翻译资格考试真题.docx

翻译资格考试真题.docx

《翻译资格考试真题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《翻译资格考试真题.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

翻译资格考试真题

Part1

TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese2hours

Readthefollowingtwopassages.

TranslatethemintoChinese.

Writeyouranswersonthispaper.

Youmayusetheadditionalpaperforanyroughworkbutyoumustcopy

youranswersontothispaper.

Passage1

TheAtlanticAllianceNeedsTending

TheU.S.andEurope.Thesedays,theybickeralmostlikeacouplewhoselongmarriageisindangerofunravelling.Thelitanyofmisunderstandingsandmutualresentmentseemstobegrowing.Fromthedeathpenaltytosteeltariffs,fromtheIsraeli-Palestinianconflicttomilitaryspending,thereisanabyssbetweenAmericanandEuropeanpositionsoninnumerableissues.

Eachsidefeelstheotherisn'tshoulderingenoughoftheburdensfacing

both.TheEuropeansseeanunbendingposture,fromtheBush

Administration'sprotectinginefficientU.S.steelcompaniestoitsthreatstotakeoutIraq'sSaddamHusseina—lone,ifnecessary.U.S.policymakers,fortheirpart,arelosingpatiencewithEuropeans'inabilityitougsetseraboutdefencespending.ThewarinAfghanistanhasbroughthomethe

realitythatmuchofEuropehasfallenbehindinmilitarytechnology.AndWashingtonisannoyedatEurope'sfecklessattemptsateconomic

reforms.Asaresult,Europecouldn'tpelaroylethofeconomiclocomotive

tohelppulltheU.S.outofitsdownturnin2001.Thisyear,EuropeissettogrowlessthantheU.S.onceagain.

Relationshipsintroublecanbefixed,andthisonehadbetterbe.Inaworldincreasinglyfraughtwithdanger,EuropeanleadersmustcommitthemselvestobiggermilitarybudgetsorriskbeingmarginalisedbytheU.S.militarymachine.The$45.1billionhikeinmilitaryspendingtheBushAdministrationispushingfornextyearis$12.1billionmorethantheentiredefencebudgetofFrance.TheU.S.couldhelpbyopeningupmoreofitsvastmilitarymarkettoEuropeanpartners.AndWashingtonshouldrealisethatinmanyglobalchallengesasmartmultilateralapproachcanbemuchmoreeffectivethanunilateralism.

AworldinwhichtheU.S.andEuropegooffontheirown,inwhichthe

Atlanticallianceisreducedtomerelipservicetoidealslongsinceabandoned,isafrighteningone.

Passage2

NewTechnologies

Somenewtechnologiesarefrighteningfromthestart,andtheneedtoestablishpoliticalcontrolsovertheirdevelopmentanduseisobvioustoall.WhenthefirstatomicbombwasdetonatedatAlamogordo,NewMexico,inthesummerof1945,notoneofthewitnessestothiseventfailedtounderstandthataterriblenewpotentialfordestructionhadbeencreated.Nuclearweaponswerethusfromtheverybeginningringedwithpoliticalcontrols:

Individualscouldnotfreelydevelopnucleartechnologyontheirownortrafficinthepartsnecessarytocreateatomicbombs,andintime,nationsthatbecamesignatoriestothe1968nonproliferationtreatyagreedtocontrolinternationaltradeinnucleartechnology.

Othernewtechnologiesappeartobemuchmorebenign,andareconsequentlysubjecttolittleornoregulation.PersonalcomputersandtheInternet,forexample,promisedtocreatewealth,increaseaccesstoinformation,andfostercommunityamongtheirusers.Peoplehavehadtolookhardfordownsidestotheinformationrevolution.Whattheyhavefoundtodateareissuesliketheso-called“digitaldivide〞（i.e.,inequalityofaccesstoinformationtechnology）andthreatstoprivacy,neitherofwhichqualifyasearth-shakingmattersofjusticeormorality.Despiteoccasionaleffortsonthepartoftheworld'sstamtisotrseocietiestotrytocontrolthe

useofinformationtechnology,ithasblossomedinrecentyears.

