheAPChemistryExam,2014Edition(Revised)(CollegeTestPreparation)
Laboratory
Studentsarerequiredtoworkingroupsoftwotofourstudents,dependingonclasssize.Eachindividualstudentisrequiredtowritealabreportforeachlabperformedandkeptinasectionoftheirnotebook.Labgroupsareencouragedtoworkonthereportstogetherbuttheymustbeturnedinandstoredindividually.Eachlabreportincludesthefollowingsections:
Introduction(astatementoftheproblemorinvestigation,includingnecessarybackgroundinformationandhypotheses),Materials,Procedures,QuantitativeData,QualitativeData,Results,AnalysisandConclusionsGroupsaregivenonetotwoperiodstocompletealabandiftheyhavenotfinishedbythattimetheyarerequiredtocompletethelabafterschoolbeforethewrite-upisdue.
Homework
Homeworkisgivenfrequentlyandemphasizesconceptsandcalculationstaughtinclasseachday.Allhomeworkisgradedandlatehomeworkisnotaccepted.Eachproblemisselectedtonotonlyreiterateimportantmaterialbutalsotocompelthestudentstousetheirknowledgeinwaysnotdiscussedinclass.Homeworkisworkedoutandgradedbythestudentsinclassonthedayitisdue;problemsandconcernsareaddressedatthistimeaswell.Ifthestudentscometosomethingtheycannotcomplete,Iwillstepinandexplain.
PreparingFortheAPExam
Throughouttheyearproblemsfromreleasedtestsaregivenasextracreditordiscussionquestionstoenrichlearningofaparticulartopic.Theclassisdesignedtofinishinmid-Aprilandthreeweeksaregiventoexampreparation.Studentstakeatleastthreebutnomorethansixreleasedtests,scorethemandthenacoupleofperiodsaregiventoclassdiscussiononquestionsthatweretroublesomebeforethenexttestistaken.Insomecases,contentreviewhandoutsaregivenifnecessarytorefreshstudentknowledgeofparticulartopics.Studentsareencouragedtotakeotherpracticetestsoutsideofclassandpresentinterestingorespeciallydifficultproblemstotheclass.
Coursetopicsandtimeline:
Thecourseisarrangedbychapter,majorinformationandlabs;however,itdoesnotfollowthesequenceofthetextbook.
Chapter1:
Introduction:
MatterandMeasurement(3weeks)
StatesofMatter
Mixturesandmeansofseparation
ElementsandCompounds
PhysicalandChemicalchanges/properties
SIUnits(includeshethreetemperaturescalesandnecessaryconversions)
PrecisionandAccuracywithapplicationtoscientificdata
SignificantFigures&Calculations
DimensionalAnalysis:
includessimplecalculationsandmorecomplicatedcalculationsinvolvingtemperature,length,speed,densityandtime
Labs
(1)EvidenceforaChemicalChange:
studentswillbeperformingandobservingseveralprecipitatereactions.Theymustthenhypothesizewaystorecovervariousproductsfromthesolutionsandprovidewordequationsforthereactions.Studentsmustalsodescribetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofmetalrecyclingdoneintheexperiment.
(2)DensityofSolidsandLiquids:
Measurements&SignificantFigures:
Studentsmustcalibrateavolumetricpipetteandgraduatedcylinderusingtemperatureanddensityofwaterdata.Theymustthenfindthedensityofanunknownliquid,regularlyshapedsolidandanirregularlyshapedsolid.
(3)SeparationoftheComponentsofaMixtureBasedonPhysicalProperties:
Afterseparatingamixturebasedonsolubility,meltingpointsandboilingpoints,studentsmustdeterminethemasspercentofeachcomponentofthemixture.
