高考英语 阅读理解之推理判断类解题技巧及典例剖析和专项练习.docx

高考英语 阅读理解之推理判断类解题技巧及典例剖析和专项练习.docx

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高考英语阅读理解之推理判断类解题技巧及典例剖析和专项练习

阅读理解之推理判断类--解题技巧及典例剖析

【考点清单】

一、推理判断类题目常见的设问方式

1.Itcanbeinferred/concluded/seenfromthepassagethat________.

2.Whichofthefollowingconclusionscanwedrawaccordingtothepassage?

3.Inwhichofthefollowingpublications（出版物）wouldthispassagemostlikelybeprinted?

4.Thepassageimplies,butdoesn'tdirectlystatethat_________.

5.Thewritersuggeststhat_________.

6.Theauthorprobablyfeelsthat_________.

7.Theauthorusestheexampleof...toshowthat_________.

8.What'stheauthor'sattitudetoward...?

【解题流程】

要做好推理判断题，需要充分阅读理解文章、分析语篇特征、寻找解题依据。

考生应该在领会全文的基础上做出正确的推理和判断。

第一步依据题干和选项及“顺序原则”确定信息源

推理判断题应该首先按照题干要求的范围进行解题，如果题目中没有提到具体的段落，那么通过“顺序原则”找到区域范围。

如果这种情况下还是不能找到信息源，就必须考虑按照题干和四个选项的信息词从全文各个角落寻找答案。

第二步比对原文和选项进行推理甄选

要注意推理的基础是原文内容，而不是自己的经验和主观判断，不可凭借自己的主观意愿腹断。

有的题目的推理即为原文具体层面的“同义归纳”。

所涉及的逻辑关系都是最简单的逻辑判断，一步即可推得，考生千万不能人为地把问题复杂化，推理很多步，反而得出错误的答案。

【推理须知】

1.直接陈述文章内容的选项不能选，要选择根据文章推理出来的选项。

2.推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知，因此正确选项一定能在文中找到依据或理由。

3.不能以自己的观点代替作者的想法，因此脱离原文的主观意断都是错误的。

1.隐含推断题——“逻辑关联”得结论

1.锁定题干中infer,conclude,suggest,imply,indicate,assume等词眼，明确答题方向

2.浏览四个选项，首先排除与原文信息一样的选项

隐含推断题

3.立足原文，结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行合乎逻辑的推断

典例（2016·全国Ⅱ，D片段）

Badnewssells.Ifitbleeds,itleads.Nonewsisgoodnews,andgoodnewsisnonews.Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers.Butnowthatin-formationisbeingspreadandmonitored（监控）indifferentways,researchersarediscoveringnewrules.Bytrackingpeople'se-mailsandonlineposts,scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories.

"The'ifitbleeds'ruleworksformassmedia,"saysJo-nahBerger,ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner."

Q:

WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner?

A.They'resociallyinactive.

B.They'regoodattellingstories.

C.They'reinconsiderateofothers.

D.They'recarefulwiththeirwords.

【解题思路】

第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出进行推理判断的关键词

1.Theywantyoureyeballsanddon'tcarehowyou'refeeling.

2.Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends,youcarealotmorehowtheyreact.

3.Youdon'twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner.

第二步根据该题选项的特点将找到的信息改编成选项C

答案：

inconsiderateofothers/thoughtlessofothers

2.文章出处题——“专用词汇”做判断

典例（2014·安徽，A）

PersonalRobotMakeyourparentsandteachershappy!

Areyouhavingproblemsfinishingyourhomeworkontime?

Doyouavoidtidyingyourroomuntilyourmomshoutsatyou?

Youdon'tneedtoworryifyoubuyaMr.HelpingHandperson-alrobot.Mr.Hcanbeprogrammedtoorganizeyourhomework.Yourownpersonalrobotwillfollowyouaround,puttingawaybooksandobjectsthatyouhaveleftonthefloororbed.

Mr.Halsohasthesefeatures（特点）:

weighsonly500grams

includeslong-lastingbatteries

comeswitha5-yearguarantee

rememberssimpleinstructions

Originally（最初）soldfor$499

NOWONLY$299

WATCHCONTROL

ThisisawatchthatJamesBondwouldbeproudtowear!

