财政部财政科研所博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解.docx

财政部财政科研所博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解.docx

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财政部财政科研所博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解

财政部财政科研所2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解

PartOneVocabularyandStructure（15points）

Directions:

Foreachunderlinedwordorphraseinthefollowingsentences,chooseawordorfromthefourchoicesgiven,thenmarkoutyourchoice.

1．Humansshouldnotdeveloptheireconomyatthe______oftheecologicalenvironment.

A．destructionB．pollutionC．expenseD．mercy

2．Thepoliceinspector,havingreceivednewinformationfromaconfidentialsource,decidedtoenlargethe______ofhisenquiry.

A．scopeB．magnitudeC．dimensionD．volume

3．Theshockgivenbythisarrangementisnotsostrongastheothertwo,butis______unpleasant.

A．muchlessB．stilllessC．nonethelessD．moreorless

4．Itisabetterjob______money,butitdoesnotcarrythesameprestige.

A．forthepurposeofB．inregardto

C．intermsofD．withreferenceto

5．Essentially,atheoryisanabstract,symbolicrepresentationof______reality.

A．thatisconceivedB．thatisbeingconceivedof

C．whatitisconceivedD．whatisconceivedtobe

6．Itmaybethatintheindustrialdistrictsthehighwagesthatcanbeobtainedatanearlyagehavereducedtheattractionsofpostponingwageearning______auniversityeducation.

A．infavorofB．inreturnfor

C．inexchangeforD．inplaceof

7．Icanfollowhiscareerupto1958,butquiteabruptlyIlose______ofhim.

A．countB．sightC．traceD．track

8．Brunner's______tobecomethesecondwomanevertoholdCabinetrankwasscuttledbytheoverwhelminglymaleparliament,apparentlybecauseofsexualpolitics.

A．betB．bitC．bidD．bat

9．Thereareprobablyveryfewcasesinwhichdifferentraceshavelivedincomplete______inasinglecountryforlongperiods.

A．successB．revengeC．harmonyD．conscience

10．Even30yearslater,hestill______thememoryofhishappyandcare-freechildhoodspentinthatsmallwoodenhouseofhisgrandparents.

A．remindedB．memorizedC．cherishedD．fancied

11．Mystudentsfoundthebook______:

itprovidedthemwithanabundanceofinformationonthesubject.

A．enlightenedB．confusingC．distractingD．amusing

12．Anactionthatislavishlyrewardedassoonasitisperformediswellonitswaytobecomingahabit.

A．promptlyB．generouslyC．evidentlyD．sympathetically

13．Theyachievedmorethantheyhadeverdreamed,lendingamagictotheirfamilystorythatnotaleorordinarylifecouldpossiblyrival.

A．confirmB．achieveC．matchD．exaggerate

14．______totellusthattheinterestoftheindividualshouldbesubordinatetothatofthecollective?

A．WereyouusedB．Areyouused

C．DidyouuseD．Doyouuse

15．Researchshouldcontinueoncontrollednuclearfusion,butnoenergyprogramshouldbepremisedonitsexistenceuntilithasprovedpractical.

A．focusedB．concentratedC．agreedD．based

PartTwoReadingComprehension（20Points）

Directions:

Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshouldselectthebestchoiceandmarkout.

PassageOne

Generationgapsarenothingnew.ImperfectcommunicationbetweenagegroupsplaguedtheancientGreeksandcurrentworksalike.

Manyanolderworkerchafesatanunder-30colleaguewhosurfstheinternet,listenstohisSonyWalkmanandchatsonthephoneorwithhisdeskmate,allwhileworkingonaprojectdueinanhour.

Sometimes,ofcourse,heisn'tworking,andthat'sawholedifferentissue.Butsometimesheisgettinglotsofgreatstuffdone.Inthemeantime,thedifferentworkstylescreateacaseof“Wouldyoupleaseshutup”vs.“Lightenup.Getalife.”

MarcPrensky,vicepresidentofBankersTrustandfounderofitsinteractivelearningsubsidiary,CorporateGameware,wasonpointinAcrosstheBoard,apublicationoftheConferenceBoard.ThebusinessresearchorganizationtitledPrensky'sarticle“TwitchSpeed,”areferencetothefastpaceofvideogameplay.

Todayunder-30workerslikelygrewupinamultimedia,technology-rich,twitch-speedenvironment.Prenskysaystheysimultaneouslydidhomework,watchedTVandlistenedtomusic;thisexposurechangedthewaystheyreceiveandprocessinformation.

BabyboomersandolderworkersmayormaynothavedonehomeworkbyTV,butmuchelsehaschanged.Sociologistssaytheover-30saremorelikelytowantroomdoorsclose,TVoff,onethinghappeningatatime,quiet,please!

Whenthetwoheritagesclashintheworkplace,itpitscomfortwithspeedand“multitasking”againstcomfortwithdeliberationandfocusedconcentration.

Soundfamiliar?

Ifthegaphasbecomeachasminyourworkplace,it'stimetotalk.Bothworkstylescanbeproductive,butbothsidesneedtomakeaccommodationssotheother'sproductivityisn'timpaired.

1．Thispassageismainlytalkingabout______.

