宾语从句知识讲稿.docx

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宾语从句知识讲稿.docx

宾语从句知识讲稿

中考英语:

宾语从句的知识点及练习题

宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。

它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。

注意:

如果一个词作宾语(即动作的对象),被叫作宾语;一个句子作宾语,被叫作宾语从句。

宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。

现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:

总则:

(1)含宾语从句的复合句的结构:

主句+引导词+宾语从句

(2)宾语从句始终要为陈述句语序

(3)引导词说明了宾语从句的来源:

若引导词是that,则说明宾语从句来源于一个陈述句,是一个完整的句子,所以它常常被省略;若引导词为if或whether,则说明宾语从句来源一个一般疑问句,但在复合句中表现出来的,是一个陈述句的形式,若引导词为一个疑问代词或疑问副词,则说明宾语从句来源一个特殊疑问句,其后的陈述句,是不完整的,因为这个疑问词,在宾语从句中,充当了一个句子成分。

一,引导词:

A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。

that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。

(但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中)。

例:

Itoldhimthathewaswrong.

I在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。

这就叫作“否定前移”。

例:

Ithinkyouareright.(我认为你做的是对的)

Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对)

I在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。

(这也说是,当一个句子或非谓语动词作宾语时,而且其后又带的宾语补足语时,常常用it充当形式宾语,而将这个句子或非谓语动词放到句尾。

例:

Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)

B,由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。

Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。

例:

Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.

Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.

☆但要注意:

以下是三种只能用whether,不能用if的情形。

l.在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导,而用whether

例:

Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。

2.宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导,而用whether

例:

Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.

3.和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导,而用whether

例:

Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.

C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。

连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,和连接副词when,where,why,how等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中既有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。

例:

Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?

(which做定语)

Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地点状语)

二,宾语从句的语序:

宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序。

即:

连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

例:

Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.

HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.

Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.

二,宾语从句的时态。

宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,这也是由“主从句时态的呼应性原则”所确定的。

1、即:

主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。

2、主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。

如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。

例:

1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.→

Shesaidthatshewasastudent.

2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.→

ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.

3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.→

Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.

4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.→

ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.

3、如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

例:

Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.

HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.

Couldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。

例:

CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum?

注意事项:

1、由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化。

基本原则:

当宾语从句的主语为第一人称I、We;me、us;my、our;mine、ours;myself、ourselves时,要变成与主句的主语对应的人称形式(只改变人称形式,数和格不变哟);当宾语从句的主语为第二人称you、your、yours、yourself、yourselves时,要变成与主句里的宾语相应的人称形式,若主句没有宾语中,则要变成第一人称。

(在直接引语变间接引语时,要特别注意。

)其他人称,则不管。

如:

1.Shesaid:

“IhavelearntBookTwobymyselfwithourclassmates.”

ShesaidthatshehavelearntBookTwobyherselfwiththeirclassmates.

2.Sheaskedhim/Tom:

“Doyouhasyourpianolessonswithyoursister?

Sheaskedhim/Tomif(whether)hehadhispianolessonswithhissister.

3.Mikeasked(me)“Didyoufindyourlostdogorhislostkeywithherson?

Mikeasked(me)if(whether)Ihadfoundmylostdogorhislostkeywithherson

2、宾语从句与简单句的交换。

(同义句的转换)

由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。

例:

Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.→ Idon’tknowwhattodonext.

Hedidn’tknowwherehewouldlive.→ Hedidn’tknowwheretolive.

 

宾语从句方面的练习题

练习题1:

1.Canyousee________?

A.whathe’sreadingB.whatishereading

C.whatdoeshereadD.hereadswhat

2.DoesJackcomefromJapan?

Doyouknow?

(合并成一个句子)

Doyouknow_____Jack_____fromJapan?

3._Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?

_Hetoldmethathe___theDisneywouldthenextday

A.willvisitB.hasvisited  C.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit

4.Hedidn’tknow__________

A.what’sthematterB.whatthematteris

C.whatwasthematterD.whatthematterwas

5.Somebodycalledyoujustnow,butIdidn’tknow____

A.whoweretheyB.whotheywereC.whowasitD.whoitwas

6.Iwanttoknow_____

A.whatishisnameB.what’shisname

C.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis

7.--Couldyoutellme________sheislookingfor?

--Hercousin,Susan.