ThisisNOTawatchforordinarypeople!

YourelectronicPENGOWATCHCONTROLactsasaremotecontrolforTVsandvideos.

givesyouadailyweatherforecast.remindsyouwhentohandinyourhomework.

setsoffasilentwarningalarmwhenparentsorteachersarenear.Besides,yourPENGOWATCHCONTROLwillalwaystellyouthetimeaccurately!

Originallysoldfor$199

NOWONLY$99

Forfurtherinformation,clickhere.

Q:

Wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetwotexts?

A.Onanoticeboard.

B.Inacompanybrochure.

C.Onateenagewebsite.

D.Inacollegenewspaper.

【解题思路】

第一步速读文章，结合文章语言特色找出最能体现文章出处的专用词汇

1.BUYNOW

2.forfurtherinformation,clickhere.

第二步结合选项，试进行合理推断

答案，C

3.观点态度类——“言为心声”求衰贬

典例1（2016·四川，C片段）

ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffectsofaFrenchmanfromPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforest,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000livinginitscapital,Cayenne.

"IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears,"saysGin."I'vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idon'tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom."

Q:

WhatisGin'sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?

A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.

【解题思路】

第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出关键词

1haveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesePeople.

2Idon'tseeitasalawlessland.

3ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.

第二步结合文章主题，进行合理推断

答案：

D

典例2（2017·全国Ⅱ，C片段）

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle-namedtheTransition——hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

Around100peoplehavealreadyputdowna$10,000de-posittogetaTransitionwhentheygoonsale,andthosenumberswilllikelyriseafterTerrafugiaintroducestheTransitiontothepubliclaterthisweekattheNewYorkAutoShow.Butdon'texpectittoshowupintoomanydriveways.It'sexpectedtocosts279,000.Anditwon'thelpifyou'restuckintraffic.Thecarneedsarunway.

Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.

ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovernmenthasalreadyper-mittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.

Q:

Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcare

A.Cautious.B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.

【解题思路】

第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，并标出关键词

Thegovernmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.

第二步结合文章主题，进行合理推断

答案：

B

1.写作意图类——“体裁主旨”寻意图

写作意图

（2017·全国Ⅱ，A片段）

SupportPacificScienceCenter

Since1962,PacificScienceCenterhasbeeninspiringapassion（热情）fordiscoveryandlifelonglearninginscience,mathandtechnology.Today,PacificScienceCenterservesmorethan1.3millionpeopleayearandbringsinquiry-basedscienceeducationtoclassroomsandcommunityeventsalloverWashingtonState.It'sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.Visitpacificscience-center,orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.

Q:

Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?

A.Toencouragedonations.

B.Toadvertisecomingevents.

C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.

D.TotellabouttheCenter'shistory.

【解题思路】

第一步速读文章，找出相关信息句，标出关键词

①wecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.

②Visitpacificsciencecenter,orgtofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.

第二步与选项进行对比得出答案

答案：

A

[干扰项分析]

该部分的写作目的是鼓励人们以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心，也就是鼓励人们捐款，故选A项。

B、C两项无中生有，该部分没有提到“宣传即将举行的活动”和“介绍特殊的展览”。

D项曲解文意，该部分提到了自1962年以来太平洋科学中心做的事情，但这不是为了讲述该中心的历史，而是为下文鼓励人们捐款作铺垫。

5.篇章结构类——“写作思路”辨结构

典例（2015.·湖北，E片段）

Onthewhole,Brooks'sstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,forinstance,thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.

WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks'sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.

Q:

Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?

A.Problemswiththebook.

B.Brooks'slifeexperiences.

C.Deathofthecharacters.

D.Brooks'stranslationskills.

【解题思路】

第一步找出相关信息句

WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks'sat-tempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.

第二步结合文体特点，进行合理推断

根据第五句可知，这本书中存在很多严重的问题，有些问题是Brooks企图用科学去解释他所写的故事。

由此可推断出，接下来文章可能要讲到这本书中存在的一些问题，A项符合文章内容。

答案：

A

推理判断类专项练习

【分类真题】

（2019年全国卷二.B）

"Youcanusemeasalastresort（选择）,andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit."ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.

Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,"Alright.Yes,I’lldoit."

I’msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparentendsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedto