英国文化与中国文化对比英文.docx

英国文化与中国文化对比英文.docx

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英国文化与中国文化对比英文

Documentnumber：

BGCG-0857-BTDO-0089-2022

英国文化与中国文化对比英文

Westernstudentsenjoyaseeminglyrelaxededucationalexperience.This,however,isnotthecaseforstudentsinAsia,whofacecrushingworkloadsandareoftenverydisciplined.InthefirstpartofherGlobalist.?

Thedecisionispartlybasedonaninability—orunwillingness—tospendthousandsofdollarsintuitionfees,especiallygiventhesuspicionthatlocalschoolsarebetteranyway.Afterall,whatmorecouldonewantfromabasiceducationthanastronggroundinginlanguage,mathandscience,allsubjectsinwhichAsianschoolsfamouslyexcel.Ourmainconcernistheabilityofourson—andindeedthewholefamily—toadapttothestrictdiligencethatisexpectedoftheChinese.Apprehensionincreaseswhentalkingtolocalfriends.?

Chinahasalonghistoryofstandardizedtests,beginningwiththeancientimperialexamsinitiatedduringtheSuiDynasty.ShellyChenisatthetopoftheclassattheShanghaiforeignlanguageschool,oneofthecity’sbestmiddleschools.AlreadynearfluentinEnglish,sheisstudyingGermanandranksamongthehighestinhergradeinphysics.HergoalistogetafullscholarshiptoHarvardtostudybiochemistry.ItisnotonlyWesternexpatriatesthatgrowanxiouswhenhearingaboutstudentslikeShelly.?

ThroughoutEngland,politicians,parentsandpunditsworrythattheindustriousnessanddisciplineofkidsintheEastareleavingrelativelyrelaxedWesternerstrailingbehind.Thoughthereissomedebatesurroundingthestatistics,itiswidelybelievedthatNorthAmericaisfailingtoproducesufficientgraduatesinsciencesandengineering.StilllesscontroversyattendstheobservationthatmathscoresthroughouttheWestrankwellbelowthoseofmostAsiancountries.Asaresult,thereisadeepeningconsensusthat,inordertomaintainitscompetitiveedge,?

Chinesestudentsaretaughtthatallquestionshavebutonerightanswerandthereislittleroomfordebate.NorthAmericaneducationneedstomoveawayfromanemphasisonfun,flexibilityandindividuallearningstyles.Instead,ithastoshifttowardsamorestrict,disciplinedteachingenvironmentthatmathandscience,inparticular,seemtodemand.ThisshiftcanbediscernedeveninCanada,wheretherearenocollegeentranceexams,andwhere,standardizedtesting,memorizationandrotelearninghavelongbeenfrownedupon.?

Nevertheless,thereisamountingchoruscomplainingthattheprominencegiventocreativitycheatsstudentsoutofapropereducation.PeoplelikescienceteacherSumitraRajagopalanareentreatingCanadianeducatorstoadoptamoreAsianpedagogicalphilosophybasedon“constantrepetition,recitation,grillinganddrilling”.IntheUnitedStates,theriseofChinaandIndiaisputtingevenmoreemphasisonthedemandforeducationreform.?

Tougherstandards,Newpolicies—suchasNoChildLeftBehind—haveledtoanincreasedstressonstandardizedtesting.?

Inthe2006StateoftheUnionaddress,PresidentGeorgeW.BushmentionedthethreatofAsia’sgiantsspecificallywhenintroducinghis“CompetitiveInitiative”,aprogramthatpromisessubstantialfundsfortheteachingofbasicmathandscience.?

Butinanironictwist,thereisanincreasingdesiretomakeeducationmoreEnglandinChina.ManynowagreethatthelackofcreativityinChina’seducationsystemwillsoonproveamajorstumblingblockinthecountry’scontinuingdevelopment.?

Governmentandbusinessleadersworryaboutaderivative,manufacturing-basedeconomy,whichisunabletoinnovatecoretechnology,lacksmajorresearchanddevelopmentprojects—andlagsfarbehindincreativesectorslikemarketinganddesign.?

Alackofflexibilityandinabilityofindividualstotaketheinitiativeaffectstheentireservicesector,paralyzingemployeesateverylevel.Arrivinglateforthesetbreakfastatafive-starhotelinChengdu,forexample,I,alongwithagroupofotherforeigners,foundthatthecoffeehadrunout.Ourrequestformorethrewthestaffintocrisis.Itwasnotuntilaseriesofmeetingshadbeenheldandpermissionsoughtfromseniormanagementthatafreshpotcouldbebrewed.Passingeventrivialproblemsupthemanagementhierarchyinthiswayissimplyimpossibleinasophisticatedpost-industrialsociety.?

Chinahasimplementedasetofreformsknownas“qualityeducation”.Thispolicy,whichaimstoteachcreativityandemphasizecharacterdevelopment,hasresultedincertainconcreteshiftsincludingchangestotextbooks,anincreasedemphasisonoralskillsinlanguagelearning—andvariousattemptstogetteacherstoencouragestudentparticipation.?

