《老人与海》中的生态意识解读427 已修改.docx

《老人与海》中的生态意识解读427 已修改.docx

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《老人与海》中的生态意识解读427已修改

上海电力学院

本科毕业设计（论文）

题　目EcologicalInterpretationofThe

OldManandtheSea

从《老人与海》看海明威的生态意识_

院　　系　外国语学院英语系　　

专业年级　英语专业2011级　　　

学生姓名　　学号　

指导教师　　　　　

2015年月日

EcologicalInterpretationofTheOldManandTheSea

By

HuRong

Athesis

Submittedto

EnglishDepartment

CollegeofForeignLanguages

ShanghaiUniversityofElectricPower

Inpartialfulfillmentoftherequirements

ForthedegreeofBachelorofArts

SupervisedbyChenHuilian

2015

Acknowledgements

Firstandforemost,Iwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetomysupervisor,Professor__A__,bothforhisintellectualguidanceandforhiswarmandconstantencouragementduringtheprocessofwritingthisthesis.Withpatienceandprudence,helaboredthroughdraftsofthisthesisandpointedoutdefectsinmytheorizing.Therefore,Ioweallthemeritsinthisthesis,ifany,tohim,thoughIamfullyawarethatthethesismightstillcontainsomemistakes,forwhichIbearthewholeresponsibility.

MycordialandsincerethanksgotoProfessor__B__,whoseinterestingandinformativelecturesondiscourseanalysisleadmetoachallengingyetfascinatingdomainofacademicresearch.TheprofitthatIgainedfromhisprofoundknowledge,remarkableexpertiseandintellectualingenuitywillbeofeverlastingsignificancetomyfutureresearch.

IamalsodeeplyindebtedtoProfessor___C___,formerlyof_____Universityandnowof______University,whokindlyofferedmerelevantmaterialsandwhoseinnovativeperspectivesgreatlyassistedmeinconceptualizingthepresentthesis.

Iamalsoverygratefulto___D___,whosecarefulandmicroscopicscrutinyofthemanuscriptresultedintheeliminationofmanyinconsistencies.

Finally,bigthanksgotomyfamily,whohavesharedwithmemyworries,frustrations,andhopefullymyultimatehappinessineventuallyfinishingthisthesis

EcologicalInterpretationofTheOldManandTheSea

Abstract:

Astheenvironmentalcrisisincreasesdaybyday,thestudyontheecologicalworksandecologicalcrisisoftherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandthenatureisbecomingmoreandmorevaluedbypeople.InEarnestHemingway’sTheOldManandtheSea,Hemingwaydisplayshisecologicalculturalconsciousnessabouthisconcernonhumanbeing’slivingenvironmentandhisrespectonthenature.ThethesistriestointerpretHemingway’sthoughtsabouttherelationbetweenhumanbeingsandthenaturefromtheperspectiveofecologicalliterarycriticandhelppeopletoabandonthehuman-centeredvalueandestablishcorrectecologicalview.

Keywords:

TheOldManandtheSea，ecologicalconsciousness，humanbeingsandnature

从《老人与海》看海明威的生态意识

摘要:

近几年来，由于环境危机的日益加剧，人们对一些关于人与自然的生态作品的重视程度也越来越高。

在《老人与海》中，海明威通过他高超的写作手法向我们生动的展示了他对自然和环境的关注和尊重。

本文作者试图从生态文学角度解读作品中体现的海明威对于人与自然关系的思考，从而呼吁人们摒弃以人为主的价值观树立正确的生态观念。

关键词：

老人与海，生态意识，人与自然

318

Contents

Acknowledgements

Abstract

I.Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.1AnOverviewofHemingway’sLifeStoryandHemingway’sWorksandLiteraryStatus--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1

1.2BackgroundandStyleoftheOldmanandtheSea--------------------------------------------2

1.3TheEcologicalInfluenceoftheOldmanandtheSea-----------------------------------------3

II.TheNaturalEcologyofHemingwayintheWayofSantiago’sLivingConditions--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3

2.1TheNaturalEcologyofHemingwayintheWayofSantiago’sBoatandHouse--------4

2.2TheNaturalEcologyofHemingwayintheWayofSantiago’sFood--------------------4

2.3TheNaturalEcologyofHemingwayintheWayofSantiago’sClothing----------------5

III.TheNaturalEcologyofHemingwayintheWayofSantiago’sRespectforNature-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6

3.1Santiago’sRespectfortheSea--------------------------------------------------------------------6

3.2Santiago’sAttitudetowardsFishes,BirdsandTurtles-----------------------------------------6

3.3Santiago’sDependenceontheNature-----------------------------------------------------------7

IV.ErnestHemingway’sThoughtaboutHumanBeingsintheOldManandtheSea-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8

4.1HumanBeingsarealwayseagertoGainSomethingfromtheNatureandDoSomethingtoShowTheirAbility--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9

4.2NatureistheBasicPlaceWherePeopleandAllAnimalsLiveandDevelop-------------10

4.3HumanBeingsNeedtoDoSomethingtoProtecttheNature-------------------------------11

