陈家祠汉英导游词交流版.docx
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陈家祠汉英导游词交流版
陈家祠汉英导游词交流版
TheChenFamilyTemple
Introduction-----OutsidetheMainEntrance------IntheFrontHall-------TheSageMeetingHall-----TheRearHallandtheWangRooms
Introduction
02TheChenFamilyTemplewasanancestraloftheChenfamilies,anditislocatedinGuangzhou,GuangdongProvince.AsaChinesesayinggoes,“peopleofthesamesurnamewereinthesamefamily500yearsago”.Inordertomemorizetheircommonancestor,theChenfamiliesinGuangdongProvincecollectedmoneytobuilit,whichisalsousedtodosomereligiousactivitiesinfestivalsorotheroccasions,toshowtheirrespecttotheirancestors.
WealsocallitChenacademy,astheChenchildren’sschool.In1959itbecametheGuangdongFolkArtMuseum,becausethetempleitselfisacompleteexpressionofexcellentGuangdongfolkartsandcrafts.
03Ithasanareaof15,000squaremeters,themainbuildingis6,400squaremeters.Itwasbuiltinasymmetricalwayalongthecentralline(itmeansthestructuresalongthecentrallineareexactlythesame).IthasthetraditionalChinesearchitecturalstyle.Thecorridorsconnectthehallsandwing-roomswithcourtyardsinbetween.Hallsandcourtyardsareseparatedbyscreensorsolidbrickwalls.Youcansenseanartisticeffectofcompactnessandmagnificence.ItsstructureisquitelikethatoftheSummerPalace.
04Anotherfeatureofthetemplestructureisthatallthehousearegableroofed,
liketheshapeof?
withtwoslopestodrainawaytherainwater.Itsstyleofroofstructurecorrespondstothatofotherhousesandtemplebuildings.Thesize,heightandcolorofahouseandeventhestyleofitsroofwerebuiltaccordingtothesocialstatusofitsowneroruser.(That’swhy,intheformerimperialpalaces,allthebackhousesforservantssolderswerelowandgableroofedwithslopesonfoursides.)
05ThedecorationofthistemplehasboththenationalstyleandCantonesestyle.Differentworksofartscanbefoundeverywhere,suchasstone-carvings,brick-carvings,limesculptures,ceramicfigurines,wood-carvingsorartisticthingsofiron-casting.Theyareintheformofflowers,trees,insectsandbirds,animalsandhumanfiguresandbuildings.Thesebeautifulthingsareusednotonlyfordecoration,butalsostandforsomething,ortellthestoriesofChinesehistoryandlegends.Forexample,thepeonyflowerstandsforrichnessandwealth,thetwinlotusflowersmeanthatacouplebetogetherhappilyandhasbeenblessed,andthelionsculpturestands
forpoweranddignity(status,respect).
OutsidetheMainEntrance
061.TheStoneLionandtheUnicorn-likeAnimal
TheStoneLions
Therearetwostonelionsinfrontofthetemple.Theoneplayingaballismaleandtheotherpattingababylionisfemale.Youcanalsoseesuchlionsinotherpartsofthecountry.TheysitseriouslyatthemainentrancesofthehousesoftheupperclassofoldChina,becausetheyareasymbolofpoweranddignity(statusorrespect).08Unicorn-likeAnimal
Theunicorn-likeanimalontheroof,withasinglehornonitshead,isnotatrueanimal.ItisspecialtoGuangdongProvince.DuringtheMingDynasty(1368-1644),naturalaccidentsusuallyhappenedinthisarea.Atthattime,manwashelplessbeforenature.Peoplehadnochoicebuttobelieveinsuperstition.Theylookeduponnaturalaccidentsasevilspirits,sotheycreatedthisanimaltodrivethemaway.
2.TheSculptureofGourds----AsymbolofaFlourishingFamily
Thesculpturesofgourdsinpairsontherooforinotherplacesofthetemple
representboomingfamilieswithgreatmembers.TheChenfamilieswantedtolive
andgrowcontinuouslylikegourdsgrowingfast.Thegourdsareplantswithmany
seeds,sotheywillbereproducedingreatmembers.
3.MasterpiecesofBrick-carving
Onthewalloneithersideofthemainentranceisapicturecarvedonbricks,
depictingdifferentstoriesfromChinesehistoricalnovels.Theyareregardedas
representativeworksofbeautifulGuangdongbrick-carving.
Guangdongbrick-carvingisveryspecial(unique)initstechniqueofmaking.
Differentpartsofapicturearecarvedseparatelyonsmallpiecesofready-made
firedbricksbeforetheyarelaidontoawalltoformawholepicture,whereasthose
ofotherprovincesaremadebycarvingawholepictureonabigpieceofunburned
brickbeforeitisfiredandputontothewall.SoGuangdongbrick-carvingneeds
muchmoreprecisionandskillandisfiner(moreexquisite)andisofgreater
artisticvalue
LiuQingTamingaFierceHorse(good)
Thebrick-carvingontheeastsideisastoryofLiuOing,abravegeneraloftheNorthernSongDynasty(960—1127),whosucceededincontrollingafiercehorse.The
horsewassentbyanaggressiveneighboringstate.Whenthestatesentthehorse,it
threatenedthatifnobodyinSong’sareacouldcontrolthehorse,theywouldattackthem.SoLiuQing’sgreatcourageavoidedawar.
(1)TheHeroesinLiangshan
Thebrick-carvingontheeastsideisahappysceneforthehappyleadersgettingtogethertocelebratetheirunityintheirrevoltagainstthebadofficialsoftheNorthernSongDynasty.ThestoryiswritteninafamousChineseclassicalnovelShuiHu
Zhuan(TheWaterMargin).
