高二英语下学期联考试题.docx
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高二英语下学期联考试题
2019-2020年高二英语下学期6月联考试题
第一部分:
听力(共两节,满分30分)
第二部分:
阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Lifeinspacewillcertainlytakesomegettingusedto!
Butthespacestationhasbeendesigned tokeeptheastronautsasfortableaspossible—themodules(舱)areroomy,bright,andkeptataconstant21°C.It’simportantthecrewmembersarefortablebecausethey’llbebusyaboardthestation.Inatypicalworkday,crewmemberswillspend14hoursworkingandexercising,1.5hourspreparingandeatingmeals,and8.5hourssleeping.Herearesomeotherfunfactsaboutlifeaboardthestation:
Food
emealtime,astronautswillhaveaspecialdiningkitchen.Spacefoodjustkeepsgettingbetter—andmorelikefoodweenjoyhereonEarth.Inearlyspacemissions,astronautscouldeatonlyfreeze-driedfoodthatdidn’trequireanypreparation.Butthespacestationisequippedwithwater,microwaveovens,andrefrigerators,allowingthefolksonboardtoeatmore“normal”typesoffood,includingfruit,vegetables,andicecream!
Sleep
Eachcrewmemberhasaprivateroom.Withnogravity,they’llneedtotiethemselvestotheirbeds,ortheywillfloataway!
Thatmightsoundlikeastrangewaytosleep,butastronautsfrompastspacemissionsreportthatsleepinginspaceisactuallyprettygreat!
Exercise
Youmightnotthinkit,butexerciseisevenmoreimportantonthestationthanitisonEarth.Thereisnotmuchgravityinspace.Astronautsdon’tstandup,sitdownorwalkinspace,sotheirmusclesandbonesdon’thavetoworkmuch—andthismuscleandbonelosscanbedangerousbackonEarth.Tofightthis,astronautsonthestationwillexerciseonbikes,rowingmachines,andotherequipmentabouttwohourseveryday.
Clothing
AstronautswillhavetowearspecialspacesuitswhiletravelingaboardtheU.S.shuttleorRussianrockets.Butoncethey’resafeinsidethespacestation,crewmemberscanwearregularclothing.Ofcourse,aspeciallydesignedpressurizedspacesuitisrequiredforspacewalks.Ithastobearflyingpiecesandprotecttheastronautsfromdramatictemperaturechanges.Itcanrangefrom-84°Cintheshadowofthestationto121°Cinthehotsun.
PersonalCleanliness
Simpletaskslikebrushingyourteethcanbechallenginginaweightlessenvironment.Alittlewaterdoesn’tflowinastream.Astronautswilluseafreshwaterhose(软管)totakeshowers,shampoo,andwashoff—thenasecondvacuumhosetosuction(吸)offthedirtywater.Andhowdoyougotothebathroominspace?
Withaspecial“airtoilet”thatusesflowingairinsteadofwatertogetridofwaste.
21.Thetextismainlyabout___________
A.waystogetusedtolifeinspace
B.funfactsaboutlifeinspace
C.temperaturechangesinspace
D.atypicalworkdayinspace
22.Whatdoweknowaboutspacefoodfromthetext?
A.Astronautscouldeatapplesinspaceinthepast
B.Astronautseatonlyfruit,vegetablesandicecreamnow.
C.Spacefoodisgettingbetternowthanbefore.
D.Freshfoodisn’tavailabletoastronautsinspace.
23.WhyisexercisemoreimportantinspacethanonEarth?
A.Becauseitcanmakeastronautsfeelrelaxedinspace.
B.Becauseitcanhelpastronautsspendtheirsparetimehappily.
C.Becauseastronauts’livesaremoreimportantinspacethanonEarth.
D.Becauseitcanpreventastronautsfromcausingmuscleandboneloss.
24.Whatcanbelearnedfromtheparagraph“Clothing”?
A.Thetemperatureisquitedifferentindifferentplacesinspace.
B.Astronautswearpressurizedspacesuitsjusttokeepwarm.
C.Astronautsmustwearspecialspacesuitsallthetimeinspace.
D.Astronautscanwearregularclothingforspacewalksnow.
B
It's3o'clockandyou'vebeenhardatwork.Asyousitatyourdesk,astrongdesireforchocolateoveresyou.Youtrytobusyyourselftomakeitgoaway.Butitdoesn't.Hereisanothersituation.Perhapsyouarenotfeelingwell.Theonlythingyouwanttoeatisabigbowlofchickensoup,likeyourmomusedtomakewhenyouweresickasachild.Foodcravingsareastrongdesireforaspecifictypeoffood.Andtheyarenormal.
ScientistsatthewebsiteHowStuffWorksparehungerandcravingsthisway.Hungerisafairlysimpleconnectionbetweenthestomachandthebrain.Theyevencallitsimply“stomachhunger.”Whenourstomachsburnupallofthefoodwehaveeaten,ahormone(荷尔蒙)sendsamessagetoonepartofthebrainformorefood,whichregulatesourmostbasicbodyfunctionssuchasthirst,hungerandsleep.Thebrainthenproducesachemicaltostarttheappetiteandyoueat.Hungerisafunctionofsurvival.
