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四川师范大学成都学院本科毕业论文

ALifeofHerOwn

—Edna’sStrugglesforSelf-autonomy

inTheAwakening

学生姓名

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所在系

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英语

班级

2008级×班

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四川师范大学成都学院

二○一二年五月

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ALifeofHerOwn:

Edna’sStrugglesforSelf-autonomyinTheAwakening

Abstract:

TheAwakeningdepictstheprocessofEdnaPontellier’sawakeningfromamiddleclasshousewifetoanewwomanofheragewhostrugglesforself-autonomy.

InChopin’sage,theAmericansociety,southernsocietyinparticular,wasbasicallyapatriarchaloneinwhichwomenwereconstrainedinthehouseholdsalltheirlifetimeandtheonlyrolestheycouldplaywereobedientdaughters,submissivewivesandlovingmothers.Beforeherawakening,EdnaPontellierledaconventionallifeasotherwomenofheragedid.Shegrewupwithstrictupbringing,latergotmarriedandhadchildren.However,deepinside,shewaspassionateandrebellious.OntheGrandIsle,Ednaunderwentaprofoundandpainfulprocessofawakeningwhichwasbothspiritualandphysical....Latersheevenmovedoutofherhusband’shouseanddeclaredherindependencewithafancydinnerparty.Secondly,shetriedtotakecontrolofherbodywhichsheregardedasanintegralpartofheridentity.ShehadanaffairwithArobin,satisfyingherphysicalneeds,butretainedherfreedomfrommaledomination.Lastly,withhernewlygainedinsights,Ednaabandonedherfantasiesaboutromanticlove.ShefinallyunderstoodthatRobertwasnodifferentfromherhusbandorArobinwhoregardedherasobjectsratherthanindependentperson.Intheend,betweenmotherhoodandherself,Ednachosethelatter.Acceptingnocompromisesratherthanalifeofherown,Ednachosetoembracetheseaanddiedawholeperson.

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Keywords:

Ednaawakeningself-autonomy

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她自己的人生

—《觉醒》中埃德娜追求独立自我的斗争

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内容摘要：

肖班的代表作《觉醒》一书描绘了主人公埃德娜·庞蒂利埃由一个中产阶级家庭妇女到一个追求独立自我的新女性的转变过程。

在肖班的时代，美国社会基本上仍是一个男权社会，在美国的南方尤为如此。

妇女一生都局限在家庭中，只能扮演贤妻良母的角色。

在觉醒之前，埃德娜·庞蒂利埃像同时代的其他妇女一样，过着循规蹈矩的生活。

她从小家教严格，之后结婚生子并忠实地尽一个妻子和母亲的义务。

但是，真正的埃德娜是一个充满激情，叛逆的女性。

在格兰德岛上，埃德娜开始了一段深刻并且痛苦的觉醒过程。

她的觉醒最初始于对婚姻的不满，并在阿黛尔，赖斯小姐以及罗伯特的影响下进一步深化。

埃德娜的丈夫莱昂斯的自私和过度的占有欲使埃德娜逐渐意识到自己婚姻的压迫本质。

阿黛尔这一格兰德岛上的典型的贤妻良母促使爱德娜开始认识自我，探索自我。

同时，赖斯小姐用她那富于感染力的音乐触动了爱德娜心底的激情。

而罗伯特则直接激发了埃德娜肉体的觉醒。

在发现自我之后，埃德娜先后放弃了两种模式的生活。

她既不愿意像阿黛尔那样泯灭自我，也不愿像赖斯小姐那样与世隔绝。

埃德娜选择走一条自己的路，为实现自我而展开斗争。

首先，她拒绝依靠丈夫生活并试图实现经济独立。

从格兰德岛回来之后，埃德娜拒绝履行家庭义务并以绘画谋求经济上的自主。

她甚至用自己的钱搬出了丈夫的房子并举办了盛大的晚宴宣告自己的独立。

更反叛的是，埃德娜试图控制自己的身体。

她和纨绔子弟阿罗宾交往并发生了关系，在整个过程中，埃德娜始终掌握着主动权。

随着认识的深入，埃德娜最终放弃了对罗伯特的浪漫幻想。

她最终意识到罗伯特和莱昂斯，阿罗宾一样，都把自己当作物而不是平等的人对待。

最终，在母性和自我之间，埃德娜毅然选择了后者。

既然无法实现自己的生活，不接受妥协的埃德娜选择了走向大海。

她虽然失去了生命，但却维护了自我的完整。

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关键词：

埃德娜觉醒自我

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TableofContents

1.Introduction………………………………………………………………………….......1

1.1Thereceptionofthenovel......1

1.2Purposeandsignificanceofthestudy2

2.Women’spositionintheCreolesociety……………………………….....…................3

3.Edna’sawakening.........................………………………………………………….....…..5

3.1Edna’slifebeforeherawakening5

3.2ThenatureofEdna’sawakening6

3.3TheCausesofherawakening7

3.3.1Leonce’spossessiveness.................................................7

3.3.2Adele’sfemininity,openmannerandsympathy..8

3.3.3MadmoiselleReisz’spassionatemusic.10

3.3.4Robert’sdevotion11

4.Edna’schoices:

..................................................................................................................12

4.1Adele—Atypical“angelinthehouse”12

4.2MadmoiselleReisz—theisolatedspinsterartist14

4.3Edna—thethirdway:

alifeofherown15

5.Edna’sStruggle…………………………………………………….....................…...16

6.Conclusion…………………………………………...................................................19

Appendix（optional）…………………………………………….......………….........................……...20

WorksCited………………….....…………………………………………..................21

目录设计要求：

1．采用自动编目，由提纲转换而来的目录，必须采用topicoutline。

2．作者可根据选题和行文需要,自行设计各级标题。

ALifeofHerOwn:

Edna’sStrugglesforSelf-autonomyinTheAwakening

1.Introduction

1.1Thereceptionofthenovel

ForagesandagessincethepublicationofTheAwakening,therehavebeenceaselessdebatesconcerningthenovelanditsprotagonist.ReadersoftenwonderwhyEdnaPontellier,wifeofadevotedhusbandandmotheroftwochildrenabandonedherfamilyandherformerrich,easylife.Inaddition,startingfromtheearlyreviewers,thereisatendencyofoveremphasizingthesensualnatureofEdna’awakening.Quiteoftenreviewersreduceherawakeningassimplyasexualone,equatingherstrugglesasmerelyanattempttogainsexualfulfillmentwhileignoringthefactthatitisonlypartofamoreprofoundspiritualawakening.Forexample,KennethEbleclaimedthat“quitefrankly,thebookisaboutsex”anddefinedEdna’sproblemas“thestruggleswithErositself”（Bloom12）.LarzerZiffcalledTheAwakening“themostimportantpieceoffictionaboutthesexuallifeofawomanwrittentodateinAmerica”andmentionednothingaboutEdna’sawakeningtoaspiritualindependence（Culley174）.Thispaperwillarguethatinsteadofbeingaselfish,foolishwoman,EdnaPontellierisanewwomanofheragewhoawakenstohersenseofselfasanindependentindividualandstrugglesfinancially,sexuallyandemotionallyforself-autonomy.Ultimately,acceptingnocompromisesratherthanalifeofherown,Ednachoosestoembracetheseaanddiesawholeperson.

Publishedin1899,TheAwakeningwasfirstreceivedwithharshcriticism.ThePublicOpinionevenexclaimedthat“wearewellsatisfiedwhenMrs.Pontellierdeliberatelyswimsoutinherdeath”（Culley151）.