A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which

8.---WhatareyousearchingtheInternetfor?

---I’mtryingtofindout____.

A.WhatisthedifferencebetweenSARSandBIRDFLU

B.HowmanypersonshavediedinIraq

C.Howtoprotectourenvironment

D.WhyisourChineseteambeabletobeatKorea

9.Doyouknow___________?

(谁正在唱歌)

10.Doyouknow___________?

(她正在和谁谈话)

11.Doyouknow___________?

(昨天发生了什么事)

Thekeys:

1A.2if,comes.3D.4C.5D.6D.7C.8B

9whoissinging

10whosheistalkingwith

11whathappenedyesterday

习题练习2

I.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。

1.Idon'tknow____hewillcometomorrow.______hecomes,I'lltellyou.

A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If

2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.

A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome

C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome

3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?

A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where

4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?

A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend

C.howhemendedD.whathemended

5.Iwanttoknow_________.

A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking

C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter

6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?

A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive

7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?

A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleave

C.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves

8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?

A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers

C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare

9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.

A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings

C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings

10.Ican'tunderstand_________.

A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean

C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans

II.按要求转换句型。

1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?

Couldyoutellus?

(改写句子)

Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?

2."Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?

”heaskedme.(变为复合句)

Heaskedme_________thegirl_________somehelp.

3.Jimisnotastudent.Tomisnotastudent,either.(合并为一个句子)

_________Jim_________Tomisastudent.

4.Whendoesthetrainleave?

Iwanttoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)

Iwanttoknow_________thetrain_________.

5.Theywenthomeaftertheyhadfinishedtheirhomework.(用not...until改写)

They_________gohome_________theyhadfinishedtheirhomework.

6.DidPetercomehereyesterday?

LiLeiwantstoknow.(改为含宾语从句的复合句)

LiLeiwantstoknow_________Peter_________hereyesterday.

宾语从句专项训练参考答案:

I.1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBDII.

1.if/whether;enjoys2.if/whether;needed

3.Neither;nor4.when;leaves5.didn't;until6.whether;came

I.从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。

1.Idon'tknow_____hewillcometomorrow._____hecomes,I'lltellyou.

A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If

2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.

A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome

C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome

3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?

A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where

4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?

A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend

C.howhemendedD.whathemended

5.Iwanttoknow_________.

A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking

C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter

6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?

A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive

7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?

A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleave

C.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves

8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?

A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers

C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare

9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.

A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings

C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings

10.Ican'tunderstand_________.

A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean

C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans

宾语从句专项训练参考答案:

I.1—5DDDCD6—10ADDBD

 

1.宾语从句

【2011北京】1.—Doyouknow____tomorrow?

—At8o'clock.

A.whendidshecomeB.whenshecameC.whenwillshecomeD.whenshewillcome

【2011天津】2.We’llplanttreestomorrow,andIdon’tknow_____Tomwillcomeandjoinus.

A.ifB.whichC.whatD.where

【2011广东】3.Theteacheraskedus________.

A.whendidIfinishmyworkB.whydidn’twetellhimaboutitearlier

C.whatwewereinterestedinD.wherewearegoingtohaveourlunch

【2011•宁夏】4.Bobaskedme_.

A.whatwasshedoingB.whatisshedoingC.whatshewasdoingD.whatsheisdoing

【2011重庆】5.Wedon’tknow_______itnext.Let’sgoandaskMr.Li.

A.whattodoB.todowhatC.whethertodoD.todowhether

【2011重庆】6.Thewomanaskedthepolicemanwhere_______.

A.thepostofficeisB.thepostofficewasC.isthepostofficeD.wasthepostoffice

【2011山西】7.---Mr.Li,Ifoundawatchontheplayground.---Youshouldtrytofindout______

A.whoseisthewatchB.whoistheownerofthewatchC.whomdoesthewatchbelongto

【2011山东】8.-Whatdidtheteachersaytoyoujustnow?

-Sheasked______.

A.wheredidIlearnEnglishB.whereIlearnedEnglish

B.wheredoIlearnEnglishC.whereIlearnEnglish

【2011•广州】9.Ican’tremember_____Iputthebook,andIneeditformyhomeworknow.

A.whereB.howC.whatD.why

【2011江西省】10.I'vedecidedtogotoLondonnextweeken

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