高考英语阅读理解的综合热点考点难点含答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解的综合热点考点难点含答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
AfamousAnglicanChurchstandsinaquietcornerofDunedininNewZealand'sSouthIsland.Builtin1865,itisthecity'soldestchurchstillinuse.Countlesscoupleshavegatheredheretomarry.It'swheremorningtearsareshared,friendshipsformedandcomfortgivenduringtimesofloss.
Aswithmanychurches,itswallsaregracedwithacollectionofbeautifulstained-glasswindows.Knownasthe"JohnAllenwindow",onewindowportraystheshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.
JohnwasthesonofSirJamesAllen,whoasMinisterofDefense,helpedplanandadministerNewZealand'sWorldWarIstrategy,whichsaw100,000troopssenttofight.Withthewaroverandhissondead,SirJameschosetoinstallawindowinthechurch,withwhichtheAllenfamilyhadstrongties.
Dividedintotwoparts,onedepicts(描绘)St.George,thepatronsaint(守护神)ofsoldiers,whiletheotherhasanangelofpeace,alongwiththewordsatthebottom,"JohnHughAllGallipoli,6thJune,1915".Twotreeswithlocalbirdsonthebranchescanbeseenandakiwiwalksatthebottom-remindersthatJohnwasaloverofbirds.
"Therearemanywarmemorialsinthechurch,"saysthechurch."Howeverthe'JohnAllenwindow'standsout;ittouchespeoplebecauseofthebeautifuldesign,theNewZealandbirdsandbecauseJohn'sstory,ofalifesofullofpromiseendingtragicallyinthewar,reflectsthelivesandstoriesofsomanyothersinvolvedinWorldWarI."
(1)Whatdoestheword"portrays"inparagraph2mostprobablymean?
A. Starts.
B. Changes.
C. Treasures.
D. Represents.
(2)SirJamesAllenbuiltthe"JohnAllenwindow"to______________.
A.celebratetheendofWorldWarI
B.honorthetroopsintheGallipolicampaign
C.rememberhisson'ssacrificetothecountry
D.showthefamily'sclosetieswiththechurch
(3)Whatmightbethemainthemeofthepicturesonthewindow?
A.Freedomandequality.
B.Peaceandwar.
C.Humanandnature.
D.Marriageandfamily.
(4)Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.ABraveSoldier
B.WindowonaLife
C.CrueltyoftheWar
D.AGrandChurch
【答案】
(1)D
(2)C
(3)B
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一所教堂中一个被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗"的窗户,上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命。
这是约翰的父亲为了纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲而绘制的,主题体现了战争与和平。
(1)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“theshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.可知被称为“JohnAllenwindow”的一扇窗户描绘了当地男子JohnAllen短暂的一生,他于1915年在土耳其的加里波利战役中牺牲。
可知portrays意思为“描绘”,故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Withthewaroverandhissondead,SirJameschosetoinstallawindowinthechurch,withwhichtheAllenfamilyhadstrongties.”随着战争的结束和他儿子的去世,SirJames选择在教堂里安装了一扇窗户,艾伦家族与这扇窗户有着密切的联系。
可知SirJamesAllen建造了“JohnAllenwindow”,以纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲。
故选C。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第二段中的“Dividedintotwoparts,onedepictsSt.George,thepatronsaintofsoldiers,whiletheotherhasanangelofpeace,alongwiththewordsatthebottom,“JohnHughAllGallipoli,6thJune,1915”.”绘画分为两部分,一部分描绘了士兵的守护神圣乔治,另一部分描绘了和平天使,最下面写着“JohnHughAllGallipoli,1915年6月6日”。
可推知窗里的画的主题应当为战争与和平。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第二段“Aswithmanychurches,itswallsaregracedwithacollectionofbeautifulstained-glasswindows.Knownasthe“JohnAllenwindow”,onewindowportraystheshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.”与许多教堂一样,它的墙壁上装饰着一系列美丽的彩色玻璃窗。
一个窗子被称为"约翰·艾伦之窗",上面描绘了一位当地人约翰·艾伦的短暂生命,他于1915年在土耳其的加利波利战役中去世。
)以及文章主要内容为描述这个玻璃窗画背后的故事,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
AfewyearsbackIworkedinauniversitybuildingthatalsohousedadepartmentfullofpsychologists,allofwhomseemedtoseeusasperfectguineapigs(豚鼠)fortheirlatesttheories.Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask"Why?
"beforegrabbingtheapplepie.
Sooneday,whensomeonefromthePsychologyDepartmentpostedinstructionsinthebathroompersuadingallofusto"Thinkaboutfivethingsforwhichyou'regratefuleverydayforaweek!
"myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.
IwanderedintotheofficeofHeidiZetzer,thedirectorofourschool'sPsychologicalServicesClinic."What'swiththegratitudething?
