陈家祠汉英导游词交流版.docx

陈家祠汉英导游词交流版.docx

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陈家祠汉英导游词交流版

陈家祠汉英导游词交流版

TheChenFamilyTemple

Introduction-----OutsidetheMainEntrance------IntheFrontHall-------TheSageMeetingHall-----TheRearHallandtheWangRooms

Introduction

02TheChenFamilyTemplewasanancestraloftheChenfamilies,anditislocatedinGuangzhou,GuangdongProvince.AsaChinesesayinggoes,“peopleofthesamesurnamewereinthesamefamily500yearsago”.Inordertomemorizetheircommonancestor,theChenfamiliesinGuangdongProvincecollectedmoneytobuilit,whichisalsousedtodosomereligiousactivitiesinfestivalsorotheroccasions,toshowtheirrespecttotheirancestors.

WealsocallitChenacademy,astheChenchildren’sschool.In1959itbecametheGuangdongFolkArtMuseum,becausethetempleitselfisacompleteexpressionofexcellentGuangdongfolkartsandcrafts.

03Ithasanareaof15,000squaremeters,themainbuildingis6,400squaremeters.Itwasbuiltinasymmetricalwayalongthecentralline（itmeansthestructuresalongthecentrallineareexactlythesame）.IthasthetraditionalChinesearchitecturalstyle.Thecorridorsconnectthehallsandwing-roomswithcourtyardsinbetween.Hallsandcourtyardsareseparatedbyscreensorsolidbrickwalls.Youcansenseanartisticeffectofcompactnessandmagnificence.ItsstructureisquitelikethatoftheSummerPalace.

04Anotherfeatureofthetemplestructureisthatallthehousearegableroofed,

liketheshapeof?

withtwoslopestodrainawaytherainwater.Itsstyleofroofstructurecorrespondstothatofotherhousesandtemplebuildings.Thesize,heightandcolorofahouseandeventhestyleofitsroofwerebuiltaccordingtothesocialstatusofitsowneroruser.（That’swhy,intheformerimperialpalaces,allthebackhousesforservantssolderswerelowandgableroofedwithslopesonfoursides.）

05ThedecorationofthistemplehasboththenationalstyleandCantonesestyle.Differentworksofartscanbefoundeverywhere,suchasstone-carvings,brick-carvings,limesculptures,ceramicfigurines,wood-carvingsorartisticthingsofiron-casting.Theyareintheformofflowers,trees,insectsandbirds,animalsandhumanfiguresandbuildings.Thesebeautifulthingsareusednotonlyfordecoration,butalsostandforsomething,ortellthestoriesofChinesehistoryandlegends.Forexample,thepeonyflowerstandsforrichnessandwealth,thetwinlotusflowersmeanthatacouplebetogetherhappilyandhasbeenblessed,andthelionsculpturestands

forpoweranddignity（status,respect）.

OutsidetheMainEntrance

061.TheStoneLionandtheUnicorn-likeAnimal

TheStoneLions

Therearetwostonelionsinfrontofthetemple.Theoneplayingaballismaleandtheotherpattingababylionisfemale.Youcanalsoseesuchlionsinotherpartsofthecountry.TheysitseriouslyatthemainentrancesofthehousesoftheupperclassofoldChina,becausetheyareasymbolofpoweranddignity（statusorrespect）.08Unicorn-likeAnimal

Theunicorn-likeanimalontheroof,withasinglehornonitshead,isnotatrueanimal.ItisspecialtoGuangdongProvince.DuringtheMingDynasty（1368-1644）,naturalaccidentsusuallyhappenedinthisarea.Atthattime,manwashelplessbeforenature.Peoplehadnochoicebuttobelieveinsuperstition.Theylookeduponnaturalaccidentsasevilspirits,sotheycreatedthisanimaltodrivethemaway.

