词形变换.docx
《词形变换.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《词形变换.docx（12页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
词形变换
词形变换类题型的几个考点
一、可数名词单数变复数类：
1．规则变化:
（1）一般情况加-s,如:
girls,books,pens,bags,boys,days等。
（2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es,如:
buses,boxes,watches,brushes等。
（3）以o结尾的名词，无生命的名词多加-s，有生命的名词多加-es。
（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es,如:
city→cities,story→stories
（5）以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。
如:
leaf→leaves,knife→knives,
shelf→shelves等。
（roof→roofs）
2．不规则变化的名词要熟记：
man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,people→people,sheep→sheep,Chinese→Chinese
deer→deerJapanese→Japanese
二、名词变形容词类：
1．在动词或名词后加后缀-ful,如：
care→careful;use→useful;thank→thankful;help→helpful;beauty→beautiful;wonder→wonderful
forget→forgetful
2．在名词后加-y,如：
luck→lucky,cloud→cloudy;wind→windy;rain→rainy;sun→sunny,snow→snowynoise-noisyhealth→healthy
3．在名词后加-y,如：
friend→friendlylove→lovelyday→daily
4．方位名词加-ern，如：
east→easternwest→westernsouth→southern
north→northernnortheast→northeastern
6．在名词后加-less,变成否定含义的形容词。
如：
use→uselesshope→hopelesscare→careless
三、形容词加后缀变成名词
1．形容词加-ness变成名词，如：
happy→happinessill→illnessweak→weaknesskind→kindness
good→goodnesscareless→carelessness
2．形容词加-ty变成名词，如：
safe→safetydifficult→difficulty
3．形容词加-th变成名词，如：
true→truthwarm→warmthyoung→youth
4．形容词加-ence/ance变成名词，如：
important→importancedependent→dependencedifferent→difference
四、形容词变副词类：
形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语；副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。
1．一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词，如：
slow→slowly clear→clearly quick→quickly
quiet→quietlycareful→carefullysudden→suddenly
real→really
2．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，要变y为i加-ly，如：
easy→easilyhappy→happilyheavy→heavily
lucky→luckilybusy→busilyangry→angrily;
3．以元音字母加辅音字母＋e结尾的重读开音节，直接加-ly，如：
polite→politelysafe→safelywide→widely
4．以元音字母＋e结尾，去e加-ly，如：
true→truly
5．以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e加-y，如：
terrible→terriblypossible→possibly
6．形容词与副词同形，如：
fast→fastearly→earlyhigh→highhard→hard
7．形容词与副词异形，如：
good→well
8．注意：
hard作形容词时意思是“困难的；硬的；生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地”。
hardly是否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。
五、动词变名词类：
1．动词加-er变成名词，如：
work→workerfarm→farmerteach→teacher
sing→singerspeak→speakerplay→player
read→readerdrive→driverwrite→writer
ride→riderdance→dancerrun→runner;
win→winner cook→cookerwash→washer
travel→traveler
2．动词加-or变成名词，如：
visit→visitorinvent→inventoroperate→operator
conduct→conductor
3．动词加-tion变成名词，如：
operate→operationinvent→invention
六、基数词变序数词类：
主要掌握好1-12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式：
one→firstnine→ninthforth→fortieth
two→secondten→tenthfifty→fiftieth
three→thirdeleven→eleventhsixty→sixtieth
four→fourthtwelve→twelfthseventy__seventieth
six→sixthtwenty→twentietheightieth→eighty
seven→seventhtwenty-one→twenty-firstninety→ninetieth
twenty-two→twenty-second
twenty-three→twenty_thirdthirty→thirtieth
七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类
1．形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成
（1）单音节词与部分双音节词规则变变化：
①一般词尾加er,est；如：
fastfasterfastest
②以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er,-est；如：
easyeasiereasiest
③以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母再加-er,
-est；如：
hothotterhottest
④以e结尾加-r，-st；如：
fine→finer,nice→nicer
（2）部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词，在其前加more,most变成比较级和最高级。
如：
interesting→moreinteresting，mostinteresting
beautiful→morebeautiful，mostbeautiful
slowly→moreslowly，mostslowly
quickly→morequickly，mostquickly
（3）不规则变化：
good→better→bestwell→better→best
many→more→mostmuch→more→most
little→less→leastfar→farther/further→farthest/furthest.