"Iasked.Youdon'taskanacademicquestion-evenasimpleoneunlessyou'repreparedforalonganswer.Heidicamealive,andIsatdown.That'swhenIfirstheardtheterm"positivepsychology".Thegratitudething,asIhadcalledit,wasbutonesmallandsimpleelementofthepractice."Kindofliketrainingthebraintofocusonjoy,"myfriendHeidiexplained."It'sonlyaweek,"sheurged."Tryit."Idid.Andguesswhat?
Itworked.
Everydayforaweek,IfoundfivedistinctthingsforwhichIwasthankful.Theyhadtobedifferenteveryday.Icouldn'tgetawaywithjustbeinggratefulformywonderfulhusband.ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.
Lifewillneverbeperfect.Istillseenewstoriesthatannoyme.Thetrafficinmycityismaddening.IwishIcouldspeedupmyrecovery.Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:
acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.
Andallittookwasalittlegratitude.
(1)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardthestudentwithdesserts?
A. Cautious.
B. Respectful.
C. Indifferent.
D. Supportive.
(2)Whywastheauthordoubtfulabouttheinstructions?
A. Becauseshethoughtitwasn'tworththeeffort.
B. Becauseshedidn'tlikeexpressingthanksoften.
C. Becausesheneededtoaskherfriendtodoitfirst.
D. Becauseshecoulddofivethingseverydayeasily.
(3)WhatdoesCollieConoleysuggesttheauthorshoulddo?
A. Begratefultoherwonderfulhusband.
B. Bethankfulforthingsbutnotpeople.
C. Beagreatcookandputherfamilyfirst.
D. Bespecificaboutwhatshe'sthankfulfor.
(4)What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A. Don'tBeBotheredbySmallThings
B. WeCanChangeEverythingIfWeWant
C. PracticingGratitudeChangedMyLife
D. BeingGratefultoOneGoodPerson
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,在一个星期的时间里,作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情,而且每天都有所不同。
生活永远不会完美。
但通过这么一个简单的练习,作者重新发现了那句老话的平和:
接受我不能改变的事情,毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的,并且足够明智地知道两者的区别。
这只需要一点感激之情。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask‘Why?
’beforegrabbingtheapplepie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室,让我挑选一种,在抓苹果派之前,我会仔细地看一眼,然后问“为什么?
”可知,作者在抓苹果派之前,会仔细地看一眼,然后问“为什么?
”。
可知,作者对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。
故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。
我算了算。
连续7天每天做5件事,甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有,那就太费脑力了。
可推知,作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑,认为太费脑力、不值得去做。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利·康诺利建议道,我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。
他是个很棒的厨师。
他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。
可知,柯利·康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方面表达感激之情。
由此可知,柯利·康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:
acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.”但通过一个简单的练习,我重新发现了那句老话的平和:
接受我不能改变的事情,毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的,并且足够明智地知道两者的区别)可知,练习表达感激,改变了作者的观念和生活。
由此可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇人生感悟类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。
并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Mars(火星)appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,atleastinthesummer,scientistsreportedMonday."ItsuggeststhatitwouldbepossiblefortheretobelifetodayonMars,"NASA'ssciencemissionchief,JohnGrunsfeld,saidatanewsconferenceonSeptember28,2015.
Thestreamsareabout12to15feetwideand300feetormorelong,scientistssaid."Whatwe'redealingwithiswetsoil,thinlayersofwetsoil,notstandingwater,"saidAifredMcEwenoftheUniversityofArizonaatTueson,theprincipalscientistfortheMarsReconnaissanceOrbiter'shigh-resolutionimagingexperiment.
Becauseliquidwaterisessentialtolife,thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsforthepossibilityofMartianlife.Theresearcherssaidfurtherexplorationisneededtodeterminewhethermicroscopiclifeexistsontheplanet.
ThepresenceofliquidwatercouldalsomakelifeeasierforastronautsvisitingorlivingonMars.Watercouldbeusedfordrinkingandforcreatingoxygenandrocketfuel.NASA'sgoalistosendhumansthereinthe2030s.
Theevidenceofflowingwaterconsistslargelyofdark,narrowstreaks(条痕)onthesurfacethattendtoappearandgrowduringthewarmestMartianmonthsandfadetherestoftheyear.
Marsisextremelycoldeveninsummer,andthestreaksareinplaceswherethetemperatureisaslowasminus10degreesFahrenheit.Butsaltcanlowerthefreezingpointofwaterandmeltice.
Thesourceofthewaterisamystery.Scientistsnoteditcouldbemeltingice.Itcouldbeanundergroundaquifer,whichisrockorsandthatcanholdwater.Itispossiblywatervaporfromthet