大学英语四级考试题及答案一.docx

大学英语四级考试题及答案一.docx

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大学英语四级考试题及答案一

大学英语四级考试题及答案一

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公共外语教研部 浏览数：

1011 录入时间：

2012-5-2814:

47:

17  双击鼠标自动滚屏

PartⅠ Writing（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledWhatelectivestochoose.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:

1、各大学开设了各种各样的选修课

2、学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课

3、以你自己为例……

Whatelectivestochoose

PartⅡReadingcomprehension（Skimmingandscanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

UniversitiesBranchOut

Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantages.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.

Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:

seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative（合作的）researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.

Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.

Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships（实习）abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunityandprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.

Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctors,andfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaword-classscientistandhisU.S.team.

Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheinternetinfrastructure（基础设施）andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:

SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofhismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.

Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearchuniversitymodel.Mostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnational

economicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationssincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.

Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericansuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.

MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportanteffects:

first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand--likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory---strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished（珍视）valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent–dayuniversitieshavebecome

A.moreandmoreresearch-orientedC.morepopularizedthaneverbefore

B.in-servicetrainingorganizationsD.apowerfulforceforglobalintegration

2.Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased

A.by2.5millionC.atanannualrateof3.9percent

B.by800,000D.atanannualrateof8percent

3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?

A.10%B.20%C.30%D.38%

4.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?

A.Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy

B.Theyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpolitics

C.TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogram

D.Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship

5.Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationis

A.Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch

B.Yale’shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojects

C.Yale’sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutions

D.Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld

6.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?

A.IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard

B.ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompany

C.ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity

D.ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup

7.WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?

A.Ithasincreasedby3percentC.Ithasbeenmorethansufficient

B.IthasbeenunsteadyforyearsD.Itdoubledbetween1998and2003

8.ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.SafterSeptember11wascausedby_________.

9.ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill__________.

10.ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayand__________.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Direction:

Inhissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillapause.

11.A）Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.B）Shewaspopularamongboys.

C）ShewassomewhatoverweightD）Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.

12.A）Attheairport.B）Inarestauran