A．generationgaps

B．workstylesofdifferentagegroups

C．lackofmutualunderstandingbetweentheoldandtheyoung

D．imperfectcommunicationbetweenoldandyoungworkers

2．Fromthecontextwemayfigureoutthatthework“plagued”（Paragraph1）means______.

A．annoyedB．infectedC．damagedD．affected

3．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinginNOTtrue?

A．Olderworkersoftenfeelannoyedabouttheiryoungcolleagues'attitudestowardswork.

B．Youngerworkersalwaysdoagoodjoboftheirworkthoughtheyprefertolistentomusicorchatwithotherswhileworking.

C．Thedifferentworkstylesmaysometimesleadtoanunnecessaryargument.

D．Olderworkersareusedtoworkinginacomfortableandquietenvironmentsothattheycanfullyconcentrateonwhattheyaredoing.

4．TheauthoragreeswithMarcPrenskyonthepointthatyoungerworkersprefera“multitasking”stylebecause______.

A．theyaresmartandenergetic

B．theyhavethespecialabilitytoperformseveraltasksatthesametime

C．broughtupinaspecialculturalbackground,theyhavedevelopedabehavioralpatterndifferentfromthatoftheiroldercolleagues

D．theyhavebeentrainedtoreceiveandprocessinformationinaspecialway

5．Theauthormaintainsthatbothsidesshould______ifthetwopatternworkstylesclashheadlong.

A．bepatient

B．realizethatbothworkstylesareproductive

C．makeeffortstoavoiddoingdamagetotheother'sproductivity

D．makecompromisetobridgethegulfbetweenthem

PassageTwo

Scholarsoftenseemtooperateontheassumptionsthatanyanalysiswitharosyoutlooksimplydoesnotadequatelyunderstandthematterathand.Ecotourismresearchershavenotbeenderelict（遗弃的）inthisregards,astheliteraturereviewearliershowed.AlltheresearcherswhohavelookedatCapirona'sproject,however,havebeenimpressedbyitsgrassrootsnatureandareoptimisticaboutitspotentialaseco-development（Colvin1994;Wesche1993;Silver1992）.

Alloftheseresearchers,however,visitedthecommunityinitsearlyyearsofoperation.Asmentionedpreviously,recent,non-scholarlyreportsarelesspositive.Thusthereremainssomedoubtastothelong-termviabilityofevensuchamodelofindigenous（本土的）ecotourismdevelopmentasCapirona.ThisstudyoriginallyproposedtostudyCapirona'sproject,butthatcommunitywaswearyofsuchresearchvisitsandrefusedarequesttocarryoutthestudythere.RiloBlanco,thoughcompletingonlyitsfirstyearofecotourismdevelopment,waschosenasanalternatesite.PerhapsitshouldnotbesurprisingthattheprospectsforecotourisminRioBlancoappear,astheydidinCapironaquitebright.

Ecotourismdevelopmenteffortsdifferfrommainstreamdevelopmenteffortsinthat,asidefromstart-uploans,muchorallofthecontinuingfinancialsupportcomesfromtouristsratherfromgovernmentsordevelopmentagencies.Asaresult,thetwomainplayersmanyecotourismendeavor—thehostsandtheguests—aredrivenbydifferingmotivations.Thelocalpopulationhopestoimproveitsownlotbytakingadvantageofthecuriosity,disposableincome,andinsomecases,perhaps,goodintentionsofecotourists．Thetouristswantto“explorethenaturalwondersoftheworld”,whetherthatbeawildebeestmigrationacrosstheSerengetiorthemarchofleaf-cutterantsacrossthejunglefloor（RyanandGrasse1991:

166）.

Incontrasttomasstourism,ecotourismpermitstouriststoseekeducationalself-fulfillmentintheformoftravel,andtriestotransformthatactivityintosomethingthatbenefitsthegreatergood—specifically,tofundenvironmentalpreservation,ruraldevelopment,andevenculturalsurvival.However,inordertosatisfyeveryone—tourists,environmentalists,touroperatorsandthelocalhosts—ecotourismmustbringintoalignmentavarietyofcontradictorypurposes.Ecotourismpromotesfeelingsamongtouriststhattheyarepartofthesolutionwhen,infact,theveryactofflyingathousandmilesormoretotheirdestinationconsumesresourcesandpollutestheenvironment（cf.Somerville1994）.Thebeautyofecotourismisthatitcanexploitthisegotisticmotivation;theflawisthatitisforeverlimitedbyit.

Evenabriefforayintodevelopmentliterature,however,showsthatflawedconceptualizationsaretherule,nottheexception.Asdevelopment,ecotourismmaybenomoreinchoate（未成型的,早期的）thananyotherapproach,andinsomewaysitisasprogressiveasanytheory.Forexample,ecotourismtwindevelopmentgoals—conservingtheenvironmentandbenefitinglocalpeoples—areincreasinglyseen,bothwithinandoutsideoftourismcircles,asinterdependent.Withouteconomicdevelopment,manyarguethatenvironmentalconservationisneitherethicalnorsustainable（Boo1990:

1;WestandBrechin1992:

14;BrandonandWells1992）.Suchconservationcanbeachievedonlybyprovidinglocalpeoplewithalternativeincomesourceswhichdonotthreatentodepletetheplantsandanimalswithintheprotectedzones（BrandonandWells1992:

557）.Mostresearchonthisis