广东省六校学年高三下学期第四次联考英语试题含答案解析.docx

广东省六校学年高三下学期第四次联考英语试题含答案解析.docx

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广东省六校学年高三下学期第四次联考英语试题含答案解析

广东省2022届高三六校第四次联考

英语

（满分:

120分时间:

120分钟）

注意事项：

1.答题前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。

并用2B铅笔将对应的信息点涂黑，不按要求填涂的，答卷无效。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束后，只需将答题卡交回。

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Asanewly-addedOlympicsport,surfingisattractingmoreattentionthaneverbefore.HereisaselectionofthetopsurfingdestinationsacrossAmerica.

Delaware

CoastalDelawareoffersplentyoffunwavesalongtheshoreofseveralcutetowns.Duetothewavescrashingclosetotheshore,Deweybeachisalsoaglobalskimboardinghotspotandhappenstobetheeastcoastcapitalforthesport. Ifyou’replanningavisit,checkoutthepopular“SummerVibes”festivalforsomebeachfun.

AtlanticCity,NewJersey

Whenworld-famoussurferandOlympicGoldmedalistDukeKahanamoku,oftenreferredtoas“thefatherofsurfing,”visitedthemainlandUnitedStatesintheearly1900s,herodehislongboardoffthecoastofAtlanticCity.Thebeachesherearewideandbeautiful—andlocalscatchwavesyear-round.

TheRockaways,NewYork

LocatedashortdistancefromManhattan,TheRockawaysattractsnewandexperiencedsurfersfromacrosstheglobe.Besuretocomepreparedinwinterwithawetsuit,whilesummerbringsmuchwarmerwatertemperatures.Afterwards,explorethetownasthere’splentyofcafes,boutiques,andrestaurantsstepsfromthesand.

CocoaBeach,Florida

Situatedabout45minutesfromOrlando,CocoaBeachisarenownedsurftownthat’shometotwooftheworld’sbestsurfers（CarolineMarksandKellySlater）andafavoriteforsurfersofalllevels.Thisfamily-friendlytownhaslotsofactivitiesforeveryone.Whenyou’renotinthewater,youcanstrolltheHistoricCocoaVillageanditsshops,cafes,andgalleries.

1.WhatisthemostsuitabletimeforsurferstoenjoybeachfuninDelaware?

A.January.B.August.C.October.D.December.

2.WhatareyouadvisedtodointheRockaways?

A.SurfwithOlympicGoldmedalists.

B.Checkoutthesurfingfestivalforfun.

C.Exploretheancienttownonthebeach.

D.Getpreparedforthecoldwaterinwinter.

3.Whichdestinationbestsuitsahousehold?

A.CocoaBeach.B.TheRockaways.C.AtlanticCity.D.Delaware.

B

“Haveyoucheckedtheoilinthecar?

”myfatherusedtosaytome,hisversionof“Hello,hopeyouarewell.”Sometimesourphonecallswouldbeginwithaninquiryabouttheoilandendwithaninquiryabouttheoil,withnotalotinbetween.

Fathershavealotoflovetogive,butit’softensuppliedthroughthemediumofpracticaladvice.Theaffectionatephrase“Youmademylifebetterfromthemomentyouwereborn”mayberarelyheard,butthereisthemorecommon“I’llholdtheladderwhileyougettheleavesofftheroof.”

Whycan’twefathersjustsay“Iloveyou”or“It’sgreattoseeyou”?

Thepointis:

That’sexactlywhatwearesaying.YoujusthavetotranslatefromthelanguagethatisFatherlish.Listencloselyenoughandthephrase“Iloveyou”canbeheardinthelengthier“IcouldcomearoundSaturdayandreplacethesiliconsealaroundthebaseofyourtoiletbecauseIreckonthatthingisgettingreallysmelly.”

WhenIwas17,Iwentonmyfirstroadtrip.Myfatherstoodonthecornerinthepredawnofacoldmorningtobidusfarewell.“Highwaysaredangerous,”hesaid,“sodon’ttryovertakinganythingfasterthanahorseandbuggy.Andtakeabreakeverytwohours.Andeverytimeyoustopforgas,youreallyshouldchecktheoil.”Atthetimewethoughthisspeechwasfunnyandwouldchant“horse-and-buggy”everytimeIflooredtheaccelerator.

Dad’slonggonenow.Butafteralltheseyears,IrealizethathadIownedacopyoftheFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary,I’dhaveunderstoodthatthespeechmyfriendandIsocasuallymockedwassimplyDad’sattemptataffection.

4.Accordingtothepassage,howdofathersusuallyshowtheiraffection?

A.Byinquiringtheirkids’car.B.Bydoingratherthansaying.

C.Byofferinghelpfuladvice.D.Byaccompanyingtheirkids.

5.Whydoestheauthormentionhisfirstroadtrip?

A.Toexemplifytheuniqueparentalconcern.

B.Toprovidesomebackgroundknowledge.

C.Toexplainthereasonsformymocking.

D.Topresentmyfather’sfunnyspeech.

6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Myfatherhasgonesomewherefaraway.

B.Iregrettedmakingfunofmyfather’sspeech.

C.IownedacopyofFatherlish-to-Englishdictionary.

D.Myfather’sspeechgotacrosstomewhenIwas17.

7.Whichwordscanbestdescribetheauthor’sfather?