Biotechnologyfallssomewherebetweentheseextremes.TransgeniccropsandhumangeneticengineeringmakepeoplefarmoreuneasythandopersonalcomputersortheInternet.Butbiotechnologyalsopromisesimportantbenefitsforhumanhealthandwell-being.Whenpresentedwith

anadvanceliketheabilitytocurediabetes,itishardforpeopletoarticulatereasonswhytheiruneasewiththetechnologyshouldstandinthewayofprogress.Itiseasiesttoobjecttoanewbiotechnologyifitsdevelopmentleadstoabotchedclinicaltrialortoadeadlyallergicreactiontoageneticallymodifiedfood.Buttherealthreatofbiotechnologyliesinthepossibilitiesofhumancloning,“designerbabieseuge〞ni—cselection

forintelligence,sex,andpersonality—andeventually,theendofthehumanspeciesassuch.

Part2

TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish2hours

Readthefollowingtwopassages.

TranslatethemintoEnglish.

Writeyouranswersonthispaper.

Youmayusetheadditionalpaperforanyroughworkbutyoumustcopyyouranswersontothispaper.

Passage1

引导农民向城市转移

中国有12多亿人口，农民占了9亿多。

尽管农村社会在进一步分化，但农村人口却没有减少，反而在增加。

据中国社科院调查，与1978年相比，1999

年农民增加了800多万人。

一份研究报告指出，“没有城市化的开展，农村、农业和农民的问题也不可能得到有效解决。

过去人们常讲，农民问题归根到底是土地问题，这个问题已经根本解决了。

现在的农民问题是就业问题。

〞因此，调整城乡社会结构，加快城市化的步伐，改变城市化严重滞后于工业化的状况，应是当务之急。

一些经济学家估计，到2005年，中国农村剩余劳动力将上升至两亿人，这一庞大人口需要城市来吸纳。

转移庞大的农村人口，仅靠大城市显然是远远不够的，因为大城市的就业压力普遍较重。

一些专家认为，农村人口转移的出路还是应以小城镇为主。

城镇居民的生活支出、子女的教育投入等都比农民高出许多，城镇提供的就业时机也远比农村多。

Passage2

中年人的阅读

随着年龄的增长，书会像潮水一样涌来。

不能随便歌颂书了，书往往是一些垃圾。

去除垃圾很难，但起码可以绕开，绕得越远越好。

当然有时候对于某些书的疏离，不只是书本身的问题，而主要是人的问题：

作为一个读者，他的心情变了。

让青少年兴奋的书，中老年人不一定看。

人一到了中年，心情多多少少变得苍凉了。

中年人的情感既结实又朴素，这就影响到书的选择。

有阅读能力和阅读习惯的中年人是很多的，他们的知识、经验和判断力有可能在深层左右着阅读的方向和趣味。

中年人更愿意看真实事件和场景的记录，比方重要人物的传记，游历笔记，回忆录和目击记，地理勘察录，探险记等等。

在这种

这些

阅读中有一些特别的快感，那是因为整个过程始终伴随了这样的提醒：

文字是真实的。

中级笔译考试时间：

240分钟

Part1

TranslationfromEnglishintoChinese2hours

Readthefollowingtwopassages.

TranslatethemintoChinese.

Writeyouanswersonthispaper.

Youmayusetheadditionalpaperforanyroughworkbutyoumustcopyyouranswersontothispaper.

Passage1

Artificialspeech

Becausespeechisthemostconvenientformofcommunication,inthefuturewewantessentiallynaturalconversationswithcomputers.Theprimarypointofcontactwillbeasimpledevicethatwillactasourwindowontheworld.Youwillsimplytalktoit.Thedevicewillbepermanentlyconnectedtotheinternetandwillbeeprelevantinformationuptoyouasitcomesin.

