财政部财政科研所博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解.docx

1、财政部财政科研所博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解财政部财政科研所2006年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附答案和详解Part One Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: For each underlined word or phrase in the following sentences, choose a word or from the four choices given, then mark out your choice.1Humans should not develop their economy at the _

2、 of the ecological environment.Adestruction Bpollution Cexpense Dmercy2The police inspector, having received new information from a confidential source, decided to enlarge the _ of his enquiry.Ascope Bmagnitude Cdimension Dvolume3The shock given by this arrangement is not so strong as the other two,

3、 but is _ unpleasant.Amuch less Bstill less Cnone the less Dmore or less4It is a better job _ money, but it does not carry the same prestige.Afor the purpose of Bin regard toCin terms of Dwith reference to5Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of _ reality.Athat is conceived

4、Bthat is being conceived ofCwhat it is conceived Dwhat is conceived to be6It may be that in the industrial districts the high wages that can be obtained at an early age have reduced the attractions of postponing wage earning _ a university education.Ain favor of Bin return forCin exchange for Din pl

5、ace of7I can follow his career up to 1958, but quite abruptly I lose _ of him.Acount Bsight Ctrace Dtrack8Brunners _ to become the second woman ever to hold Cabinet rank was scuttled by the overwhelmingly male parliament, apparently because of sexual politics.Abet Bbit Cbid Dbat9There are probably v

6、ery few cases in which different races have lived in complete _ in a single country for long periods.Asuccess Brevenge Charmony Dconscience10Even 30 years later, he still _ the memory of his happy and care-free childhood spent in that small wooden house of his grandparents.Areminded Bmemorized Ccher

7、ished Dfancied11My students found the book _: it provided them with an abundance of information on the subject.Aenlightened Bconfusing Cdistracting Damusing12An action that is lavishly rewarded as soon as it is performed is well on its way to becoming a habit.Apromptly Bgenerously Cevidently Dsympat

8、hetically13They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.Aconfirm Bachieve Cmatch Dexaggerate14_ to tell us that the interest of the individual should be subordinate to that of the collective?A Were you used BA

9、re you usedCDid you use DDo you use15Research should continue on controlled nuclear fusion, but no energy program should be premised on its existence until it has proved practical.Afocused Bconcentrated Cagreed DbasedPart Two Reading Comprehension (20 Points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this

10、part. Each passage is followed by some questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should select the best choice and mark out.Passage OneGeneration gaps are nothing new. Imperfect communication between age groups plagued the ancient Greeks and current works alike.Man

11、y an older worker chafes at an under-30 colleague who surfs the internet, listens to his Sony Walkman and chats on the phone or with his desk mate, all while working on a project due in an hour.Sometimes, of course, he isnt working, and thats a whole different issue. But sometimes he is getting lots

12、 of great stuff done. In the meantime, the different work styles create a case of “Would you please shut up” vs. “Lighten up. Get a life.”Marc Prensky, vice president of Bankers Trust and founder of its interactive learning subsidiary, Corporate Gameware, was on point in Across the Board, a publicat

13、ion of the Conference Board. The business research organization titled Prenskys article “Twitch Speed,” a reference to the fast pace of video game play.Today under-30 workers likely grew up in a multimedia, technology-rich, twitch-speed environment. Prensky says they simultaneously did homework, wat

14、ched TV and listened to music; this exposure changed the ways they receive and process information.Baby boomers and older workers may or may not have done homework by TV, but much else has changed. Sociologists say the over-30s are more likely to want room doors close, TV off, one thing happening at

15、 a time, quiet, please!When the two heritages clash in the workplace, it pits comfort with speed and “multitasking” against comfort with deliberation and focused concentration.Sound familiar? If the gap has become a chasm in your workplace, its time to talk. Both work styles can be productive, but b

16、oth sides need to make accommodations so the others productivity isnt impaired.1This passage is mainly talking about _.Ageneration gapsBwork styles of different age groupsClack of mutual understanding between the old and the youngDimperfect communication between old and young workers2From the contex

