八年级英语下册知识点笔记.docx

八年级英语下册知识点笔记.docx

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八年级英语下册知识点笔记

八年级英语下册知识点笔记

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八年级英语下册知识点笔记

八年级英语下册知识点:

don’tyoutalktoyour

parents?

一.重要词汇和句型

1.get

（1）买getsth.forsb.==getsb.sth.

为某人买某物

Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?

==Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?

（）得到,到达Wheredidyougetthebook?

Whendidyougettheletter?

Hegothomelatelastnight.

（3）使,让get+宾语+宾补使某人\某物怎么样

Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.

getsb.todosth.使某人\某物做某事

IgothimtocallJimyesterday.

（4）（逐渐）变得„Theweathergetswarmeranddays

getlonger.

Whydidtheteachergetangry?

.howabout\whatabout后跟名词\代词\动词ing

形式。

（1）向对方提出建议或请求

Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?

Howaboutsomething

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toeat?

（2）向对方征求意见或看法

HowabouttheTVplay?

Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?

（）询问天气或身体情况

HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?

Howaboutyourparents?

Aretheylivingwithyou?

（）谈话中承接上下文

I’mfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?

I’mfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?

.receive收到Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.

receivealetterfrom==getaletterfrom==heardfrom收到某人的信

IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.

==IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.

==IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.

accept接受Hecouldn’tacceptoursuggestionsbut

ourgifts.

Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.

Hedidn’treceiveagoodeducationatuniversity.

Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butI

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refusedtoacceptit.

.a--year–oldchild一个六岁的孩子

--year–old是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,作前置定语,

修饰后面的名词child.

数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式:

afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩

asix-foot-deephole一个六英尺深的洞

atwo-meter-longruler一把两米长的尺子a100-meterrace一场百米赛跑

aten-story-highbuilding一栋十层高的楼房

atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本两英寸厚的词典

.too„to„太„„而不能„„

too后跟形容词或副词原形,to后跟动词原形,构成不定式.句子的主语与

动词不定的主语不一时,可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语forsb.

Heistooyoungtojointhearmy（军队）.

Themathsproblemistoodifficultformetowork

out.

表示否定意义的never\not和too„to„连用时

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表达肯定一样.

Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

too„to„可以与enoughto和so„that„转

换.

与enoughto转换时,enough前的形容词,副词必须

是too后面形容词,

副词的反义词,并使用其否定句式.

Sheistooyoungtodothework.

==sheisn’toldenoughtodothework.

与so„that„转换时,that后面的从句要用否定

形式.

Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.

==Tomissotiredthathecan’twalkanyfarther.

.cost1）动词,花费\价值（多少钱）

Howmuchdiditcost?

Ididn’tbuyitbecauseitcosttoomuch.

Themealcostusabout100yuan.

（）名词,成本,费用,价钱.atallcosts不惜任何

代价;atthecost

of以„„为代价.

Livingcostsarehigherincitiesthanthatinthe

country.

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Wemuststopitatallcosts.

Aftertheearthquake,thesoldierstriedtoreachtheareaatthe

costoftheirlives.

.pay,spend,cost,take的区别

pay花费（多少钱）,主语是人.Sb.paysomemoney

forsth.

Ipaid000yuanforthecomputerlastweek.

Spend花费（多少钱或时间）,主语是人.Sb.spend

somemoneyonsth.

Sb.spendsometime（in）doingsth.

Ispent000yuanonthecomputerlastweek.

Shespenthours（in）doingherhomework.

cost花费（多少钱）,主语是物.Sth.costsb.

somemoney.

Thisjacketcosthim00dollars.

take花费（时间）,Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.

花费某人多少时间做某事

Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?

花费某人多少时间做某事?

IttookLiuHonghourstodoherhomework.

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Ittakesme10minutestowalktoschoolfromhome.

Itwilltakethemmonthstobuildthebuilding.

Howlongdoesittakehimtoplantthetrees?

.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleep

sleep动词,睡觉,强调动作.Iamverytired.I

wanttosleep.

Hesleptfor1hoursyesterday.

sleeping,Sleep的现在分词,表示“正在睡觉”

Don’tmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.

Theywokeupthesleepinggirlandaskedherwhereherparentswere.

sleepy想睡觉的,困倦的.Iamalittlesleepy.I’

dliketogotobed.

asleep睡着了的.

TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.

WouldyoumindturningdowntheTV?

Thebabyisasleep.

fallasleep强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不能接一

段时间

Icouldn’tfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelast

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night.

Helistenedtomusicandfellasleep.

beasleep表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了”,可以接

一段时间.

Hewasasleepforthreehours.

.choose动词,“选择,挑选”,过去式chose,过

去分词chosen

choosetodosth.选择做某事

can’tChoosebut只得„„

pickandchoose挑挑拣拣

Therearemanybookstochoosefrom.

Wechoosemikeasourleader（领导）.

Willyouhelpmechooseadictionary?

Everyonecan’tchoosebutobey（服从）.

It’sherhabit（习惯）topickandchoosewhileshopping.

10.present

（1）礼物,礼品==giftWhynotgivehimacardasapresent?

whatcanIgethimforabirthdaypresent?

（）目前,现在I’msorryheisoutatpresent.

Youhavetoforgetthepastandstartlivinginthe

present.

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11.open

（1）动词,打开,开业,开张,展现

It’snotrighttoopenotherpeople’sletters.

Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?

