最完整的直接引语变间接讲义.docx
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最完整的直接引语变间接讲义
直接引语和间接引语
一． 直接引语和间接引语概述
1. 我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种时直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。
Thegirlsaid,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”那个女孩说：
“我非常喜欢英语。
”（直接引语）
ThegirlsaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.那个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。
（间接引语）
2. 一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如tell,ask,say等。
这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。
主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。
“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。
Hetoldme,“IamgoingtoChangchuntomorrow.”他告诉我：
“明天我打算去长春。
”
“Whereareyoufrom?
”askedLinda.“你来自哪里？
”琳达问。
二． 直接引语变间接引语的变化形式
1. 人称代词和指示代词的变化
指示代词this和these通常变为that和those。
人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。
从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。
例如：
Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”他说：
“我是来帮助你的。
”
→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.他说他是来帮助我的。
2. 时态的变化
（1） 引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。
（2） 引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。
具体变化如下：
一般现在时→一般过去时 一般过去时→过去完成时
现在进行时→过去进行时 现在完成时→过去完成时
一般将来时→过去将来时
【注意】
（1） 含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。
（2） 若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
（3） 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
3. 时间状语的变化
now→then lastmonth→themonthbefore
today→thatday threedaysago→threedaysbefore
tonight→thatnight tomorrow→thenextday
thisweek→thatweek nextmonth→thenextmonth
yesterday→thedaybefore thedayaftertomorrow→intwodays
4. 地点状语的变化
here→there
5. 谓语动词的变化
come→go
三.直接引语变为间接引语的情况
1.直接引语为陈述句
（1）将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that可以省略）。
例如：
Hesaid,“Iforgottocallyouyesterday.”他说：
“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。
”
→Hesaidthathehadforgottentocallmethedaybefore.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。
（2）如果引述动词是saytosb.,则通常改为tellsb.sth.结构。
例如：
Hesaidtome,“Yourbikeisbroken.”她对我说：
“你的自行车坏了。
”
→Hetoldmethatmybikewasbroken.他对我说我的自行车坏了。
2.直接引语为一般疑问句
直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。
其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为say，应改为ask.例如：
Maryaskedme,“IsHelenfromtheUnitedStates?
”玛丽问我，“凯伦时美国人吗？
”
→Maryaskedmewhether/ifHelenwasfromtheUnitedStates.玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人。
3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句
直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。
例如：
Johnaskedme,“WheredoesZhouXuncomefrom?
”约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？
”
→JohnaskedmewhereZhouXuncamefrom.约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人。
4. 直接引语为祈使句
直接引语为祈使句，根据直接引语的语气强弱，采用相应的句型：
asksbtodosth,tellsbtodosth,ordersbtodosth.例如：
TheteachersaidtoTom,“Getout!
”
→TheteachertoldTomtogetout.
“Pleaseopenthedoor”Marysaidtome.
→Maryaskedmetoclosethedoor.
“Standup!
”theofficersaidtothesoldiers.
→Theofficerorderedthesoldierstostandup.
直接引语改为间接引语专题练习
1Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty.”
2Hesaidtome,“Ihaveleftmybookinyourroom.”
3Kittysaid“I’llcallagainaftersupperthisevening.”
4Shesaid,“Iwillcomehereagaintonight.”
5Hesaid,“Iarrivedyesterdaymorning.”
6Shesaid,“Mysisterwillbebacktomorrowmorning.”
7“Thechildrenhadbettergotobedearly,”shesaid.
8Hesaid,“Ihavelostmyumbrella.”
9Paulsaid,“I’mtryingtogetataxi.”
10“Inevereatmeat.”Heexplained.
11“Haveyoubeenhereforages?
”shesaid.
12“Itookthedictionaryhomewithme,”hesaid.
13“Frank,Icametoreturnyouthebook,”Henrysaid.
14Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome?
’
15Heasked,“Areyouateacherorastudent?
”
16Hesaidtome,“Pleasecomeagaintomorrow.”
17Hesaidtome,“Don’tdothatagain.”
18Hesaid,“Whereisshegoing?
”
19“Wholivesnextdoor?
”sheasked.
20“What’shappened?
”heasked.
21“Whereistheairport?
”heasked.
22.”Whathaveyougotinyourbag?
”theasked.
