西安交通大学英语试题.docx

西安交通大学英语试题.docx

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西安交通大学英语试题

新视野英语〔二〕练习题A

Ⅰ.Vocabulary

1.AtthedinnerpartylastnightChristinefeltgreatly_____becausehermotherkepttalkingtooproudlyofheracplishmentsatschool.

A.humiliatedB.disappointedC.ashamedD.embarrassed

2.OurtriptoBeijing_____withthevisitofmycousinLucy’sfamily.SowehadagreatreunionatthefootoftheGreatWall.

A.cooperatedB.coincidedC.consistedD.confronted

3.Beforehestartedwork,Iaskedthebuildertogivemean_____ofthecostofrepairingtheroof.

A.assessmentB.announcementC.estimateD.evaluation

4.Thenewtouristhotelwillhave_____formorethanonethousandpeople.

A.convenienceB.capacityC.capabilityD.acmodations

5.Heisa（n）_______youngarchitectwhohaswoninternationalfame.

A.nastyB.exceptionalC.inpetentD.hopeless

6.Heran______twicefromhisboardingschoolbecausehecouldn’tputupwithbeinglimitedinaninstitution.

A.inB.overC.awayD.down

7.Jeanfeltunabletocope_____drivinginheavytrafficafterheraccident.

A.upB.atC.ofD.with

8.Tobefinanciallywell______,youneedtoworkhardandsparenoeffortstodevelopyourcareerwhenyoung.

A.awayB.offC.upD.out

9.Thesoldiersshowedgreatjoyandsatisfactionafterwinningthefinaltriumph______theirenemies.

A.overB.outC.fromD.of

10.Itwasonthisdaythathemet_____anaccidentthatwastoshapetherestofhislife.

A.withB.toC.atD.in

11.Igotalittle________whenIlearnedthattheappointmentwiththegeneralmanagerwaschangedtoanothertime.

A.concernedB.distractedC.upsetD.awful

12.Thebookofferssomeadviceabouthowtomakeagood________atjobinterviews.

A.attitudeB.appearanceC.effectD.impression

13.Itisverydifficultforthetimebeingto________howmuchmoneyisneeded.

A.accountB.assumeC.rangesD.estimate

14.Theteacherpraisedandrewardedthegood________ofhisstudentsinclass.

A.statusB.behaviorC.functionD.signal

15.Wemust________ourattentiononthequestionofreducingourcost.

A.payB.focusC.absorbD.promote

16.Theywillfighttotheend;theywillnever______.

A.surviveB.surrenderC.renderD.succeed

17.Ourpanydecidedto______thecontractbecauseanumberoftheconditionsinithadnotbeenmet.

A.cancelB.resistC.assumeD.destroy

18.Hewas______ofhavingaskedsuchasillyquestion.

A.sorryB.guiltyC.ashamedD.miserable

19.Iwouldbe_____ifyouwouldmailthispackageforme.

A.carefulB.gratefulC.thoughtfulD.respectful

20.Muchofthenewsprovidedbythisnewspaperis_______,notforeign.

A.domesticB.strainC.purchaseD.murder

Ⅱ.Readingprehension

Passage1

Economicliberalismwastheprevailingeconomicphilosophyinmuchofthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies,andtheU.S.economydevelopedwithinitsframework.Economicliberalismpromotedfreedomofactionfortheindividualandthefirmthroughthedoctrinesoffreetrade,self-interest,privateproperty,laissez-faire,andpetition.

Accordingtohisphilosophy,individualswerefreetoseektheirownoccupations,toenteranybusiness,andtoactastheysawfittoimprovetheireconomicwelfare.Economicsocietywasheldtogetherbyself-interest.Self-interestwasthusthemotivationforceoftheeconomy.Forexample,toincreasepersonaleconomicwelfare,anindividualmightdecidetoproducegoodsandsellthemforprofit.Butinsodoing,thatindividualautomaticallybenefitedthemunityaswell—bypurchasingrawmaterials,providingemployment,andsupplyinggoodsorservices.Aworkerseekingtoincreasehiorherwagescoulddosobyincreasingproductivity.This,too,benefitedtheemployerandthemunityingeneral.AccordingtoAdamSmith,theindividual,inseekingpersonalgain,wasledthemforprofit.Butinsodoing,thatindividualautomaticallybenefitedthemunityaswell—bypurchasingrawmaterials,providingemployment,andsupplyinggoodsorservices.Aworkerseekingtoincreasehiorherwagescoulddosobyincreasingproductivity.This,too,benefitedtheemployerandthemunityingeneral.AccordingtoAdamSmith,theindividual,inseekingpersonalgain,wasledthemforprofit.Butinsodoing,thatindividualautomaticallybenefitedthemunityaswell—bypurchasingrawmaterials,providingemployment,andsupplyinggoodsorservices.Aworkerseekingtoincreasehiorherwagescoulddosobyincreasingproductivity.This,too,benefitedtheemployerandthemunityingeneral.AccordingtoAdamSmith,theindividual,inseekingpersonalgain,wasledbyaninvisiblehandtopromotethewelfareofthewholemunity.

petitionwastheregulatoroftheeconomyundereconomicliberalism.Businesspetedwithoneanotherforconsumertradebydevelopingnewandbetterproductsandbysellingexistingproductsatlowerprices.Freeentryintothemarketensuredadequatepetition,andpricesweredeterminedbythefreeforcesofsupplyanddemand.petitiveforcedeterminednotonlythepricesofgoodsandservicesbutalsowagerates.