ill→worse→worstbad/badly→worse→worst
old→older/older→oldest/eldest
2．原级：
as＋形容词或副词的原形＋as “和……一样……”，
notas/so＋形容词或副词的原形＋as“和……不一样……”。
八、人称代词变化类：
要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。
见下面表格：
数
格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
she
it
him
her
It
they
they
数
类别
人 称
单数
复数
形容词性物主代词
名词性
物主代词
形容词性物主代词
名词性
物主代词
第一人称
my
mine
our
ours
第二人称
your
yours
your
yours
第三人称
his
his
their
theirs
her
hers
its
its
九、常见的反义词：
1．动词
buy—selltake—bringremember—forget
die—livelove—haterise—fall
ask—answerstart—finishmiss—catch
pull—pushgo—comelend—borrow
2．形容词
little—muchshort—tall/longright—left/wrong
free—busyfull—emptyfew—many
good—badwhite—blackcareful—careless
dead—livingcheap—expensiveclean—dirty
easy—difficultwet—drysame—different
open—closedstrong—weaklight—heavy
初中常见词形变化表1.act—actor—actress—active
2.agree—disagree---disagreement
3.alone—lonely
4.America—American
5.annoy—annoyed—annoying
6.Australia—Australian
7.balance—balanced
8.beauty---beautiful
9.bright—brightly
10.build---building
11.Canada—Canadian
12.china—Chinese
13.clear---clearly
14.collect—collection—collector
15.confident---confidence
16.educate—education—educational
17.Europe---European
18.excite—excited—exciting
19.fair—unfair
20.final—finally
21.fly—flight
22.follow—following
23.foreign—foreigner
24.fortunate---fortunately
25.friend____friendly
26.polite___politely___impolite
27.heavy___heavily
28.real____really
29.late____latest
30.careful____carefully
31.close____closed
32.excite__excited__exciting
33.interest___interested___interesting
34.lose____lost
35.close____closed
36.agree____disagree
37.noise___noisy___noisily
38.sleep___sleepy
39win____winner
40.loud____loudly
41.decide___decision
42.describe---description
43.die---dead---death
44.difference—different—differently
45.donate—donation
46.easy—easily
47.choose—choice
48.danger—dangerous
49.decide---decision
50.crowd---crowded
51.friend—friendship
52.France—French
53.frustrate—frustrating—frustrated
54..create---creative
55.honest—dishonest
57.ill—illness
59.include—including
58.important—importance—unimportant
56.health—healthy—unhealthy
60.interview—interviewer
61.invite—invitation
62.knowledge—knowledgeable
63.lead—leader
64.live--alive
65.loud—loudly—aloud
66.luck—lucky—luckily—unlucky
67.memorize—memory—memorable
68.music—musical—musician
69.nation—national—international
70.north—northern
71.organize—organization
72.peace—peaceful
73.perform—performer—performance
74.person—personal
75.piano—pianist
76.play—player
77.please—pleased—pleasant
78.polite—impolite—politely
79.pollute—pollution—polluted
80.professor—professional
81.program—programmer
82.pronounce—pronunciation
83.quick—quickly
84.rain—rainy
85.Russia---Russian
86.safe—safety
87.science—scientific—scientist
88.sleep—sleepy
89.slow—slowly
100.south—southern
101.special—specially
102.stomach—stomachache
103.strong—strongly
104.succeed-success-successful
105.suggest—suggestion
106.tired—tiring
107.tooth—toothache
108.tour--tourist—touristy
109.tradition—traditional
110.translate—translator
111.true—truth
112.usual—unusual—usually
113.violin—violinist
114.wait—waiter—waitress
115.wake—awake
116.west—western
117.with—without
118.worry—worried—worrying
119.wonder—wonderful
中考英语词形变换练习题
用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空
1.Nowletme_____（call）yournames.Theyaremy_____（friendly）.
2.I’dlikeyou______（meet）myparents,too..Mikeisill.Hismotherfeels_____（worry）..3.Someoftheapplesarehard_______（reach）.
4.Ihavealotofhomework______（do）.Thepotisusedfor_____（keep）waterhot.
5.DoEnglishpeoplelike______（boat）?
6.Whichis_____（far）fromus,thesunorthemoon?
7.Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyes______（close）.
8.Weliveinaplace______（call）GumTree.
9.Couldyouaskhim______（call）me,please?
10.Buttherearenotenoughpeople______（pick）theapples.
11.Mikewenton_____（write）hisletterfortwohours.
11.Theystopped______（play）basketballbecauseitbegantorain.
12.OurEnglishhasawayof_____（make）hisclassinteresting.
13.Wecanhearthegirl______（sing）inherroomnow.
14.It’shard______（finish）theworkinhalfaday.
15.Jimsaidhecouldmakethebaby_____（stop）crying.
16.Billwastootired_____（do）anythinglastnight.
17.Thanksalotfor_____（ask）metoyourparty.
18.Youmusthelpmedosome_______（cook）thisevening.
19.Thisisadoctor’s_______（wait）roominthehospital.
20.Youmustnottakethemagazinesoutofthe______（read）room.
21.Pleaseremember______（take）themedicineandhaveagoodrest.
22.Ididn’tfinish______（read）thebooklastnight.
23.Don’tforget_____（write）tousassoonasyougetthere.
24.Theyspenttwohours______（clean）thehouseyesterday.
25.Shefounditverydifficult_____（get）tosleep.
26.It’sbadforyoureyes______（read）inthesun.
27.AttheageoftenEdisonbecamevery______（interest）inscience.
28.Bequick!
Thereislittletime_______（leave）.
29.WhenIcamein,Isawapurse______（lie）onthefloor.
30.Pleaseanswermyquestionswithout______（look）atyourbooks.
根据句意，用括号内所给词语的适当形式填空：
1.Thepeopletherewere______tous.（friend）
2.Youmustlookafteryourselfandkeep______.（health）
3.MrandMrsGreenhaveason______Jack..（name）
4.ThebusierIam，the______Ifeel.（happy）
5.Moreandmoreforeign______areinterestedinthecity.（visit）
6.Billwas______hurtthananyotheroneintheaccident.（badly）
7.Nothingcanstopmefrom______there.（go）
8.Afriendof______willgotoEnglandforfurtherstudy.（I）
9.Sheaskedme______somethingaboutmyschool.（say）
10.I’mvery______becausethefootballmatchisvery______.（excite）
习题精选
1.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying.（noise）
2.Hewasoneofthebestinyesterday’sfootballmatch.（play）
3.GuangzhouisinthepartofChina.（south）
4.September10thisDay.（teacher）
5.Beijingersaretruetotheworld.（friend）
6.Look!
HowKateislaughing!
（happy）
7.It’sonlytenwalkfromthestationtothe
升级会员 