23“Mary,whenisthenexttrain?
”heasked.
24“Whydidyoustopthecar,Tom?
”sheasked.
25“Isthereanyonehere?
”heasked.
26“DoyouknowMrsGreen?
”heaskedme.
27“ShallIwaitforthemorshallIgoon?
”themanasked.
28“ShallIlockthecarorleaveitunlocked?
”sheasked.
29“Willyoubeheretomorrow?
”heaskedme.
30“Wouldyouliketocomeinforadrink?
”sheaskedBill.
31“Couldmegivemeahand?
”MrBlackaskedTom.
32“You’llbebacktonight,won’tyou?
”mywifeaskedme.
33“Don’tswimouttoofar,children,”mothersaid.
34“Pleaseletmehaveatry.”Janesaidtotheteacher.
35“Dositdown,everybody.”saidthehostess.
36“Pleasedon’ttakeanyrisks,”saidhiswife.
37“Don’tforgettotakeyourpills,”saidmothertohisdaughter.
38“Putdownyourgun,man!
”saidtheinspector.
39“Bequiet,girls.”saidtheoldman.
40“Bringyourtextbookwithyoutomorrow,please.”Theteachersaidtoher.
41IaskedWangDong“Arethereanyspellingmistakesinmyexercises?
”
初中英语直接引语变间接引语练习题
将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：
1.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.
Hesaidthat______never______meat.
2.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe__________________wallet.
3.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.
Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.
4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”
Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.
5.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.
He______methathe______mettheday______.
6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.
HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.
7.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.
Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.
8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?
”hesaid.
He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.
9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”
He______Jimthathe______sitthere
10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?
”
Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.
11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?
”heasked.
Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.
12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?
”heasked.
Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.
13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.
He______thechildren____________makingsomuchnoise.
14.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.
Shetoldme___________________himthenews.
15.“Areyouintestedinthis?
”hesaid.
He____________Iwasinterestdin______.
【参考答案】
1.he,ate 2.told,had,found,his
3.she,had,taken 4.rise,goes
5.told,had,before 6.had,there
7.had,before 8.asked,if[whether],before
9.told,could 10.how,she,had
11.where,I,had,those 12.if[whether],I,lived
13.told,to,stop 14.not,to,tell
15.asked,if[whether],that
直接引语、间接引语练习题二
将所给直接引语变为间接引语
1．Hesaid:
“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”
2．Shesaid:
“Hewillbebusy.”
3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?
”
4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?
”
5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?
”
6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”
7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”
8．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”
9．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”
10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”
11．Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.’
12．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.
13．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”
14．Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”
15．Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.
16．Mr.Greensaidtothem,“Joetoldmeallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.”
17．Hesaid,“Weinsistedthatshestartimmediately.18．Shesaid,“Hedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.”
19．Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”
20．Shesaidtous,“I’llcomeheretomorrow.”
21．“Wheredoesyourchemistryteacherlive,Karen?
”theyoungmanasked.
22．“Ihavegainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition,”thelittleboysaidhappily.
23．“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.
24．“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening?
”Maryaskedme.
25．“Whatdidyoudohereyesterday?
”theoldmanaskedmybrother.
附答案：
【参考答案1】
1.he,ate 2.told,had,found,his
3.she,had,taken 4.rise,goes
5.told,had,before 6.had,there
7.had,before 8.asked,if[whether],before
9.told,could 10.how,she,had
11.where,I,had,those 12.if[whether],I,lived
13.told,to,stop 14.not,to,tell
15.asked,if[whether],that
附答案：
【参考答案2】
1．Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.
2．Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.
3．SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.
4．Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.
5．TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.
6．Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.
7．ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.
8．Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
9．Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.
10．Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.
11．Hesaidtheyarestillstudents.
12．Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.
13．Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967.
14．HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.
15．Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.
16．Mr.GreentoldthemJoehadtoldhimallabouthisstorywhenheaskedforajob.
17．Hesaidthey（had）insistedthatshestartimmediately.
18．Shesaidhedemandedthatthegirlleaveatonce.
19．ItoldhimIhadfinishedit.
20．Shetoldusshewouldcomeheretomorrow
21．TheyoungmanaskedKarenwhereherchemistryteacherlived.
22．Thelittleboysaidhappilythathehadgainedthefirstplaceinthemathematicscompetition.
23．Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.
24．Ma
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