A.Caringandconsiderate.B.Devotedandgenerous.

C.Talkativeandhumorous.D.Knowledgeableanddiligent.

C

Astudyof8differentexperimentsshowedthatourbrainstendtopreferadditionratherthansubtractionwhenitcomestofindingsolutions—inmanycases,itseemswejustdon’tconsiderthestrategyoftakingsomethingawayatall.

Theresearchersfoundthatthispreferenceforaddingwasnoticeableinthreesituationsinparticular:

whenpeoplewereunderhighercognitive（认知的）load,whentherewaslesstimetoconsidertheotheroptions,andwhenvolunteersdidn’tgetaspecificreminderthatsubtractingwasanoption.Inoneoftheexperiments,participantswereaskedtoimproveaLegostructuresothatitwasabletotakemoreweight.Halfthevolunteerswereremindedthattheycouldtakeawaybricksaswellasaddthem,andhalfweren’t.Inthegroupthatgotthereminder,61percentsolvedtheproblembytakingawayabrick—whichwasamuchfasterandmoreefficientwayofmakingthestructurestable.Inthegroupthatdidn’tgetthereminder,only41percentwentfortheremovingbricksapproach.

“Additiveideascometomindquicklyandeasily,butsubtractiveideasrequiremorecognitiveeffort,”sayspsychologistBenjaminConverse,fromtheUniversityofVirginia.“Becausepeopleareoftenmovingfastandworkingwiththefirstideasthatcometomind,theyendupacceptingadditivesolutionswithoutconsideringsubtractionatall.”

Theresearchershaveafewideasaboutwhatmightbegoingon.Ourbrainsmightfindadditivechangeseasiertoprocessperhaps,orwemightbeassociatingaddingwithideasofsomethingthat'sbiggerandthereforebetterinoursubconscious.Theremightalsobeassociationsinourmindswiththecurrentstatusbeingsomethingthatneedstobemaintainedasmuchaspossible—andtakingsomethingawayisarguablymoredestructivetothecurrentstatusthanaddingsomethingnew.

Theresearcherssaytheirworkisimportantinamuchbroadersense:

forinstitutionslookingtostreamline（简化）,forexample,andevenforthehumanracelookingforwaystobettermanagetheplanet’sresources.

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subtraction”inparagraph1referto?

A.Removal.B.Moderation.C.Refusal.D.Solution.

9.Inwhichsituationdopeoplepreferadding?

A.Whentheyareunderhighpressure.B.Whentheylackcognitiveability.

C.Whentheyarespeciallyreminded.D.Whentheyarehurriedtodecide.

10.Whatwereparticipantsrequiredtodointheexperiment?

A.Re-shapeLegobricks.B.TakeLegobricksaway.

C.MovetheLegostructure.D.StabilizetheLegostructure.

11.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Thewaystomakeadditivechanges.

B.Theeffectsoftakingsomethingaway.

C.Thereasonsforbrainspreferringaddition.

D.Theimportanceofmaintainingcurrentstatus.

D

EffortstopreservetheAmazonrainforest,whichsupportsimmensebiodiversityandlocksawaytonsofclimatethreateningcarbon,aregrowingmoreurgentastheecosystem’sdestructionaccelerates.Indigenous（当地的）peopleshavebeentryingtoprotecttheregionbypatrolling（巡逻）theirterritorialboundariesforillegalactivities.Butrapiddeforestationcontinues.

Arecentstudyshowsthatcombiningon-the-groundmonitoringwithsatellitedataandsmartphonetechnologycouldhelpputthebrakesonAmazondeforestation—andpotentiallythatofforestselsewhere.

Illegallogging,agricultureandcocacultivationparticularlythreatentheAmazoninthePeruvianIndigenouscommunitiesandoutsidersareoftentheculprits（罪魁祸首）.Theresearchteamwonderedifprovidingtrainingforlocalpeopletousesatellite-based“earlydeforestationalerts”couldhelp.Thescientistscollaboratedwith76Indigenouscommunities,36ofwhichparticipatedinusingthesealertstowatchovertheforest.Overthenexttwoyearsthesetrainedparticipantswerepaidtoworkasforestmonitorsandreceivedmonthlyalertsviatheappwhensatellitedataindicatedlocalforestlosses.Monitorsinvestigatedalerts,patrolledfordeforestationinotherareasandreportedconfirmedlossesbacktotheircommunities,whichdecidedwhethertodealwiththeculpritsontheirownorinformstateauthorities.

Theresearchersanalyzedthesameforest-losssatellitedatafromthegiventimeperiodinall76communities.Theyfoundtheearly-alertprogramreducedforestlossby8.4hectaresinthefirsttwoyear—a52%reductioncomparedwiththeaveragelossinthecontrolcommunities.

ExpertssaythisapproachtotacklingAmazoniandeforestationlookspromising.“Wouldthisworkinallcommunitiesthathavehighriskofdeforestation?

Giventheresults,it’sworthatry.”saysCatherineTucker,aresearcherattheUniversityofFlorida.“Butsomecommunitiesmaynothaveaccesstotheresourcesneededforsuchaprogram,ortheirterritoriesmayholdvaluablemineralsthatwouldincreasetheriskofdeforestationbyoutsidersdespitemonitoringefforts,”wroteFranciscoHernande