Acravingismoreplex.Itactivates(使活跃)brainareasrelatedtoemotion,memoryandreward.Thesearethesameareasofthebrainactivatedduringdrug-cravingstudies.Becauseofthis,somescientistscallfoodcravings“mindhunger.”Peopleoftencravefoodsthatarehighinfatandsugar.Foodsthatarehighinfatorhighinsugarproducechemicalsinthebrain.Thesechemicalsgiveusfeelingsofpleasure.
Inaxxstudy,researchersatCambridgeUniversityfoundthat“dietingorrestrictedeatinggenerallyincreasesthepossibilityoffoodcraving.”So,themoreyoudenyyourselfafoodthatyouwant,themoreyoumaycraveit.However,fastingisabitdifferent.Theyfoundthateatingnofoodatallforashortperiodoftimelessenedfoodcravings.
So,thenexttimeyoucravesomethingveryspecial,knowthatyourbrainmaybemoretoblamethanyourstomach.
25.Theauthordescribestwosituationsinthefirstparagraphto_______.
A. remindreadersoftheirownspecialfood.
B. deepentheunderstandingofhunger.
C. reportthediscoveryofcravingstudy.
D.introducethetopicofthewholepassage.
26.Whatdowelearnaboutfoodcraving?
A. Itshowsfoodislinkedtofeelings.
B. Itensuresapersonsurviveshunger.
C. Itmeansthestomachfunctionswell.
D. Itprovesthebraindecidesyourappetite.
27.What'sthelikelyresultofdieting?
A. Thedecreaseofchemicals. B. Theincreaseoffooddesire.
C. Therefusaloffatandsugar. D. Thedisappearanceofappetite.
28.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanyouseethispassage?
A. Education B. Entertainment
C. Science D. Economy
C
NASAmightbefamousforsendingrocketsuptospacequickly.Butitwillbemorefamousformakingyournextholidayemorequickly.
Thespaceagencyisworkingonanewplane,whichcouldsolvetheproblemsofsupersonic(超音速的)flightandvastlyincreasethespeedofjourneysabroad.Ifsuccessful,theplanewouldbeabletoflybetweenNewYorkandLondoninjustthreehours.Anditwouldreducethetimespentflyingotherjourneysbyahalf,sinceitcouldbeusedmorebroadly.Untilnow,theproblemwithsuchplaneshasbeenthesonicboom(声爆),madefamousbytheoriginalConcorde(协和客机).Thathappenswhenaplanereachessupersonicspeeds.
Itisathunderousnoisethatupsetspeopleontheground—disturbinganimalsandevencausingphysicalproblemstomaterialsandhousesunderneath.ItwasthateffectthatledCongresstobansuchplanesfrombeingusedovertheUSland,adecisionthatinturnwasresponsibleforConcorde'sfailingtobemerciallyused.
Inviewoftheproblem,thespaceagencyhasdevelopedanewtechnologyandtrieditoutinwindtunnels,andnowbelievesthatitcouldbeputtomercialuse.Thatplanewillflyashighas55,000feet—farhigherthannormalplanes—andmakeasoundofonly60decibels.That'sfarlessthan90decibelsthrownoutbynormalplanes,andisroughlyinlinewithacaronthemotorwayorabusyrestaurant.
“Aslongaswecangetendorsementfromthegeneralpublic,theplanewillprobablybesomethingthat'sacceptable,”saidPeterCoen,projectmanagerforNASA'smercialsupersonicresearchteam,inanewBloombergreport.“Ifwegetapproved,wewillhavethefull-sizedversionoftheplanetriedoutandtheplanewillbeputintouse.”
29.WhydoestheauthormentionConcorde?
A. TosuggesttherapiddevelopmentofplanesintheUSA.
B. Tomakeusknowthenegativeeffectofthesonicboomsbetter.
C. Tointroducehowamercialplaneisdesigned.
D. ToshowusthatConcordefinallyfailedtobemerciallyused.
30.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?
A. Thebasicdataofthenewplane.
B. Theworkingprincipleofthenewplane.
C. Theproblemsofthenewplane.
D. Thepotentialmarketofthenewplane.
31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“endorsement”inparagraph5mean?
A. response B. mitment
C. investment D. agreement
32.Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?
A. BecausehewantstoinformpeopleofNASA'snewplane.
B. Becausehewantstoprovethedisadvantagesofsupersonicflight.
C. Becausehewantstoexplainwhyspeedmattersinsupersonicflight.
D. Becausehewantstoclarifysomemisunderstandingsaboutmercialplanes.
D
Ofallnaturaldisasters,forestfiresareoftenconsideredthemostfrightening.Movingatlightningspeed,hugewallsofflamescanburnacresoflandinjustafewminutes.Andalthoughtechnology,includingtheuseoffire-retardantchemicals,hasgreatlyhelpedthefightagainstforestfires,theystilldogreatdamage.
AccordingtotheNationalInteragencyFireCenter,thefireseasonlastyearwastheworstonrecordintermsofthenumberoffiresandacresburned.Therewere96.385firesand9.873429acresaffectedbyfireinayearthatwas125%moredestructivethanthe10-yearaverage.Thesefirescostthefederalgovernment$1.5billiontofight,andthisfiguredoesnotincludethemoneyspentbylocalandstategovernmentsaspartoftheeffort.
Firesint