正文从阿拉伯数字1开始标页码，底端居中，只需数字，至参考文献结束。

WhatthecriticsfoundmostuncomfortablewereChopin’sevidentsympatheticattitudestowardsEdnaPontellier,an“immoral”womanwhoshouldbecondemned.DanielsRankin,Chopin’sfirstbiographer,thoughthighlyofChopinasalocalcolorwriter.Nevertheless,hedescribedTheAwakeningas“exoticinsetting,morbidinthemeanderoticinmotivation”anddoubtedwhetheritwasworthwhiletodepictsuchanunconventionalprotagonist（Culley163）.WillaCather,afamouswomanwriterofChopin’sage,comparedthebookto“ACreoleBovary”.Whileimpressedbythenovel’sexquisiteandsensitive,well-governed”style,shedenouncedthethemeas“triteandsordid”（Culley153）.Thepenaltyforitscreatorwasdisastrous,evenfatal.Thebookwasbannedforalmost50yearsanditmarkedadefactoendofChopin’swritingcareer.

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2.Women’spositionintheCreolesociety

Inhis“Walden,orlifeinthewoods”,Thoreaudeclaredthat“IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife…andseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnot,whenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived…”（Baym,Norton915）.Whilemenenjoyedthefreedomoflivingthewaytheylike,goingtothewoodsandsearchingforthemeaningoflifeanddoingwhatsoever,womenweremuchlessfortunate.Even45yearsafterthepublicationoftheaboveessay,mostwomenofChopin’sagewerestillconstrainedinthehouseholdsalltheirlifetimeandtheonlyrolestheycouldplaywereobedientdaughters,submissivewivesandlovingmothers.Despitethefactthatwoman’smovementwerestartingtogathermomentuminthe1890sintheUnitedStates,women,southernwomeninparticular,stillenjoyedlittlepolitical,economical,andlegalrights.AccordingtoMargaretCulley,mostmarriedwomeninNewOrleanswereindeedthepropertyoftheirhusbandsatthetimewhenthebookwaswritten（Culley117）.Inaddition,thelawclearlystatedthat“Allofawife’s‘accumulations’aftermarriagewerethepropertyofherhusband,includingmoneyshemightearnandtheclothesshewore.”Womenwereseenas“absolutelyincapable”oftestifyingincourtandtheyhadnorightstovoteuntilthe20thcentury.Inthecaseofadivorce,womenwereoftenrobbedofthecustodyoftheirchildren.“Despitesocialandpoliticaladvances,womeninthe1890sstillencountereddisadvantagesinalmosteveryaspectoftheirlives,andamajorityofthepopulacestillbelievedthatawoman’smostsacreddutywastobe‘theangelinthehouse’”（Culley119）.Inthisrespect,TheCreolewomenofNewOrleansareindisputablyhonoredasthemodelwomenofthatage,famousfortheirchastityandvirtues.AlthoughtheCreolesocietyseemstobequiteopen,itisadeceptiveopennesswhichbasesontheirwomen’sunquestionablevirtuesandtheirconfidenceofitsPatriarchy（Dyer11）.

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3.Edna’sawakening

3.1Edna’slifebeforeherawakening

EdnaPontellier,theprotagonist,growsupinaPresbyterianfamilyinKentuckywithstrictup-bringing.Hermotherdiedwhenshewasquiteyoungandafterthathersistermanagedthefamily.Herfatherisarigidcolonel,whobelievesthatforwomen,“coercioniswhatisneeded”and“putyourfootdowngoodandhard”is“theonlywaytomanageawife”（Chopin102）.Ironically,itishimwhodrovehiswifeintothegrave.Notsurprisingly,Ednagrowsuptobeself-containedandreserved,keepingherprivatethoughtstotallytoherself.Moreover,shehasbeentrainedtoobeyandtodowhatisexpectedofher.

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6.Conclusion

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WorksCited

Austen,Jane.PrideandPrejudice.Ed.HenryChurchyard.1996.Pemberley,n.d.Web.10Sept.1998.

Chopin,Kate.TheAwakening.NewYork:

CambridgeUP,1996.

Eggins,Suzanne,andDianeSlade.AnalyzingCasualConversation.London:

Cassell,1997.

Nelles,William.“EdnaPontellier’sRevoltagainstNature.”AmericanLiteratureRealism32,no.1（fall1999）:

43-50.

Quirk,Randolph,etal.AComprehensiveGrammaroftheEnglishLanguage.London:

Longman,1985.

Scholes,Roberts.ProtocolsofReading.NewHaven:

YaleUP,1989.

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