Justhowquicklypeoplewilladapttoavoice-basedinternetworldisuncertain.Manybelievethat,initiallyatleast,wewillneedsimilarconventionsforthevoicetothoseweuseatpresentonscreen:

click,back,forward,andsoon.ButsoonyouwillundoubtedlybeabletointeractbyvoicewithallthoseIT-basedservicesyoucurrentlyconnectwithovertheInternetbymeansofakeyboard.ThiswillhelptheInternetservetheentirepopulation,notjusttechno-freaks.

Changeslikethiswillencompassthewholeworld.BecauseEnglishisthelanguageofscience,itwillprobablyremainthelanguageinwhichthetechnologyismostadvanced,butmostspeech-recognitiontechniquesaretransferabletootherlanguagesprovidedthereissufficientmotivationtoundertakethework.

Withintenyearswewillhavecomputersthatrespondtogoal-directedconversations,butforacomputertohaveaconversationthattakesintoaccounthumansocialbehaviourisprobably50yearsoff.We'renotgoing

tobechattingtothebigscreeninthelivingroomjustyet.

TherearethoseintheITcommunitywhobelievethatcurrenttechniqueswilleventuallyhitabrickwall.Personally,Ibelievethatincrementaldevelopmentsinperformancearemorelikely.Butit'asttbruyeabthout

2040orso,computerarchitectureswillneedtobecomehighlyparallelifperformanceistokeepincreasing.Perhapsthatwillinspiresomeradicallynewapproachestospeechunderstandingthatwillsupplantthemethodswe'redevelopingnow.

Smallvendorsengageinsimplespot-markettransactions,withbuyersandsellersdealingfacetofacetotradefairlystandardproductswhosequalityiseasytoverify.Langemultinationalfirmsexchangemoredifferentiatedproducts,facegreaterdifficultiesinverifyingquality,andmustspangreaterseparationsintimeandspacebetweenonepartofthetransactionandtheother.Mosteconomieshavebothtypesofmarkets.Butthefirstisrelativelymorecommonindevelopingcountries,thesecondinindustrialeconomies.

Developedmarkets-moreglobal,moreinclusive,andmoreintegrated-offermoreopportunityandchoice.Underdevelopedmarkets,morelikelyinpoorcountries,tendtobemorelocalandsegmented.So,comparedwithfarmersinCanada,poorfarmersinBangladeshhavefeweropportunitiesandfarfewerformalinstitutions（suchasbanksandformalcourts）toreducetheirrisksandincreasetheiropportunities.

Whatlimitsmarketopportunities?

Thetransactioncostsstemmingfrominadequateinformationandincompletedefinitionandenforcementofpropertyrights.Andbarrierstoentryfornewparticipants.Whatincreasesthem?

Institutionsthatraisethereturnsfrommarketexchange,reducerisk,andincreaseefficiency.

Yetnotallinstitutionspromoteinclusivemarkets.Institutionaldesignsthatevolvethroughhistoricalcircumstancesoraredirectedbypolicymakersarenotnecessarilythebestforallofsocietyorforeconomicgrowthandpovertyreduction.Forinstance,stateagriculturalmarketingboards,insteadofhelpingfarmers,haveoftenresultedinlowerincomesfortheminAfrica.Andinstitutionsthatoncesupportedmarkettransactionscanoutlivetheirusefulness,forexample,privatizationagenciesandbankrestructuringagencies.Thechallengeforpolicymakersistoshapeinstitutionaldevelopmentinwaysthatenhanceeconomicdevelopment.

Part2

TranslationfromChineseintoEnglish2hours

Readthefollowingtwopassages.

TranslatethemintoChinese.

Writeyouanswersonthispaper.

Youmayusetheadditionalpaperforanyroughworkbutyoumustcopyyouranswersontothispaper.

Passage1

保姆校长常常听到一些大学校长说：

“我把学生当自己的儿女看待