MostChinese,however,areskepticalthatanythingotherthansurfacetransformationistakingplace.Astheyarequicktopointout,theunderlyingissue—aneducationsystemrootedinstandardizedtests—hasyettobealtered.?

ChinesestudentsachievenearperfectscoresonWesternstandardizedexams.Butwhengoabroad,theyfindthemselvesillpreparedfortheeducation.?

Today,nationaltestsdeterminewhichelementary,highschoolanduniversityastudentwillattend.Theyarestillthesinglemostimportantfactorindecidingone’sgeneralcareerpath.?

TheweightgiventotestingisregularlycriticizedthroughoutChinesesociety.Newspapersandmagazinescommonlyreportontheextremepressureofthegeneralexams.?

StoriesrangefromconcernoverthesuicideratetobizarreanecdotesliketheoneaboutgirlsinGuangdongprovincewhoaresaidtohaveboughtupmassquantitiesofcontraceptivepillsandthentakenthemduringthetestperiod—inthehopeofwardingofftheilleffectsoftheirmenstrualcycle.Despitetheseconcerns,thereislittlerealimpetusforthetestingsystemtochange.InChina,standardizedtestsareseenastheonlywaytoguaranteemeritocracyandensurefairness.TheCanadianmethodofgrantinguniversityadmissiononthebasisofinterviewsandgradepointaveragesisseenasfartoosubjective.InChina,manybelievethatinasystemlikethisthebestschools,universitiesandjobswouldgoonlytothosewiththerightguanxii（connections）.China’semphasisonmemorizationandrotelearninghassignificantconsequences.Studentsaretaughtthatallquestionshavebutonerightanswerandthereislittleroomfordebateandoriginalthought.?

Subjectslikehistoryandpoliticsarefocusedsolelyondatesandnames.EventheChineselanguageexam,whichrequiresstudentstowriteessays,allocatesgradesaccordingtohowwellonecanquoteclassicaltextsandidioms.?

Passingtrivialproblemsupthemanagementhierarchyissimplyimpossibleinasophisticatedpost-industrialsociety.?

Asaresult,ChinesestudentsdevelopwhatappearstomanyWesternersasashockingcapacityformemorization.Manyareabletoreciteentirearticlesandtherearestoriesofsomewhoarecapableofcommittingtheentiredictionarytomemory.?

Chinesestudentsthusregularlyachievenear-perfectscoresonthestandardizedexamsofEuropeandEngland.whentheygoabroadmanyofthesestudentsfindtheyareill-preparedforWesterneducation.ChinesestudentswithphenomenalTOEFL（TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguage）scoresareoftenincapableoftakingpartinsimpleEnglishconversation.?

AtleastonegraduateschoolinoneofEngland’smosteliteuniversitieshasnowbecomewaryofacceptingstudentsfromChinaforthisreason.Assumedskillssuchasin-classparticipation,seminarpresentationsandindividualresearchprojects,commonpracticeinelementaryschoolsinNorthAmerica,arelargelyunheardofintheChineseclassroom—eveninmostuniversities.?

Nationaltestsdeterminewhichschoolastudentwillattend.Theyarethemostimportantfactorindecidingone’scareerpath.?

Moreover,thestressonoriginalthinkingandstrictrulesregardingplagiarismoftenseembafflingtostudentsfromChina.AnAmericanteacherworkinginYunnanprovincetellsofencounteringthisculturaldividewhentwostudentshandedintheexactsameessayforanin-classexam.

Becauseofdiffrenttraditionsandcultures,therearemanydiffrencesbetweenChineseeducationandBritisheducation.

Firstly,theChineseeducationis"nineyearcompulsoryeducation".Mostofschoolsarepublicschools.Andthetutionscomefromthegovernment.AndtheBritisheducationisalsocompulsoryeducation.Buttheschoolsystemistwo-tracksystemwhichincludedthepublicschoolandtheprivateschool.Andthetutionsarefreeinthepublicschoolwhilethosecomefromthestudents'parentsintheprivateschool.

Secondly,theChineseschoolsonlyhavesomesubjects,suchasChinese,maths,English,history,physicsandsoon.TheChinesestudentsmuststudythesesubjectseveryday.Andtheymustworkhardthattheyhardlyhavesparetime.ButinBritain,thestudentshavechancestochooseanelectivecourcetoexpandtheirknowledgeandvisions.AndtheyhavemuchmoresparetimetoplaythanChinesestudents.

Finally,theChineseeducationalsystemisverysimple.Mostofstudentshavetopassthecollegeentranceexamination.Andthentheycangotocollegetostudyamajor.ButinBritain,thestudentshavemanychoicestostudy.Therearemanytechnologyschools.Everybodycanenterwithoutcertisficationandlimetedage.

AlthoughtherearemanydifferencesbetweentheChineseeducantionandtheBritisheducation,theyhavesomeadventagesanddisadventagesinsomeaspects.