图表写作.docx
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图表写作
图表写作
1.语言要求
图表作文十分客观因此其中不应当出现第一人称,只是一种客观表述,而不应当包含主观的内容,在文章的措辞上就表现出一种客观的态度。
2.内容方面
趋势描写
图表中常常会反映出某个事物的趋势,有总体趋势也有局部趋势,因此趋势描写便成为图表作文中必不可少的内容。
图表的目的是通过对比对照来说明问题,因此文章也应当描写有关对比对照的趋势。
数据导入
图表的另外一个特点是表中会出现大量数据,因此图表作文中也一定要导入数据。
只是泛泛地谈某种趋势是远远不够的,必须有具体的数据来支持。
例如文章中说某物在增长,后面就应该导入数据来证明事物的增长。
没有数据的导入,就必定会导致内容上遗漏重要信息。
3.结构要求
图表作文要求结构清晰、层次分明。
一定要注意衔接手段的使用。
开头部分:
图表作文的首段必须交代三个要素:
图表研究的时间段、研究的对象和研究所采用的数据形式(是具体的数字还是百分比),应当争取将这三个要素在一句话里面说清楚,实际上就是把题目中描述图表的那一句话用自己的语言描述并拓展一下就可以了。
最多两句话。
主体段落:
主体段落应当描写单方面的趋势,根据趋势的分类来决定主体段落应当划分为几个自然段。
结尾部分:
图表通过对具体数据的对照和对比来说明问题,因此在图表作文的结尾部分要写出对照对比的趋势,以及从这个趋势中得出一个什么样的结论。
4.图表作文常用句型
1.表示“说明”的句子结构
Thetable/chart/diagram/graphshows(that)…
Thefigures/statisticsshow(that)…
Thediagramshows/describes/illustrateshow…
Accordingtothe/As(is)showninthe/Ascanbeseenfromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figures…
Itcanbeseenfromthe/Wecanseefromthe/itisclear(apparent)fromthetable/chart/diagram/graph/figuresthat…
2.表示“数据”的句子结构
AustraliaandtheUKbothhad10%.
Theprofitroseto10%.
Themonthlyprofitincreased/fellby10%from10%to20%/from20%to10%.
Theprofitremainedsteadyat10%.
Theprofitpeakedatjustover10%.
Thailandhadthelargestpercentage/number(10%/245)ofthestudents.
10%ofthestudentswerefromthePeople’sRepublicofChina.
Thailandaccountedfor10%ofthestudents.
Theymadetwice/threetimes/fourtimestheprofit/thepercentageofprofitinMaythaninMarch.
Theprofitpercentage/percentageofprofitdoubled(increased/decreasedthree-fold)fromMarchtoMay.
CompanyA’sprofitpercentagerosesteadily,whereasthatofCompanyBfellslightly.
Thereweremoremalesthanfemales(10%and5%respectively).
另外还要注意下列表中表达数字和统计数据的方式:
SchoolAhas
almost
nearly
approximately
about
justover
over
a(one)quarterof
a(one)thirdof
a(one)halfof
threequartersof
the(total)numberofstudents
almost
nearly
approximately
about
justover
over
aquarterof
half
threequarters
twice
threetimes
asmanystudents
asmuchspace
asSchoolB
SchoolAhas
about/nearly
about/approximately
asmany(students)as
asmuch(space)as
SchoolB
about/approximately
exactly/precisely
thesame
(number
(proportion
(amount
ofstudents)as
3.表示“数据变化”的句子结构
1)表示增加、较少和波动可使用下面两种结构来表达:
Verb+adverbform
Adjective+nounform
Thenumberof(cars)
increased
jumped
rose
soar
goup
decreased
dropped
fell
fluctuated
suddenly
rapidly
dramatically
significantly
sharply
steeply
steadily
gradually
slowly
slightly
from(June)to(December)
between(June)and(December)
Therewasa(very)
sudden
rapid
dramatic
significant
sharp
steep
steady
gradual
slow
slight
increase
jump
rise
decrease
drop
fall
fluctuation
inthenumberof(cars)
from…to…
between…and…
2)表示变化不大或没有变化使用下列句型:
Thenumberof(carssold)remainedsteady(stable)/stayedthesamefrom…to…/between…and…
Therewaslittle/hardlyany/nochangeinthenumberof(carssold)from…to…/between…and…
3)表示曲线图上最高点和最低点使用下列句型:
Themonthly/thefigures/thesituationpeaked/reachedapeak/bottomedout/reachedthebottominDecember/at20%.
4.使用正确的时态和语态
5.不要在文章中发表个人看法
SampleTopic1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
SampleAnswer1
ThisdiagramunfoldsaclearcomparisonbetweenFlorida,astateoftheUnitedStates,andtheUnitedStatesasawholeinfouraspects,namely,registeredengineers,thecivilianlaborforce,manufacturingemploymentandhi-techemployment,from1978to1987.
Obviously,ineveryaspect,FloridahadamuchhighergrowthratethantheUnitedStatesasawholeduringthatperiod.Thenumberofregisteredengineersincreasedby87.5%,themostrapidincreaseofallthefouraspects.Astotheotherthree,thoughthegrowthrateswerenotsohigh,theywereindeedremarkableandimpressive.Theincreasesincivilianlaborforce,hi-techemploymentandmanufacturingemploymentwere48.8%,50.8%and27.5%respectively.