Sinceabeneficialself-interestwasthemotivatinganddrivingforceoftheeconomyandsincepetitionwastoserveastheregulatoroftheeconomy,apolicyoflaissez-faireprevailed.Accordingtothispolicy,thegovernmentkeptitshandsofftheeconomicactivitiesofindividualsandbusinesses.Itseconomicrolewasstrictlytoprotectprivateproperty,toenforcecontracts,andtoactasajudgeineconomicdisputes.

21.Concerning"economicliberalism〞,whichofthefollowingistrue"

AItwasaninfluentialphilosophyinthe19thand20thcenturies.

BThedevelopmentoftheU.S.asanationowesmuchtothisphilosophy.

CItisaboutthefreedomofactioninthefieldofeconomics.

DItisaboutthedoctrinesofprivate-0sectorofeconomy.

22.Accordingtothepassage,peopleexchangegoodsandservicesinorderto______.

Asatisfytheneedsofotherpeople.Bsatisfytheirownneeds

CformasocietyDpromotedivisionoflabor

23.WhichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationforAdamSmith’theory"

AIndividualsarekeenontheirowninterest.

BIntheirsubconsciousness,peoplewishtoservethemunity.

CInpursuingtheirself-interest,individualsbringbenefitstosociety.

DTheIndividuals’economicbehaviorisregulatedbysomeinvisiblebeing.

24.petitiveforceshavethefollowingfunctionsexcept______.

Aforcingthebusinessestodevelopnewandbetterproducts

Bgivingeveryindividualafairchanceforabetterjob

Ctohelpdeterminethepricesofgoodsandservices

Dtohelpregulatethewagesofpeopleemployed

25.Accordingtothepolicyoflaissez-faire,thegovernmentshould______.

AfrequencyintervenethemarketBstrictlyregulatethemarket

CgivethemarketmuchfreedomDintervenethemarketonlywhenitlikes

Passage2

Changesinthenaturalrateofunemploymentcaneasilybemistakenforcyclicalemployment.Forthisreasonitisimportanttounderstandtheforcesinfluencingthenaturalrateofunemploymentinaneconomy.

Youngerworkersaremorelikelytoquittheirjobsthanolderworkers.Itsimplytakessometimeforthemtomatchskillswiththeiremployment.Soitisreasonabletoassumethattheyoungertheaverageageinthelaborforce,thehigherthenaturalrateofunemployment.

Increasedfluctuationinthepatternofdemandfordomesticgoodsincreasesstructuralunemploymentand,inturn,contributestoahighernaturalrteofunemployment.Anincreaseinenergypricesthatoccurredinthemid-1970sinU.S.affectedhiringinmanyindustries.IncreaseforeignpetitionalsohurttheU.S.automobileandsteelindustriesatthattime.

Rapidchangesintechnologydesignedtocutcostscanalsoresultingreaterjobseparation.Inanefforttopetemoreeffectivelywithforeignfirms,manyU.S.Firmshaveshiftedtonewtechnologythatrequiresfewerworkersperplantandresultsinslowerhiringofnewworkers.

Inrecentyearsthenumberofmarriedwomeninthelaborforcehasincreasesharply,thereforeincreasingtheumberoftwo-earnerfamilies.Theexistenceofasecondinepreventsinefromfallingtozerowhenoneofthespouses〔配偶〕quitsajobtosearchforabetterone.Also,thesecondineallowsalongerperiodtofindanewjobthanwouldotherwisebepossible.

Tendenciestomoveinandoutofthelaborforcecanalsoaffectthenaturalrateofunemployment.Workerswhofrequentlymoveinandoutoftheworkforcehaveahigherrateofjobseparationbecausetheyarelessexperiencedthanotherworkers.Asaresulttheyaremorelikelytoquitorbefiredfromajob.

26.Thenaturalrateofunemploymentishigheramongyoungerworkersbecause______.

Atheyhavetospendsometimelearningthenecessaryskills

Btheyoftenquittheirjobsforachange

Ctheydonottreattheirjobsseriously

Dtheyaretooyoungtodotheirjobswell

27.WhathappenedtotheAmericaneconomywhenthepricesofenergywentupintheU.S.inthemid-1970s"

AEmploymentinsomerelatedindustrieswasincreased.

BEmploymentinsomeotherindustrieswasincreased.

CEmploy7mentinsomerelatedindustrieswasreduces.

DTheU.S.automobileandsteelindustrieswerehurt.

28.Whydoadvancesintechnologyincreaseunemploymentaccordingtothefourthparagraph"

ABecausemanyworkersareforcefultoleavetheirjobsforfurthertraining.

BBecausesomeworkerswillquittheirjobsforeasierones.

CBecausenewworkerswillnotbehiredwithinalongperiodoftime.

DBecauseonlyasmallernumberofworkerswillbeneeded.

29