2.TheSculptureofGourds----AsymbolofaFlourishingFamily

Thesculpturesofgourdsinpairsontherooforinotherplacesofthetemple

representboomingfamilieswithgreatmembers.TheChenfamilieswantedtolive

andgrowcontinuouslylikegourdsgrowingfast.Thegourdsareplantswithmany

seeds,sotheywillbereproducedingreatmembers.

3.MasterpiecesofBrick-carving

Onthewalloneithersideofthemainentranceisapicturecarvedonbricks,

depictingdifferentstoriesfromChinesehistoricalnovels.Theyareregardedas

representativeworksofbeautifulGuangdongbrick-carving.

Guangdongbrick-carvingisveryspecial（unique）initstechniqueofmaking.

Differentpartsofapicturearecarvedseparatelyonsmallpiecesofready-made

firedbricksbeforetheyarelaidontoawalltoformawholepicture,whereasthose

ofotherprovincesaremadebycarvingawholepictureonabigpieceofunburned

brickbeforeitisfiredandputontothewall.SoGuangdongbrick-carvingneeds

muchmoreprecisionandskillandisfiner（moreexquisite）andisofgreater

artisticvalue

LiuQingTamingaFierceHorse（good）

Thebrick-carvingontheeastsideisastoryofLiuOing,abravegeneraloftheNorthernSongDynasty（960—1127）,whosucceededincontrollingafiercehorse.The

horsewassentbyanaggressiveneighboringstate.Whenthestatesentthehorse,it

threatenedthatifnobodyinSong’sareacouldcontrolthehorse,theywouldattackthem.SoLiuQing’sgreatcourageavoidedawar.

（1）TheHeroesinLiangshan

Thebrick-carvingontheeastsideisahappysceneforthehappyleadersgettingtogethertocelebratetheirunityintheirrevoltagainstthebadofficialsoftheNorthernSongDynasty.ThestoryiswritteninafamousChineseclassicalnovelShuiHu

Zhuan（TheWaterMargin）.

4.TheStoneDrums

ThestonedrumsatthemainentranceareasymbolofsocialstatusoftheChenfamily.InQingDynasty,peoplecouldplacetwodrumsinfrontoftheirhouseonlywhensomeoneintheirfamilyhadgotadegreeof“jinshi”orhigherdegree”.Thatisanametosuccessfulcandidatesintheimperialexamination.In1893,theyearbeforethetemplewascompleted,amemberoftheChenfamily,ChenBotaowasawardedatitleof“tanhua”,thethirdplaceinthehighestimperialexamination.sothesedrums

werebuilthereinhishonor.

麒麟玉书

正门外左边（进门方向）石鼓后墙上的石雕名为“麒麟玉书”。

麒麟为中国古

代传说中的一种神兽，体态像鹿，头上有角，身有鳞甲，尾像牛尾。

据说麒麟与

孔子同年同日生，是祥瑞的象征。

在中国古代文献中，经常用麒麟隐寓圣人;所

以，麒麟雕塑实为孔子的化身，其所捧的则为代表圣贤之书。

此图旨在鼓励人们

攻读圣贤之书，以图功名。

5.TheKylinandItsTreasuredBooks

Thereisasculptureonthewallbehindthestonedrumonourleft.ThisiscalledKylinandItsTreasuredBooks.KylinisaChinesemythicalanimal.Itcombinesthefeaturesofseveralanimals.

Traditionsaysthatthekylinissymbolofgoodluck（fortune）andwasbornonthesamedayasConfucius.InChineseclassics,kylinisoftenconnectedtoagreatmanofnoblepersonalities,anditisasymbolofConfucius,whohasbeenreputedasthegreatestphilosopherandteacherofmoralsforover2000yearsinChina.

ThissculpturewasmadetoencouragepeopletowinhonorsandofficialpositionsbystudyingtheworksofConfucius.