ComparedwithFlorida,theUnitedStatesasawholemademuchlessprogressinthetenyearsfrom1978to1987,thehighestbeingonly31.5%inhi-techemployment.Thenumberofregisteredengineersincreasedby19.9%andthatofthecivilianlaborforceby17.1%.Inmanufacturingemployment,thingswereevenworse:
thenumberofemployeddroppedby6.8%.
Fromthediagramitcanbesafelyconcludedthatintheyears1978~1987FloridadevelopedmuchmorerapidlythantheUnitedStatesasawhole.Thus,jobopportunitiesweremoreplentiful,andpeoplespecializedinmanufacturing,hightechnologyandotherfieldsweremorecertaintoachievesuccessintheircareersinFloridathaninotherstatesintheUnitedStates.
SampleTopic2
Youareadvisedtospendamaximumof20minutesonthistask.
Thegraphbelowshowsthemonthlyprofitsof3Australiancompaniesinthecarretailindustryforthe1994financialyear.
WriteareportforauniversitylecturercomparingtheperformanceofAcmeSportsCarsandBransonMotorsfortheperiodgiven.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
SampleAnswer2
Thegraphshowsthefourquartersofthe1994financialyearandthemonthlyprofitofAcmeSportsCarsandBransonMotorsfor12months.Theformerwasmakingalmosttwicetheprofitatthebeginningthanattheendofthefinancialyear.Therewasathree-foldincreaseinthelatter’smonthlyprofitoverthesameperiod.
Duringthefirstquarter,AcmeSportsCars’monthlyprofitdecreasedslightlyfrom$70,000to$60,000,butrosesharplyto$80,000bytheendofSeptember.BransonMotors’monthlyprofit,however,doubledfrom$20,000to$40,000.
Duetotheintroductionofaluxurygoodstax,AcmeSportsCars’monthlyprofitfelldramaticallyduringthesecondquarterfrom$80,000toonly$10,000,whereasthatofBransonMotorscontinuedtorise,peakingatjustover$60,000bytheendofDecember.
Inthethirdquarter,AcmeSportsCars’monthlyprofitincreasedsteadilyto$20,000andremainedstable,whileBransonMotors’monthlyprofitsfluctuatedbetweenjustover$60,000and$40,000.atthebeginningofthelastquarter,aboostintheeconomymeantthemonthlyprofitofbothAcmeSportsCarsandBransonMotorsgraduallyincreasedto$40,000and$60,000respectivelybythefinancialyear’send.
SampleTopic3
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.
Thegraphbelowshowstheareaoflandfromwhichgrainwasharvested.
Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationinthegraph.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
SampleAnswer3
Thegraphshowstotalworldgrainharvestareainmillionsofhectaresbetween1950and1996.Ingeneral,thetotalharvestareaincreaseduntil1980,atwhichpointtherewasareductionintheareaharvestedduetoretrenchment.
In1950almost600millionhectaresofgrainwereharvestedworldwide.Duringthe1950stheUSSRinitiatedaVirginLandsProgramwhichgreatlyincreasedtheareaharvestedtoaround650millionhectares.Fromthispointuntilthemid-1970stheareaharvestedincreasedslowly,whichsomefluctuations,tojustover700millionhectares.Thenaround1975thepriceofgraindoubledandthiscausedarapidincreaseintheamountoflanddevotedtograinproduction.From1980to1995therewasagradualdecreaseintheamountoflandusedforgraincultivation.Afterthistheareaharvestedagainbegantorise.
Insummary,wecanseethattheareadevotedtograinproductionwasaffectedbybothgovernmentpolicyandmarketforces.
Sampletopic4
Youareadvisedtospendamaximumof20minutesonthistask.
ThetablebelowsummarisessomedatacollectedbyacollegebookshopforthemonthofFebruary1995.
Writeareportdescribingthesalesfiguresofvarioustypesofpublications,basedontheinformationshowninthetable.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
Non-BookClubMembers
BookClubMembers
Total
Collegestaff
Collegestudents
Membersofpublic
Fiction
Non-Fiction
Magazines
44
29
332
31
194
1249
122
82
76
942
33
151
1287
1696
Total
405
1474
204
1051
3134
SampleAnswer4
Thetableshowsthesalesfiguresoffictionbooks,non-fictionbooks,andmagazinesinacollegebookshopforFebruary1995.Thefiguresaredividedintotwogroups:
salestonon-BookClubmembersandtoBookclubmembers.
Thenon-BookClubmemberfigurescomprisesalestocollegestag,collegestudents,andmembersofthepublic.Collegestaffbought332magazines,44fictionand29non-fictionbooks.Collegestudentsbought1249magazines,194non-fictionand31fictionbooks.Moremagazinesweresoldtocollegestudentsthantoanyothergroupofcustomers.Althoughnofictionbooksweresoldtomembersofthepublic,theypurchased122non-fictionbooksand82magazines.
Bookclubmembersboughtmorefiction(76)andnon-fictionbooks(942)thanothercustomers.Ontheotherhand,magazinesalestoClubmembers(33)werefewerthantoanyothertypeofcustomer.
Thetotalnumberofpublicationssoldforthemonthwas3134(1474tocollegestudents,405tostaff,204tothepublic,and1051toBookClubmembers.)ofthisfigure,151itemswerefictionbooksand1287werenon-fiction.Therefore,magazinesaccountedforthegreatestnumberofsales(1696).