Chapter2:
Atoms,MoleculesandIons(1week)
HistoryofAtomicTheory
DiscoveryofAtomicStructure
Isotopes
FormulasandNomenclatureofMolecules,IonicCompoundsandAcids
Chapter6:
ElectronicStructureofAtoms(2weeks)
NatureofLightandElectromagneticRadiation
PhotonsandthePhotoelectricEffect
Bohr’sModeloftheHydrogenAtom
Calculationsinvolvingtherelationshipsbetweenelectronenergy,orbit,theRydbergconstant,andenergychangesduetochangeinprincipalquantumnumber
DeBroglie’sequation
TheHeisenbergUncertaintyPrinciple
ThePauliExclusionPrincipleandHund’sRule
OrbitalDiagrams&ElectronConfigurations
QuantumNumbers
Labs
(1)FlameTests:
Thestudentswilltesttheflameproducedbyvariousmetalnitratesandsodiumchloride.Studentswillhavetotakeintoaccounttheprobablecontaminationofsodiuminothermetalsandtheuseofcobaltglass.
Chapter7:
PeriodicProperties(2weeks)
HistoryandDevelopmentofPeriodicTable
Periodicityconcerningthefollowingtopicswithrequiredexplanationofreasonforobserved
trend:
atomicsize,bondingatomicradii,ionizationenergyandelectronaffinity
ComparisonofPropertiesofmetals,nonmetalsandmetalloids
TrendswiththeActiveMetals
TrendswithNonmetals,includinghydrogen,theoxygengroup,thehalogensandthenoblegases
Labs
(1)AnActivitySeries:
Studentswillhavetotestthereactionsofseveralmetalsandthehalidesandarrangethemintoanactivityseriesbasedontheresults.Thislabalsointroducesthemtotheconceptsofoxidation/reduction&standardreductionpotentials.
Chapter8:
BasicConceptsofChemicalBonding(3weeks)
LewisStructuresandtheOctetRulewithrelationshiptoionization
EnergeticsofIonicBondFormation,withcalculationsoflatticeenergy
InvestigationoftheBorn-HaberCycle
FormationandsizeofIons(bothmonatomicandpolyatomic)
IsoelectronicSeries
LewisStructuresofCovalentMolecules(includesexceptionstooctetrule)
Electronegativity,PolarityandDipoleMoments
CalculationofFormalChargeUsingLewisStructures
ResonanceStructures
CalculationofBond&ReactionEnthalpywithrelationshiptobondlength
Lab
(1)Energy&Entropy:
PhaseChanges:
Studentswilldeterminethefreezingandmeltingpointofsodiumthiosulfatepentahydrate.Afterthedatahasbeengathered,studentsmustplottheirresultsandusethegraphtocomparetheirquantitativeresultswiththeentropyofthesubstance.
Chapter9:
MolecularGeometryandBondingTheories(2weeks)
MolecularShapeandVSEPRTheory
EffectsofLonePairsandMultipleBondsonBondAngles
ExpandedValenceShells
SigmaandPiBonds
Hybridization
MultipleBondsandDelocalizedPiBondingwithemphasisonbenzene
BondOrder
ParamagnetismandDiamagnetism
Lab
(1)MolecularModels:
LewisDotFormulas,VSEPRTheoryandValenceBondTheory:
StudentswillusethechemicalformulaofacompoundtodeterminetheLewisdotstructure,electronicgeometry,model,moleculargeometry,symmetryandpolarity.
(2)WaterofCrystallizationandFormulaofaHydrate:
Studentswilldeterminetheamountofwaterinabariumchloridehydrateafterthewaterhasbeendrivenoff.Usingthemassoftheanhydrouscompound,studentsmustcalculatethenumberofmolesofwaterlostinthereaction.Oncethenumberofmolesofwaterhasbeendetermined,theempiricalformulaofthehydratecanbedetermined.
Chapter3:
Stoichiometry:
CalculationswithChemicalFormulasandEquations
(2weeks)
LawofConservationofMass
ChemicalEquations
TypesofChemicalReactions
ReactionPrediction
AverageAtomicMass&PercentageCompositioncalculations
MolarMassandAvogadro’sNumberwithinterconversioncalculations
CalculationofEmpiricalandMolecularFormulasgivenpercentcomposition
ReactionStoichiometry
LimitingReactantswithcalculationstodetermineamountofproductcreatedandexcessreactantremaining
TheoreticalYield
Labs
(1)FindingtheRatioofMolesofReactantsinaChemicalReaction:
ThestudentswillmixasodiumhypochloritesolutionwithaSolutionB(thereare3differentchoices)andmeasurethetemperaturechangesduringthereaction.Theymustrepeattheexperimentatleast3timeswithdifferentrati