V.Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12

5.1TheInfluenceofHemingway’sLivingBackgroundonHisWorks------------------------12

5.2Hemingway’sReverenceontheNature--------------------------------------------------------12

5.3Hemingway’sAppealtoProtecttheNature---------------------------------------------------13

References

1.Introduction

Nowadays,ourlivingenvironmentisbeingincreasinglydestroyedbypeople,sopeoplepaymoreattentiontotheecologicalconsciousness.Inthiscase,therearenumerousliteraryworkswhicharerelatedtothispointappearingandTheOldManandtheSeaisoneofthetypicalworksamongthese.Thisthesiswillmainlyinterpretthisworkfromtheperspectiveofecologyandtheauthordividesthethesisintothreemajorchapters.ChapteronemainlygivesimportancetotheanalysisofHemingway’sspiritualecologyfromtheperspectiveofSantiago’soriginallivingenvironment.Inchaptertwo,theauthorlaysemphasisonHemingway’snaturalecologyfromthepointviewofSantiago’srespectfornature,whileinchapterthreetheauthorrevealsthatexcessivehumanactivitiescancausedamagetothenaturalenvironmentandappealforprotectionforthenature.

1.1AnOverviewofHemingway’sLifeStoryandHemingway’sWorksandLiteraryStatus

AsanAmericanauthorandjournalist,ErnestMillerHemingwaywasbornonJuly21,1899.Hewasraisedin OakParkofIllinoisandbothofhisparents,whogavetopprioritytoHemingway’searlyeducation,werebetter-educated.AfterthehighschoolHemingwaybegantoreportfor TheKansasCityStar,alocalnewspaper,forashortperiodbeforeleavingforthe front toenlistwiththe WorldWarItoworkasaambulancedriver.Unfortunately,hewasseriouslywoundedin1918andreturnedhomelater.Atthesametime,itshouldbenotedthathiswartimeexperienceshelpedhimformthebasisforhisnovel AFarewelltoArms.Afterovertwodecades,HemingwaypublishedhismasterpieceTheOldManandtheSea,whichgainedgreatsuccessatthattimeandalsohastriggeredtheprofoundthinkingabouttheecologicalenvironment.Moreimportantly,hisunderstated writingstylehadasignificantimpacton thefictionofthe20thcentury,whilehislifeofadventureandhistoughguyimageinfluencedlatergenerationsdeeply.Hemingwayproducedmostofhisworkbetweenthemid-1920sandthemid-1950sandwontheAmericanPulitzerPrizein1953andtheNobelPrizeinLiterature in1954becauseofthehugesuccessofTheOldManandtheSea.Ingeneral,hepublishedsevennovels,sixshortstorycollections,andtwonon-fictionworks.Also,therearesomeadditionalworksofHemingway,whichwerepublishedposthumously.Mostofhisworksareconsideredtobeclassicsof Americanliteratureandhavecapturedtheinterestofresearchersfromaroundtheworld.ThisisparticularlythecaseforoneofhisgreatworksTheOldManandtheSea,throughwhichpeoplebegintolayemphasisontherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandthenature.

1.2BackgroundandStyleoftheOldmanandtheSea

HemingwayisawriterwhowritesmanyecologicalworksandTheOldManandtheSeaisatypicalexample.Hefinishedthisworkinhislatelifetimeandrecognizeditasthebestworkthathehadwritteninhislifetime.Infact,thefamousworkderivesfromHemingway’slifeexperience:

Inhisearlylife,HemingwayandhisgoodfriendwenttoCubatogetherandontheirwaytoCubatheycameacrossanoldmanandalittlechildwhowerecatchingabluemarlin.ThiseverydaysceneleftadeepimpressiononhimandaftercomingbackhomeHemingwaywrotedowntheexperiencewithhisimaginationintoastoryandentitleditasTheOldManandtheSea.ThisstorydescribedanoldfishermancalledSantiagowholivedonfishingontheseaandwenttotheseatocatchfishforsuccessive84dayswithoutcatchinganyfish;however,hedidn’tloseconfidenceandcontinuedtogofishingonthesea.Finally,hecaughtabigmarlinwithhisdesperatestruggleagainstthefish.Nevertheless,onhiswaybackhomethesharkscomingtochasethebigmarlinandbititsavagelysothatwhenSantiagowentbacktotheportthefishwasleftnothingbutaskeleton,althoughhehadhitthosesharkswithallhisstrengthenexerted.Theplotofthisstoryissimplebutitsmeaningisprofound.ThroughadetaileddescriptionofthebattlebetweenSantiagoandthebigMarlin,itactuallyrevealstheindestructiblespiritualpowerofhumanbeingsandalsothepowerfullydestructiveforceofnature..Inthiswork,Hemingwayexertedoncontemporarystyleandavoidedcomplicatedsyntaxwhichmeansthathechosetouseeverydaywordswhichareappropriateandvivid.About70percentofthesentencesinthisstoryarewritteninsimplesentencestosimplifyhistypeofwriting.ThishelpstoportraythecharacterofS