特波兰石灰石水泥和混凝土的性能分析材料科学与工程外文资料翻译大学论文.docx

特波兰石灰石水泥和混凝土的性能分析材料科学与工程外文资料翻译大学论文.docx

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特波兰石灰石水泥和混凝土的性能分析材料科学与工程外文资料翻译大学论文

毕业论文外文资料翻译

题目波特兰石灰石水泥和混凝土的

性能分析

学院材料科学与工程

专业材料科学与工程

班级XXXXXX

学生xx

学号xxXXXXXX

指导教师XXXX

二零一三年四月二十日

Cement&ConcreteComposites24（2002）371–378

AnanalysisofthepropertiesofPortlandlimestone

cementsandconcrete

S.Tsivilisa,*,E.Chaniotakisb,G.Kakalia,G.Batisa

aChemicalEngineeringDepartment,NationalTechnicalUniversityofAthens,9HeroonPolytechniouSt.,15773Athens,Greece

bDepartmentofResearchandDevelopment,TitanCementCompanyS.A.,KamariPlantViotias,P.O.Box18,19200Elefsis,Greece

Abstract

InthispaperthemainfactorsafectingthepropertiesofPortlandlimestonecementsarediscussedwhilethehydrationbehavioroflimestonecementsisexamined.Inaddition,theintergrindingprocess,concerningtheproductionofthelimestonecements,isstudied.Finallythepropertiesandthebehavioroflimestonecementconcreteaswellasthecorrosionbehavioroflimestonecementmortarareinvestigated.Itisconcludedthatthefinenessofclinkerandlimestoneisstronglyconnectedwiththelimestonecontentandthefinenessofthecement.Thelimestonecementsindicatesatisfactorystrengthandgenerallydemandlesswaterthantherelativepurecements.Thelimestoneadditionimprovestheclinkerreactivityandtheexploitationofitshydraulicpotential.ThePortlandlimestonecementsindicatecompetitiveconcretepropertiesandimprovethecorrosionperformanceoftheconcrete.2002ElsevierScienceLtd.Allrightsreserved.

Keywords:

Portlandlimestonecement;Intergrinding;Cementproperties;Hydration;Concreteproperties;Corrosion

1.Introduction

TheuseofPortlandlimestonecementsseemstohavemanybenefits,bothtechnicalandeconmical[1-3].Inaddition,theEuropeanStandardEN197-1identifiestwotypesofPortlandlimestonecementcontaining6-20%limestone（typeII/A-L）and21-35%limestone（typeII/B-L）,respectively[4].ItisexpectedthatthefutureworldproductionofPortlandlimestonecementwillbecontinuouslyincreased.Thewideuseoflimestonecementrequiresathoroughknowledgeofthecementandconcreteproperties.

Asfarasthecementisconcerned,theresearchworkisfocusedonthreeareas.Thefirstoneistheefectoflimestoneonthecementperformance[3,5-8].Thesecondonedealswiththeparticipationoflimestoneinthehydrationreactionsofclinker[9-19],whilethethirdonewiththeproductionprocessandspecificallytheintergrindingofclinkerandlimestone[5,20-22].Althoughthereisadisagreementinmanypartialtopics,theknowledgelevelissatisfactoryandcontinuouslyextended.

Asfarasthelimestonecementconcreteisconcerned,thefewavailablereferencesarefocusedontwoareas.Thefirstoneistheefectoflimestoneontheconcretepropertiesandbehavior[23-29].Thesecondonedealswiththe''thaumasiteproblem'',correlatedwiththeuseoflimestonecementconcreteandcalcareousaggregates.RecentresearchworkshowsthatPortlandlimestonecementpastesaresusceptibletothethaumasiteforma-tion,duetosulfateattackat5℃,afteronlyafewmonthsexposuretosulfatesolutions[30-35].

InthispaperthemainfactorsafectingthepropertiesofPortlandlimestonecementsareevaluated,whilethehydrationbehaviorofthelimestonecementsisexamined.Inaddition,theintergrindingprocess,concerningtheproductionofthelimestonecements,isstudied.Finallythepropertiesandthebehavioroflimestonecementconcreteaswellasthecorrosionbehavioroflimestonecementmortarareinvestigated.Thisworkisapartofaproject,developedinourlaboratories,concerningthepropertiesoflimestonecementandconcrete.

2.Intergrindingofclinkerandlimestone

OrdinaryPortlandclinkerofindustrialoriginandlimestoneofhighcalcitecontent（CaCO3:

95.3%）wereused（Tables1and2）.Fourclinker/limestonemixtures,containing10%,20%,30%and40%limestone,respectively,weregroundtofourdiferentfinenesseachoneinapro-pilotplantballmill（16samplesCLi-jofTable3）.

Table1Chemicalandmineralogicalcompositionofclinker

Table2Chemicalcomposition（%）oflimestone

Table3Particlesizedistribution（passing%）ofclinker,limestoneandmixture

aCLi-j:

C:

clinker,L:

limestone,i:

limestonecontent（%）,j:

grindingtime（A¼35min,B¼50min,C¼65min,D¼85min）.

bCEM:

mixture（cement）.

cS:

specificsurface（Blaine）,n:

uniformityfactorofRRdistribution.