4.TheStoneDrums
ThestonedrumsatthemainentranceareasymbolofsocialstatusoftheChenfamily.InQingDynasty,peoplecouldplacetwodrumsinfrontoftheirhouseonlywhensomeoneintheirfamilyhadgotadegreeof“jinshi”orhigherdegree”.Thatisanametosuccessfulcandidatesintheimperialexamination.In1893,theyearbeforethetemplewascompleted,amemberoftheChenfamily,ChenBotaowasawardedatitleof“tanhua”,thethirdplaceinthehighestimperialexamination.sothesedrums
werebuilthereinhishonor.
麒麟玉书
正门外左边(进门方向)石鼓后墙上的石雕名为“麒麟玉书”。
麒麟为中国古
代传说中的一种神兽,体态像鹿,头上有角,身有鳞甲,尾像牛尾。
据说麒麟与
孔子同年同日生,是祥瑞的象征。
在中国古代文献中,经常用麒麟隐寓圣人;所
以,麒麟雕塑实为孔子的化身,其所捧的则为代表圣贤之书。
此图旨在鼓励人们
攻读圣贤之书,以图功名。
5.TheKylinandItsTreasuredBooks
Thereisasculptureonthewallbehindthestonedrumonourleft.ThisiscalledKylinandItsTreasuredBooks.KylinisaChinesemythicalanimal.Itcombinesthefeaturesofseveralanimals.
Traditionsaysthatthekylinissymbolofgoodluck(fortune)andwasbornonthesamedayasConfucius.InChineseclassics,kylinisoftenconnectedtoagreatmanofnoblepersonalities,anditisasymbolofConfucius,whohasbeenreputedasthegreatestphilosopherandteacherofmoralsforover2000yearsinChina.
ThissculpturewasmadetoencouragepeopletowinhonorsandofficialpositionsbystudyingtheworksofConfucius.
爵禄封侯
右边石鼓后的墙上也有一幅寓意石雕,上面有雀鸟、梅花鹿、蜜蜂和猴子,
隐寓爵、禄、封、侯。
6.SymbolofNobility
Thereisastonecarvingontherighthandofthestonedrum.Inittherearebirds,deer,beesandmonkeys.Thatsymbolize“titlesofnobility”and“officialsalary”.
门神
大门上的人像为门神。
最初的门神为神荼和郁垒,是传说中能制服恶鬼卫护
宅第的神。
他们身披盔甲,手拿绳索,丑怪凶恶。
唐代以后,门神逐渐为现实生
活中的人所代替;这是唐太宗李世民所创的先例。
相传,唐太宗生病时闻门外有
鬼呼号,所告群臣,秦叔宝请与尉迟敬德戎装立门外以侍。
太宗准奏,夜果无事,
乃令画工图二人像,挂宫门左右。
后世沿袭为门神以镇邪;有些地方或以小说中
描述的武将为门神。
(此处所画的画像为秦琼和蔚迟恭,但所持兵器与传统画像
有所不同,是为民间艺人所创改。
)
7.TheDoorGods
Thepicturesoftwopersonsonthedooraredoor-gods.Itissaidtheycouldcatchghostsandprotectahousefromevilspirits.Theylookedverystrongwithropesinhands.SincetheTangDynasty(618-907),door-godswereinfacthumaninreallife.ItisatraditionstartedbyanemperorofTangDynasty.Itissaidthat,oneday,oneemperorheardghostlysoundsfromoutsidehisbedroomandhecouldnotfallasleep.Twoofhisfaithfulgeneralsofferedtoguardhisbedroomatnight,sotheemperorsleptwell.Thenheorderedthatthepicturesofthetwogeneralsbeputuponthedoorofhisbedroomandthisalsokepttheghostsaway.Sincethenthetwogeneralshavebeenregardedasdoor-gods.
23IntheFrontHall
TheScreen
Amongalltheworksofartinthetemple,thewood-carvingisthemostoutstanding.Thisscreeninthecentralhallisindeedararepieceofwood-carvinginthelocalprovinceandinthewholecountryaswell.Themostimportantfeatureofthewood-carvingisthatmostofthemarecarvedthroughoutthewood,sothepatternson
bothsidesarethesame,butintheoppositedirectionontheback.
(1)Creatinggreatpropertytobenefitthechildrenforever(1班)
Lookatthispicture.Ahenandsomechicksarewalkingleisurelylookingforfoodunderabananatree.Thechickensherestandforthepresentgenerationsoffamily,andthebigleavesofthebananatreestandforthegreatwealthcreatedbythepastgenerations,becausetheChinesewordsfor“bigleaf”andthewordsfor“great
property”havethesamepronunciation.Thepicturemeansthattheoldergenerations
createdgreatwealthfortheyoungergenerations;therefore,thepresentgenerationsmustsalsoworkhardtocreatemorewealthforthebenefitofthefuturegenerations.
(2)AManofGratLearningIstoBeAppointedofficialPosition
Thispicturehasmanythingsandeachhasitsownmeaning;
a.28Thisiscalled“Bagua”inDaoism.Itseightpictures(diagrams)meaneight
things(phenomena)innature(sky,earth,thunder,wind,water,tire,mountain
andlake)andembodyaprofoundtheory.Here,theysymbolizeallof
people’sknowledge.
b.Thewinepot:
IntheChineseclassics,awinepotwithmuchorlittlewine
meansapersonofgreatorpoorlearning.
c.Thewinecup:
Thisisanancientwinecupandisregardedas“titleofnobility”,
becausethetwothingsaremeantbythesamewordinancientChinese.
d.30Theancientcoinmeansthemoneyandwealth.
e.Thephoenixisamythicalchicken-likebirdthatrepresentsgoodluck.
f.Thekylinisananimalthatiscomparedtoapersonofprofoundknowledge.Sothispicturemeansthataman