爵禄封侯

右边石鼓后的墙上也有一幅寓意石雕，上面有雀鸟、梅花鹿、蜜蜂和猴子，

隐寓爵、禄、封、侯。

6.SymbolofNobility

Thereisastonecarvingontherighthandofthestonedrum.Inittherearebirds,deer,beesandmonkeys.Thatsymbolize“titlesofnobility”and“officialsalary”.

门神

大门上的人像为门神。

最初的门神为神荼和郁垒，是传说中能制服恶鬼卫护

宅第的神。

他们身披盔甲，手拿绳索，丑怪凶恶。

唐代以后，门神逐渐为现实生

活中的人所代替;这是唐太宗李世民所创的先例。

相传，唐太宗生病时闻门外有

鬼呼号，所告群臣，秦叔宝请与尉迟敬德戎装立门外以侍。

太宗准奏，夜果无事，

乃令画工图二人像，挂宫门左右。

后世沿袭为门神以镇邪;有些地方或以小说中

描述的武将为门神。

（此处所画的画像为秦琼和蔚迟恭，但所持兵器与传统画像

有所不同，是为民间艺人所创改。

）

7.TheDoorGods

Thepicturesoftwopersonsonthedooraredoor-gods.Itissaidtheycouldcatchghostsandprotectahousefromevilspirits.Theylookedverystrongwithropesinhands.SincetheTangDynasty（618-907）,door-godswereinfacthumaninreallife.ItisatraditionstartedbyanemperorofTangDynasty.Itissaidthat,oneday,oneemperorheardghostlysoundsfromoutsidehisbedroomandhecouldnotfallasleep.Twoofhisfaithfulgeneralsofferedtoguardhisbedroomatnight,sotheemperorsleptwell.Thenheorderedthatthepicturesofthetwogeneralsbeputuponthedoorofhisbedroomandthisalsokepttheghostsaway.Sincethenthetwogeneralshavebeenregardedasdoor-gods.

23IntheFrontHall

TheScreen

Amongalltheworksofartinthetemple,thewood-carvingisthemostoutstanding.Thisscreeninthecentralhallisindeedararepieceofwood-carvinginthelocalprovinceandinthewholecountryaswell.Themostimportantfeatureofthewood-carvingisthatmostofthemarecarvedthroughoutthewood,sothepatternson

bothsidesarethesame,butintheoppositedirectionontheback.

（1）Creatinggreatpropertytobenefitthechildrenforever（1班）

Lookatthispicture.Ahenandsomechicksarewalkingleisurelylookingforfoodunderabananatree.Thechickensherestandforthepresentgenerationsoffamily,andthebigleavesofthebananatreestandforthegreatwealthcreatedbythepastgenerations,becausetheChinesewordsfor“bigleaf”andthewordsfor“great

property”havethesamepronunciation.Thepicturemeansthattheoldergenerations

createdgreatwealthfortheyoungergenerations;therefore,thepresentgenerationsmustsalsoworkhardtocreatemorewealthforthebenefitofthefuturegenerations.

（2）AManofGratLearningIstoBeAppointedofficialPosition

Thispicturehasmanythingsandeachhasitsownmeaning;

a.28Thisiscalled“Bagua”inDaoism.Itseightpictures（diagrams）meaneight

things（phenomena）innature（sky,earth,thunder,wind,water,tire,mountain

andlake）andembodyaprofoundtheory.Here,theysymbolizeallof

people’sknowledge.

b.Thewinepot:

IntheChineseclassics,awinepotwithmuchorlittlewine

meansapersonofgreatorpoorlearning.

c.Thewinecup:

Thisisanancientwinecupandisregardedas“titleofnobility”,

becausethetwothingsaremeantbythesamewordinancientChinese.

d.30Theancientcoinmeansthemoneyandwealth.

e.Thephoenixisamythicalchicken-likebirdthatrepresentsgoodluck.

f.Thekylinisananimalthatiscomparedtoapersonofprofoundknowledge.Sothispicturemeansthataman