17、t we may figure out that the work “plagued” (Paragraph 1) means _.Aannoyed Binfected Cdamaged Daffected3According to the passage, which of the following in NOT true?AOlder workers often feel annoyed about their young colleagues attitudes towards work.BYounger workers always do a good job of their wo

18、rk though they prefer to listen to music or chat with others while working.CThe different work styles may sometimes lead to an unnecessary argument.DOlder workers are used to working in a comfortable and quiet environment so that they can fully concentrate on what they are doing.4The author agrees w

19、ith Marc Prensky on the point that younger workers prefer a “multitasking” style because _.Athey are smart and energeticBthey have the special ability to perform several tasks at the same timeCbrought up in a special cultural background, they have developed a behavioral pattern different from that o

20、f their older colleaguesDthey have been trained to receive and process information in a special way5The author maintains that both sides should _ if the two patternwork styles clash headlong.Abe patientBrealize that both work styles are productiveCmake efforts to avoid doing damage to the others pro

21、ductivityDmake compromise to bridge the gulf between themPassage TwoScholars often seem to operate on the assumptions that any analysis with a rosy outlook simply does not adequately understand the matter at hand. Ecotourism researchers have not been derelict (遗弃的) in this regards, as the literature

22、 review earlier showed. All the researchers who have looked at Capironas project, however, have been impressed by its grassroots nature and are optimistic about its potential as eco-development (Colvin 1994; Wesche 1993; Silver 1992).All of these researchers, however, visited the community in its ea

23、rly years of operation. As mentioned previously, recent, non-scholarly reports are less positive. Thus there remains some doubt as to the long-term viability of even such a model of indigenous (本土的) ecotourism development as Capirona. This study originally proposed to study Capironas project, but th

24、at community was weary of such research visits and refused a request to carry out the study there. Rilo Blanco, though completing only its first year of ecotourism development, was chosen as an alternate site. Perhaps it should not be surprising that the prospects for ecotourism in Rio Blanco appear

25、, as they did in Capirona quite bright.Ecotourism development efforts differ from mainstream development efforts in that, aside from start-up loans, much or all of the continuing financial support comes from tourists rather from governments or development agencies. As a result, the two main players

26、many ecotourism endeavorthe hosts and the guestsare driven by differing motivations. The local population hopes to improve its own lot by taking advantage of the curiosity, disposable income, and in some cases, perhaps, good intentions of ecotourists The tourists want to “explore the natural wonders

27、 of the world”, whether that be a wildebeest migration across the Serengeti or the march of leaf-cutter ants across the jungle floor (Ryan and Grasse 1991: 166).In contrast to mass tourism, ecotourism permits tourists to seek educational self-fulfillment in the form of travel, and tries to transform

28、 that activity into something that benefits the greater goodspecifically, to fund environmental preservation, rural development, and even cultural survival. However, in order to satisfy everyonetourists, environmentalists, tour operators and the local hostsecotourism must bring into alignment a vari

29、ety of contradictory purposes. Ecotourism promotes feelings among tourists that they are part of the solution when, in fact, the very act of flying a thousand miles or more to their destination consumes resources and pollutes the environment (cf. Somerville 1994). The beauty of ecotourism is that it

30、 can exploit this egotistic motivation; the flaw is that it is forever limited by it.Even a brief foray into development literature, however, shows that flawed conceptualizations are the rule, not the exception. As development, ecotourism may be no more inchoate (未成型的, 早期的) than any other approach,

31、and in some ways it is as progressive as any theory. For example, ecotourism twin development goalsconserving the environment and benefiting local peoplesare increasingly seen, both within and outside of tourism circles, as interdependent. Without economic development, many argue that environmental

32、conservation is neither ethical nor sustainable (Boo 1990: 1; West and Brechin 1992: 14; Brandon and Wells 1992). Such conservation can be achieved only by providing local people with alternative income sources which do not threaten to deplete the plants and animals within the protected zones (Brandon and Wells 1992: 557). Most research on this is