Thedooropenstothesouth.

Thisfactoryopenedin1998.

（）形容词,beopen开着的,开放的

Inhisdreamtheflowersareallopen.

Mostshopsareclosedbutseveralarestillopen.

Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.

close动词,关闭,关上,合上

Pleaseclosethedoortokeepthecoldout.

closed形容词,beclosed关着的,关闭的

whenwegottotheshopitwasclosed.

1.giveaway赠送,分发giveawaysthtosb

AuntWanggaveawaythecandies（糖果）tothe

kids.

Johngaveawayhisnotebooktome.

其它短语giveup放弃giveback归还giveoff放

出,发出（气味）

givesthtosb==givesb.sth.把某物给某人

13.ratherthan而不是„„后面跟名词,代词,从

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句

Thecolorseemsgreenratherthanblue.

Ifyouranratherthanwalked,youwouldhavearrivedearlier.

Wedependonyouratherthanonhim.

Youshouldhelpthemratherthantheyshouldhelpyou.

prefertodosthratherthandosth.宁愿„„,

也不„„

Shepreferredtostayathomeratherthangowithus.

Hepreferredtolistentomusicratherthanplaygames.

Wouldratherdosththandosth.宁愿„„,也

不„„

Hewouldratherplaythanwork.

Iwouldrathertaketheslowesttrainthangotherebyair.

14.instead

（1）位于句首,表示“反而,相反”

Ididn’tgotothecinemalastnight.instead,IwatchedafootballmatchonTV.

Theboydidn’tsingtothemusic.Instead,he

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sanghisownway.

（）位于句尾,表示“作为代替,而是”

Mrsmithwasill,somrgreenwastakinghisclassinstead.

Idon’tlikethisone,pleasegivemethatinstead.

insteadof后跟名词,代词,动名词,介词短语.表示

“代替,而不是”

Ihavecomeinsteadofmybrother.Heisill.

Wewalkeddownthestairsinsteadoftakingtheelevator（电梯）.

Hestudiesintheeveninginsteadofduringtheday.

15.enter

（1）参加==takepartin\join

Morethanonethousandsportsmenentered\tookpartinthegames.

Mybrotherhopestoenter\jointhearmynextyear.

（）进入==comeinto\gointo

Sheentered\cameintotheroomwiththesewords.

Didyouseesomeoneenter\gointothehouse?

16.encourage动词,鼓励,激励encouragesb.to

dosth.鼓励某人做某事

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Parentsshouldencouragechildrentodothingsbythemselves.

OurEnglishteacherencouragesustokeepadairyinEnglish.

17.progress名词,“进步,进展”makeprogress

“取得进步,取得进展”

Myparentsarepleasedwithmyprogressinlessons.

Tomisnowmakingmuch\greatprogressatschool.

Theymadenoprogressintheheavysnow.

18.suggest动词,建议,提议.后跟名词,代词,动

名词和从句

shesuggestedawayoutofthedifficulty.

hesuggestedgoinghome.

whosuggestedyoustayinghere?

Isuggestedwe（should）holdameeting.

19.takeaninterestin（doing）sth.对（做）

某事感兴趣

否定表达是takenointerestin（doing）sth.对

（做）某事不感兴趣

DoyoutakeaninterestinEnglish?

Mostchildrentakeaninterestinplayingcomputergames.

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Hetakesnointerestinplayingbasketball.

be\becomeinterestedin（doing）sth对（做）

某事感兴趣

I’mdeeplyinterestedinswimming.

Shebecameinterestedinsingingwhenshewasonlyyearsold.

0.ThreegoodwaysofimprovingEnglisharementioned.

提到了三种提高英语的好方法.

ofimprovingEnglish是介词短语作定语修饰ways.

它相当与动词不定式.

ThreegoodwaysofimprovingEnglisharementioned.

===ThreegoodwaystoimproveEnglisharementioned.

Canyoufindawaytoworkouttheproblem?

==Canyoufindawayofworkingouttheproblem?

Fastisanotherwayofsayingquick.

==Fastisanotherwaytosayquick.

Mention

（1）动词,“提到,提及,说起”

asmentionedabove如上所述

Heoftenmentionedhispasttome.

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Nobodymentionedanythingtomeaboutit.

Didshementionwhereshewasgoing?

Youmentionedinyourletterthatyoumightbemovingabroad.

Asmentionedabove,therearemanygoodwaystolearnEnglishwell.

（）名词,“提及,说起”

Thenewspapermadenomentionofhim.

1.makefriendswithsb.和某人交朋友

Wouldyouliketomakefriendswithus?

IfinditdifficulttomakefriendswithBen.

二.形容词、副词

一、形容词

（一）形容词的含义:

表示人或事物的特征、性质、状态

的词叫形容词。

（二）形容词的用法及位置:

1.作定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后。

Thenicegirlismysister.

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.

.少数形容只能作表语不能作定语:

alone,afraid,

ill,asleep,awake,alive,well。

.作表语，放在系动词之后。

Helookshappy.

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.作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make,leave,keep等动词连用。

Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed.

Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.

.某些形容词放在定冠词the之后，表示一类人。

常见

的词有:

good,bad,rich,poor,

young,old,deaf,blind,black,white,living,

dead。

Theyoungshouldbepolitetotheold.

Pleasedon’tlaughatthepoor.

.某些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定式（to+动词原形）:

glad,happy,pleased

besorry,sad,