主动表被动.docx
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主动表被动
主动形式表示被动意义
1.系动词look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep十形容词/名词构成系表结构。
如:
Thesteelfeelscold.
Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.
Ithasgonebad.
Theclothlooksgoodandwasheswell.
2.表示开始、结束、运动的动词。
begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,
shut,run,move等。
如:
Workbeganat7o'clockthismorning·
Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.
3.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词。
如read,write,act,iron,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,shut,dry,eat,drink。
这类动词一般不单独使用,常有一个修饰语。
如:
Thiscoatdrieseasily.
这种外衣容易干。
Nyloncleanseasily.尼龙容易洗干净。
Theplanworkedoutwonderfully.这计划制定得很好。
Yourpenwritessmoothly.
你的笔好写。
Yourspeechreadswell.
你的演说讲得好。
Thismaterialhaswornthin.
这个材料已经磨薄了。
Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。
Hisbookdoesnotsell.
他的书没有销路。
Foodcankeepfreshinafridge.
食物在冰箱里能保鲜。
Thisknifecutswell.这把刀子很快。
Theclothwasheswell.这布很耐洗。
Thedoorwon'tlock.这门锁不上。
Thislockwon'tcatch.这锁锁不上。
Thematchwon'tcatch.火柴擦不着。
Therecorderwon'tplay.这录音机不转。
Theenginewon'tstart.引擎发动不起来。
4.少数动词用于进行时,其主动形式表示被动含义。
如print,cook,fry,hang,build,make。
如:
eg.Thebooksareprinting.这本书正在排印中。
Themeatiscooking.肉在煮。
5.want,require,need+G
Thechairneedsmending/tobemended.
6.beworthdoing→beworthyofbeingdone/beworthytobedone
TheScienceMuseumisworthvisiting.
7.主语+be+adj.+todo
Theproblemiseasytoworkout.
Heiseasytodealwith.
8.主语(人)+be+toblame.
主语(物)+be+torent.
9.介词in,on,under,beyond,outof等+名词,所构成的介词短语表被动意义。
其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词。
常见的有:
undercontrol(受控制),undertreatment(在治疗中),underrepair(在修理中),
underdiscussion(在讨论中),underconstruction(在施工中),beyondbelief(令人难以置信),beyondone'scontrol(无法控制),beyondourhope
(我们始料不及),onsale(出售),forrent(出租),inprint(在印刷中),onsale(出售),onshow(展出),outofcontrol(控制不了),outofone'sreach(够不着),outoffashion(不流行)。
如:
eg.Thebuildingisunderconstruction(=isbeingconstructed).
Therumorisbeyondbelief(=can'tbebelieved).
Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold.)
Thebookisnotyetinprint(=isnotyetprinted).
Todaysometreasuresareonshow(=arebeingshown)inthemuseum.
ThePlanewasoutofcontrol(=can'tbecontrolled).
不能用于被动语态的动词或动词词组如:
fit,have,wish,cost,last,happen,agreewith,arriveat/in,breakout,belongto,takeplace,comeabout等。
如:
Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.
Yourstoryagreedwithwhathadalreadybeenheard.
被动语态解析:
1.–Haveyoumovedintothenewroom?
–No,myroom_____.
A.arepaintedB.ispainted
C.isbeingpaintedD.ispainting
分析语境(C)
2.Mycoatwashes_(wash)well.
主动表被动
Doyouwashyourcoateveryweek?
Yes,Iusuallywash(wash)itonSaturday.主语是动作执行者
3.Hisparentsboughthimanewjacketyesterday.
buysb.sth和.buysth.forsb.正确使用
Anewjacketwasboughtforhimbyhisparentsyesterday.
Hewasboughtanewjacketbyhisparentsyesterday.
4.Wesawthemcopythetextinthelibrary.
seesb.dosth.在被动语态中要加to
Theywereseentocopythetextinthelibrary.
5.Thetwofiresbrokeoutunexpectedly,soneitherofthemwasputoutimmediately.
KRYtoModule4阅读表达
1.Becausepeopleusuallydon'tneedtothinkaboutthemwhenusingthem.
/Becausepeopleareusuallynotawareofthesesymbolswhentheyusethem.
2.becamepopular/
waswidelyused/
waswidelyaccepted,etc.
3.Peoplewouldthinkhewasseriouswhenhewasjoking.
4.Themeaningsandusesofemoticons,andsomepopularexamplesofthem.
5.Ilikeusingemoticons.Becauseemoticonscanshowfeelingsthataredifficulttoexpressinwords.
Or:
Idon'tlikeusingemoticons.BecauseIdon'tthinktheyexpressmyfeelingsasfullyaswordscan.