四级辅导写作讲义.docx

四级辅导写作讲义.docx

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四级辅导写作讲义

UsefulInformationonCET-4Writing

I.概述

1.中英文文章的差异：

a.英文文章表意比较直接，喜欢直奔主题；中文文章表意比较含蓄，多以与主题有关的背景开头，逐步引导，最终点题。

b.中文文章更具感情色彩，而英文文章尽量追求“客观”。

c.中文作者常以谚语、格言来支持自己的观点；英文作者则多以引述事实、数据等来支持自己的观点。

d.中文文章很强调文章的寓意，而英文文章并不总是这样。

e.中文中设问出现的频率比英文多一些。

f.汉语的表达习惯是把信息重点置于句末，把时间、条件、原因等解释性的信息放在句首；而英语造句的习惯正好相反。

2.六级考试中作文的时间限制为30分钟，分值15分，字数要求为120～150字。

3.从1997年6月起，四级考试开始实行“作文最低分”规定。

4.六级考试作文分类：

①按照形式可分为：

标题作文、段首句作文、提纲/提示作文、关键词作文、图表作文、情景作文、书信、文章摘要等八种。

②按照其内在结构可分为：

对立观点型、问题解决行、利弊说明型、主题阐述型、图表说明型以及综合型。

5.六级作文大部分为三段式，即分为引言、主体、结尾三部分。

6.写作注意事项：

a.卷面的美观并不是评分的主要标准，所以不必誊写文章。

b.文章中的观点正确与否、事实准确与否，不必细究。

c.时间分配要合理，30分钟内要完成审题、立意、组织素材、考虑结构、实际写作、最终检查六道工序。

其中实际写作的时间最好不要少于20分钟。

7.考生作文常见缺点：

①重点不突出；②语言不连贯。

8.写作原则：

尽量多使用四级词汇；注意长句、短句的搭配；注意句式的变化。

II.按文章的内在结构分为：

１．对立观点型：

模板1：

DifferentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonAAA.SomepeoplesupportAAAbyclaimingthat_____________________.//Somepeople,ontheotherhand,thinkdifferently.Theysaythat_____________________.Forexample,　_____________________.　//Inmyopinion,althougheverythinghasitsbothpositiveandnegativesides.Iwouldliketoagreetotheformer._____________________.Thereasongoesasfollows.Foronething,___________________.Foranotherthing,_____________________.

模板2：

People’sopinionsonAAAvaryfrompersontoperson.SomeofthemholdthatAAAisrightbecause_____________________.//Nevertheless,otherpeopleprefertheviewthatBBBisbetter.Theyexplainthat_____________________.//AsfarasIamconcerned,myfavorgoestothefirstview.Thefollowingarethereasonsofmychoice.First,_____________________.Secondly,_____________________.Inconclusion,____________.

2．问题解决型：

模板3：

Nowadays,wehavetofaceaproblemthat_____________________.//Peoplehadfiguredoutmanywaystosolvethisproblem.Firstly,_____________________.Thoughthismethodhasitsgoodsideslike_____________________,oneofitsbadsidesitbringsaboutisthatitcan_____________________.//Secondly,_____________________isanothermeans.Butitalsohasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Ontheonehand,_____________________.Ontheotherhand,_____________________.//Allinall,thesolutionsmaynotbringtheperfectresult,butaslongaswedoitwithourbrainsandhands,wewillonedayresolvetheproblem.

模板4：

AlthoughAAAhasbroughtconveniencetous,manypeoplehavebeguntorealizethatitisthesourceoftroubleaswell.//BecauseofAAA,_____________________happenagainandagainallovertheworld.What’smore,_____________________.//InordertosolvetheproblemofAAA,peoplehavedone_____________________.//Butsomeotherproblemspoppingupwiththesolutionevenmakingthesituationworse.Sowemusttrytofindoutnewwaystocopewithit.

3．利弊说明型：

模板5：

Nowadays,itiscommontosee_____________________.Manypeoplelike_____________________because_____________________.Besides,_____________________.//However,AAA,justlikeanythingelse,hasitsnegativesideaswell.Ithasalsogivenrisetoaseriesofproblems.Forexample,_____________________.Theworstofall,_____________________,forthereasonthat_____________________.//Therefore,inmyopinion,_____________________.Butatthesametime,_____________________.Theresultdependsonthebalancebetweentheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.

模板6：

EverythinghasitstwosidesandAAAisnotanexception.Ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.//Therearemanyadvantagesforpeopleto_____________________.Forinstance,ithelpsusto_____________________;itenablesusto_____________________.//Ofcourse,thedisadvantagescannotbeignored.Asiswellknown,_____________________.//Personally,Ithink_____________________.

4．主题阐述型：

模板7：

ThereisanoldsayingAAA.It’stheexperienceofourforefathers,however,itiscorrectinmanycaseseventoday.//Usually,_____________________.Butitisn’talwaysthecase._____________________.Inshort,AAA.//Assumethat_____________________.Theresultisthat_____________________.//Onthecontrary,_____________________.Consequent,_____________________.//whateveryoudo,pleaserememberthesaying---AAA.Ifyouunderstanditandapplyittoyourstudyorwork,you’llnecessarilybenefitalotfromit.

模板8：

Withscienceandtechnologyhighlydevelopedandpeople’slivingstandardgreatlyimproved,AAAhascomeintoourlife.//ThepopularityofAAAcanbeaccountedbyitsutility.Foronething,itcan_____________________.Foranotherthing,itcanhelp_____________________.//Withitsuses,thereisnodoubtthat_____________________.