Inordertodeterminetheparticlesizedistributionofclinkerandlimestoneaftertheirintergrinding,asedimentationmethod（Andreasenapparatus）wasused.Asampleofeachmixturewaswelldispersedinabsoluteethylalcohol.Atpredefinedtimeintervalssampleswerewithdrawnusingapipet.Theselectedtimeintervalscorrespondtoparticlesizeslessthan32,16,8and4lm.Thealcoholwasremovedbydryingandthelimestonecontentwasdeterminedbymeasuringthelossofignition（LOI）at1000℃.Finally,theparticlesizedistributionofclinkerandlimestonewascomputed.

TheRosin-Rammlerdistributionwasusedforde-scribingtheparticlesizedistributionoftheintergroundsamples.ThevaluesoftheuniformityfactorðnÞhavebeencomputed（Table3）.Itisseenthattheincreaseofthelimestonecontent,aswellastheincreaseofthece-mentfineness,leadstowiderparticlesizedistribution.Theparticlesizedistributionoftheclinkerissignificantlydiferentthanthatofthemixture.Thelimestoneisconcentratedinthefinefractions（<8lm）,whiletheclinkerisconcentratedinthecoarserfractions.Fig.1presentslimestoneandclinkercontentsofthediferentsizefractions.Itisseenthatthelimestonecontentinthefractionwithsizelessthan4lmis24.8%andtheclinkercontentis75.2%.Itmustbenoticedthattheinitialsamplecontains20%limestoneand80%clinker.However,thesizefractiongreaterthan56lmcontainsonly12%limestone.

AccordingtodatagiveninTable3,theincreaseofthemixturefinenessinfluencestheclinkerfinenessbutnottoasignificantdegree.Inaddition,alimestonecontentover30%obstructsthegrindingofbothclinkerandreducedclinkerandlimestonefinenesses,comparedwiththosecontaining30%.

AlltheaboveresultsshowthattheparticlesizedistributionofthePortlandlimestonecements,aswellasthefinenessesofclinkerandlimestone,isstronglycon-nectedwiththelimestonecontentandthefinenessofthemixture.InordertoproduceaPortlandlimestonecementofdesiredproperties,thegrindingtohigherfine-ness（comparedwiththepurecements）istheeasyway,buttheproperoneistodefinetheoptimumfinenesslevel,takingintoaccountthelimestonecontentandthegrindingpropertiesofthecomponents.

3.PropertiesofPortlandlimestonecements

Portlandlimestonecementswereproducedbyinter-grindingofclinker（Table1）,limestone（Table2）andgypsuminapro-pilotplantballmillof5kgcapacity.Thecompositionandthepropertiesofthecementstes-tedaregiveninTable4.

Fig.2showstheinfluenceoflimestonecontentonthestrengthdevelopmentofCL-c-45.Itisobservedthattheadditionof10%limestonedoesnotsignificantlyalterthecompressivestrengthatanyageofsampleshavingfinenessupto3800cm2=g.Furtherincreaseofthecementfinenessleadstotheproductionoflimestonecementshavingcompressivestrengthlowerthanthepureones.Ingeneral,theinfluenceofthefinenessonthecompressivestrengthisstrongerforlimestoneadditionupto10%.

Table4alsopresentsthecementpastewaterdemand,thesettingtimeandtheexpansionofthetestedsamples.Thelimestonecements,despitetheirhigherfineness,generallydemandlesswaterthantherelativepurecements.Inlimestonecementscontaining10%limestone,thereisareductionofwaterdemandfrom26%to25%.Theincreaseofthelimestonecontentto20%and35%causesadecreaseofthewaterdemandto23.5-22.8%.Theefectoflimestoneonthepastewaterdemandofcementscanbeattributedtothediferentparticlesizedistributionsofthesamples.Limestonecementsdespitetheirhigherfinenesshavewiderparticlesizedistributions-lowervalueofuniformityfactor（n）oftheRosin-Rammlerdistribution-comparedwithPortlandcements（Table4）.Thisisduetotheintergrindingofaneasy-groundmaterialsuchaslimestonewiththeclinker.

Theinitialandfinalsettingtimesoflimestonecements（Table4）aresimilartothoseofthePortlandcements.Thesoundnessofthelimestonecements（Table4）issatisfactory.TheexpansionmeasuredaccordingtotheLeChatelierprocessvariesfrom0.5to1.5mmwhilethelimitaccordingtoEN197-1is10mm.

Fig.1.Limestone（L）andclinker（C）contentindifferentsizefractionsaftertheirintergrinding（mixturefineness:

3890cm2/g,limestonecontent:

20%）.

4.HydrationofPortlandlimestonecements

Limestonecementscontaining0%,10%,20%and35%w/wlimestonewereexamined（samplesC-45,CL10-45,CL-20-45andCL-35-45ofTable4）.ThepropertiesofthestudiedcementsaregiveninTable4.

Pasteswerepreparedbymixingsolidandcarbondioxide-freedistilledwaterinpolyethylenevialssubjectedtorotationfromtimetotime.Thewater-to-cementratiousedis0.3.Afterperiodsof1,2,7and28days,thesamplesweredriedinvacuumfor24handsubjectedtoX-raydifraction.Thermogravimetricanalysis（TGA）wasusedforthedeterminationofnon-evaporablewaterandcalciumhydroxidecontentindriedcementpastes,usingaTAInstrumentsThermalAnalyst3000.Thesamples（_50mg）wereheatedovertherange20-900℃ataconstantrateof15℃/mininanatmosphereofcarbondioxide-freenitrogen,flowingin90cm3/min.

Table