5．图表说明型：

模板9：

Thegraphshowsus_____________________.//Somereasonscanexplainthistrend.First,_____________________.Second,_____________________.Third,_____________________.//Ifwecannottakeeffectivemeasure,wemaynotcontrolthistrend,andundesiredresultmaycomeoutunexpectedly.Sowhatweshoulddois___________________.

模板10：

Accordingtothetwographspresented,itcanbeobservedthat_____________________.Intheleftgraph,_____________________.Atthesametime,_____________________astherightgraphshows.//Asfarasweknow,AAAiscloselyrelatedtoBBB._____________________.//TherelationshipbetweenAAAandBBBcanalsobeobservedinthetwograph._____________________.//Forthesakeof,__________________.

6．综合型：

模板11：

WeallknowtheimportanceofthemasteryofAAA.AAAcanmakeyou_____________________.Itcanalsohelpyou_____________________.//TherearemanywaystomasterAAA,andthefollowingaretheveryimportantones.First,_____________________.Second,_____________________.Mostimportantofall,_____________________.//However,itisstilldifficultforustoachieveouraim.Weshouldhavepersistencetoovercomeanydifficulties,becausethemasteryofAAAis_____________________.

III.常用的“启、承、转、合”表达方法

1．“启”。

用于引导主题句，或用于主题句之后，引导第一个扩展句。

包括：

First,Firstly,Firstofall,Atfirst,Inthefirstplace,Inthebeginning,Tobeginwith,Tostartwith,Now,Atpresent,recently,lately,Ingeneral,generallyspeaking,Foronething（foranother）,Ontheonehand（ontheotherhand）

2．“承”。

用于承接主题句或前一个扩展句。

包括：

second,secondly,third,also/too,besidethis,inaddition（to）,furthermore,moreover,whatismore,forexample/instance,asanexample,asanotherexample;namely,then,ofcourse,inotherwords,inparticular,inthesameway,afterthat,afterwards,afterafewdays,afterawhile,fromnowon,later,justas,similarly,meanwhile,atthesametime,bythistime,soon,consequently,forthispurpose

3．“转”。

用于表示不同或相反的情况。

包括：

afterall,but,yet,however,nevertheless,though,although,despite,inspiteof,onthecontrary,unlike,ontheotherhand,allthesame,unfortunately,still,infact,asamatteroffact

4．“合”。

用于小结上文的内容，引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结束。

包括：

Ashasbeennoted;Inconclusion;Inshort;Insummary;Therefore;Thus;Tosumup;Toconclude;Tosummarize;Briefly;Aboveall;Asaresult;Forthisreason;asIhavesaid;atlast;atlength;eventually;accordingly;indeed;surely;nodoubt;truly;so;obviously;certainly.

IV.常用句型

a.）提出观点

1.Advocatesof…proclaimthat…

2.Somepeoplethinkthat…Tobefrank,Icannotagreewiththeiropinionforthereasonbelow.

3.Oneofthegreatwritersoncesaidthat…Nowitstillhasarealisticsignificance.

4.Oneofthegreatmenonceremarkedthat…Nowmoreandmorepeoplesharethisbelief.

5.Foryears,…hasbeenseenas….Butthingsarequitedifferentnow.

6.Now,itiscommonlybelievedthat….Suchpeoplethink….ButIwonderwhether…

7.Despitetheargumentsabove,Iprefer…to…

8.Ibelievethatthetitlestatementisvalidbecause…

9.IagreewiththeabovestatementbecauseIbelievethat…

10.ConsequentlyIhavetoagreethat…

11.Ifindthestatementof…tobetoonarrow.

12.Formypart,Iamagainst/（infavorof）…

13.Asfaras…areconcerned,however,Iprefer…

14.YetIamoneofthemanypeoplewhofeelthat…

15.Generally,Ipreferto…

16.Icannotentirelyagreewiththeideathat….Ibelieve…

17.Whenitcomesto…,mostpeoplebelievethat…,butotherpeopleregard…as…

18.Noviewismoredangerousnowthantheonethat…（which）isgenerallyheldby…

19.Nobeliefissoundesirableastheonethat…（which）iscommonlyheldby…

20.Untilrecently,…wasregardedas…Butpeoplearetakingafreshlookatit.

21.Ifeelthatthesaying/proverbneatlyjustifiesthedecisionto….

22.When…,we,moreoftenthannot,preferto…

23.Inthediscussion,manypeoplesuggestthat…ButIarguethat…

24.ButwhatevertheadvantagesofA,IlikeB.

25.Somesay…Butotherstakeanegativeattitude.Inmyopinion,Iarguethat…

26.Myargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.

b.）阐述观点

1.Yetthereisaflawintheargumentthat…

2.Wemustfacetheessentialfactthat…

3.Noonecandenythefactthat…

4.Therearemanyreasonsfor…Foronething…Foranother…

5.Studiesshowthat…

6.Onethingisobvious…

7.Ifollowtheideathat…

8.Butactually,thisisnotthecase.

9.Itmustberealizedthat…

10.Itistruethatbycomparison…,but…

11.Anothercontributingfactorof…is…

12.Whyare…?

Foronething….Foranother…Perhapstheprimaryreasonis…

13.…ismainlyresponsiblefortherisein…

14.Whatthesepeoplefailtounderstandisthat…

15.Itistruethat…,butitdoes（necessarily）notfollowthat…

16.Theproblemisthat…

17.Ontheotherhand,Iappreciatethat…

18.Thereisalwaysadangerthat…,

19.TheadvantagesofBaremuchgreaterthanthoseofA.

20.Anotherfactoristhat…

21.Mycontention,however,isthat…

22.Thedilemmaiswhetheritisbetterto…

23.Whenfacedwith…,wefindcomfortintheideathat…

24.Thereisnoevidencetosu